Luận văn thạc sĩ change detection and analysis of shoreline in the northeast of taiwan using remotely sensed data

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN VU TUAN ANH CHANGE DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF SHORELINE IN THE NORTHEAST OF TAIWAN USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full - Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : K44 – AEP THAI NGUYEN - 2016 i n Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Full name NGUYEN VU TUAN ANH Student ID DTN1253180060 Thesis title Supervisor Change detection and analysis of shoreline in the northeast of Taiwan using remotely sensed data Assoc Prof Tang-Huang Lin and MSc Nguyen Van Hieu Abstract: This study focuses on the use of remotely sensed data for monitoring coastline changes from seven beaches located at the Yilan County in Taiwan during the 2000 to 2015 period For the satellite image data processing, in this study we use the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) as it can efficiently suppress from the water information the noise coming from built-up land, vegetation and soil A GIS (Geographic Information System) approach was used for the spatial analysis of coastline change It was observed that the coastline change in the Yilan County underwent complicated changes during this 15 year period In this period, the accretion rate in Yilan coastal area was about 1.04 km and the erosion rate was about 0.34 km For the analysis of the changes of the coastlines, multi-temporal Landsat images have been used The zones of varying erosion and accretion have important implications for coastal zone management in the Yilan County region Keywords Yilan County, erosion, accretion, MNDWI, remote sensing, geographic information system Number of pages Date of submission i n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I wish to express my sincere thanks to the boards of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of International Training and Development Center; Advanced Education Program, for giving me this valuable and unforgettable chance studying and working in Taiwan, and more important providing me all necessary facilities, skills and knowledge to complete this bachelor thesis Furthermore, I want to deeply thanks to Assoc Prof Tang-Huang Lin (Head of Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory (ERSL), National Central University, Taiwan) for given permission to accomplish my Bachelor thesis there, and also his contact motivating supervision during my studies in the research group of ERSL, I would like to thank to Ms Nicole Wang, who provided me the materials for my research This study was also supported and instructed by Professor Nguyen Van Hieu (Head of Spatial Research Laboratory, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam) In particular, I place on record my gratitude to him for the multivariate analysis, and the knowledge of some significant change of sandy beaches around the world Without him, this work cannot be done Finally yet importantly, I take this opportunity to record my sense of gratitude to my families and friends who encourage and backing me unceasingly Thank you very much! Student signature Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh ii n TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research objectives 1.3 The requirement 1.4 Limitattions 1.5 The significance PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical basis 2.1.1 Shoreline erosion and accretion 2.1.2 Geographic information system (GIS) 10 2.1.3 MNDWI method 11 2.2 Practical basis 13 PART III METHODOLOGY 19 3.1 Material 19 3.1.1 The objects 19 3.1.2 The scope 19 3.2 Methods 19 3.2.1 Collecting and selecting data 19 3.2.2 Software 20 iii n 3.2.3 Flowchart of methodology 20 3.3 Image pre-processing 21 3.3.1 Radiometric correction 21 3.3.2 Geometric correction 22 3.4 Compute Modified Normalize Difference Water Index (MNDWI) 23 3.5 Overlay 24 PART IV RESULTS 25 4.1 Result of shoreline change detection map 25 4.1.1 Radiometric correction 25 4.1.2 Geometric correction 27 4.1.3 Compute Modified Normalize Difference Water Index (MNDWI) 28 4.1.4 Overlay 30 4.2 Shoreline change mapping in research area 31 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 38 5.1 Discussion 38 5.2 Conclusion 38 REFERENCES 39 iv n LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Different types of coasts in Taiwan Figure 1.2 Map of study area Figure 2.1 Typhoon routes and No of occurrence (1897 - 1997) Figure 2.2 Relative spectral response (RSR) profiles showing the spectral band difference between Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) (solid curve) and Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) (short dot curve) 12 Figure 3.1 The flowchart of analysis procedure 20 Figure 3.2 Band 7,4,2 21 Figure 3.3 Band 3,2,1 21 Figure 3.4 Band 4,3,2 21 Figure 4.1 Radiometric correction of Landsat 25 Figure 4.1a Original 25 Figure 4.1b Radiometric calibration 25 Figure 4.1c Region of interest 25 Figure 4.1d Dark object subtract 25 Figure 4.2 Radiometric correction of Landsat 26 Figure 4.2a Original 26 Figure 4.2b Radiometric calibration 26 Figure 4.2c Region of interest .26 Figure 4.2d Dark object subtract 26 Figure 4.3 Landsat image 2000 27 Figure 4.4 Landsat image 2015 27 vi n Figure 4.5 The registration between Landsat image 2000 and 2015 28 Figure 4.6 MNDWI (Landsat 7) 29 Figure 4.7 MNDWI (Landsat 8) 29 Figure 4.8 Overlay 30 Figure 4.9 Shoreline change detection map in Yilan county, 2000 - 2015 31 Figure 4.10 Shoreline change detection map in Waiao beach and Wushi port, 2000 2015 33 Figure 4.11 Shoreline change detection map at the south of Toucheng Township, 2000 - 2015 34 Figure 4.12 Shoreline change detection map at the coast of Zhuangwei Township, 2000 - 2015 35 Figure 4.13 Shoreline change detection map at the coast of Wujie Township, 2000 2015 36 Figure 4.14 Shoreline change detection map at the north of Su'ao Township, 2000 2015 37 vii n LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Satellite and sensor characteristics .19 viii n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CPAMI Construction and Planning Agency under the Ministry of the Interior CSRSR Center of Space and Remote Sensing Research DN Digital Number ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus GCP Ground Control Point GIS Geographic information system GPS Global Positioning System MNDWI Compute Modified Normalized Difference Water Index OLI Operational Land Imager RS Remote sensing RSR Relative Spectral Response SWIR Short-wave infrared ix n PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale The total length of Taiwan’s shoreline is approximately 1,100 kilometers including sand, rock, cliff, gravel and reef coasts Taiwan is frequently attacked by typhoons, particularly serious in the Yilan County of northeastern Taiwan (Figure 1.1), and shoreline erosion is a major concern to local residents There always exists a panic among residents whenever a typhoon strikes because typhoons inevitably cause a threat to their safety and property The Yilan County is an alluvial plain surrounded by mountains on three sides, and its east coast borders the Pacific Ocean with a coast length of about 103 km from north to south The shoreline of the Yilan County can be divided into three coastal types: Jiaosi fault; Lanyang alluvial; and Suhua fault The topographical change of the Jiaosi and Suhua faults is little because the geological structures of both faults compose of sea rocks and coastal cliffs Therefore, this study focuses mainly on the 33-km sandy beach along the coast between Toucheng and Suao (Figure 1.2) Figure 1.1: Different types of coasts in Taiwan Figure 1.2: Map of study area n Figure 4.5: The registration between Landsat image 2000 and 2015 4.1.3 Normalized Compute Modified Difference Water Index (MNDWI) In this research we use the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) as it can efficiently suppress from the water information the noise coming from built-up land, vegetation and soil 28 n Figure 4.6: MNDWI (Landsat 7) Figure 4.7: MNDWI (Landsat 8) 29 n 4.1.4 Overlay Figure 4.8: Overlay 30 n 4.2 Shoreline change mapping in research area Figure 4.9: Shoreline change detection map in Yilan county, 2000 - 2015 31 n The changes of shoreline in significant area On the North Coast of Yilan, artificial harbors have been constructed by building a series of breakwaters and jetties When an artificial harbor is built in an area that is subject to high-energy wave action, it will invariably interrupt the longshore flow of sand This will cause serious downdrift erosion Some harbor designs force the longshore current to make a 90-degree turn towards the ocean This causes a large rip current that may carry sand offshore that might otherwise remain in the surf zone This will have the effect of completely changing the shape of the ocean bottom An artificial harbor mouth can act as a trap for the longshore sand transport causing it to clog up with sand, which makes costly periodic dredging projects necessary 32 n Figure 4.10: Shoreline change detection map at Waiao beach and Wushi port, 2000 - 2015 33 n Toucheng faces east towards the Pacific and is backed by mountain from the north and east It has a coastline that stretches for 28km, which also presents in varying ways This long coastline served an important role since the Qing Dynasty, as an important business town The present helping Street is the best proof of this Figure 4.11: Shoreline change detection map at the south of Toucheng Township, 2000 - 2015 34 n Figure 4.12: Shoreline change detection map at the coast of Zhuangwei Township, 2000 - 2015 35 n Figure 4.13: Shoreline change detection map at the coast of Wujie Township, 2000 - 2015 36 n Figure 4.14: Shoreline change detection map at the north of Su’ao Township, 2000 - 2015 37 n PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion Comparing the derived coastlines enables us to observe and calculate the areas of erosion and deposition in each stage Landsat imagery with 30 meters resolution is provided free by NASA that is appropriated for observing in a large area such as Yilan county The result is useful for studying the changing rates and the factors of the erosion and deposition in Mekong river delta This research also provides the useful information for land-use planning, as well as warning and finding out methods to overcome the consequence of rising sea level in future However, non-continuous data of Landsat satellite images by cloud coverage that makes results are not objective and balance when dividing range of time This method can be applied more effectively and accurately with different images that recorded continuously 5.2 Conclusion Taiwan is located in a monsoon area where typhoons strike frequently, and a large percent of the island's sandy beaches has undergone erosion to an alarming rate over the past decades This study investigates the observation data of shoreline changes collected during 2000 – 2015 at seven sandy beaches of the Yilan County The shorelines of these beaches appeared to have significantly periodic variations 38 n REFERENCE Armah, F A (2009) GIS-based Assessment of Short Term Shoreline Changes in the Coastal Erosion-Sensitive Zone of 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