GV Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook lopcoquynhtrang Moon vn Học để khẳng định mình 1 Hotline 0432 99 98 98 Lý thuyết và 432 Bài tập về Câu gián tiếp CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech) I PHÂN BIỆT CÂU TRỰC T[.]
GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang Lý thuyết 432 Bài tập Câu gián tiếp CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Reported speech) I- PHÂN BIỆT CÂU TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp - Câu trực tiếp câu nói trích dẫn lại nguyên văn thường để dấu ngoặc kép (“… ”) Ví dụ: + Mary said “ I don’t like ice-cream” (Cơ nói rằng: “Tơi khơng thích kem”.) Ta thấy dấu ngoặc kép lời nói trực tiếp Mary trích dẫn lại cách nguyên văn - Câu gián tiếp câu tường thuật lại lời nói người khác theo ý người tường thuật ý nghĩa không thay đổi Ví dụ: + Mary said that she didn’t like ice-cream (Mary nói khơng thích kem.) Ta thấy câu nói Mary tường thuật lại theo cách nói người tường thuật ý nghĩa giữ nguyên II- CÁC CÁCH TƯỜNG THUẬT TỪ CÂU NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU NĨI GIÁN TIẾP Ta cần phân tích cấu trúc câu trực tiếp câu gián tiếp qua ví dụ sau: - My mother said “I want you to study harder.” (Mẹ tơi nói “Mẹ muốn học hành chăm hơn.) Ta có: - Động từ “said” gọi “Động từ giới thiệu” - Động từ “want” động từ câu trực tiếp - “I” chủ ngữ câu trực tiếp - “you” tân ngữ câu trực tiếp - My mother said / told me that she wanted me to study harder (Mẹ tơi bà muốn tơi học hành chăm hơn) Ta thấy thành phần “động từ giới thiệu”, động từ chính, đại từ (I/you/…) câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi Vậy thành phần cần biến đổi, biến đổi nào, ta vào loại câu cụ thể Các thành phần cần biến đổi câu gián tiếp: * Các đại từ: Ta cần thay đổi đại từ cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh câu * Thay đổi câu: Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi khứ Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn Hiện tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn: will/ shall -> would/ should Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to * Thay đổi số động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp can could will would shall should must had to may might * Thay đổi Đại từ Các đại từ nhân xưng đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi bả Đại từ Câu trực tiếp Đại từ nhân xưng I Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ định Câu gián tiếp he/she we they you they/I/he/her me him/her us them you them/me/him/her my her/his our their your them/my/his/her mine his/hers ours theirs yours theirs/mine/his/hers this that these those Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang * Các trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian: Trực tiếp Here Now Today Ago Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Yesterday The day before yesterday Next week Last week Last year Gián tiếp There Then That day Before The next day / the following day In two day’s time / two days after The day before / the previous day Two day before The following week The previous week / the week before The previous year / the year before Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu trần thuật (là câu khẳng định mang nghĩa kể lại, trần thuật lại điều đó) - Ta cần biến đổi đại từ cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa câu - Các động từ giới thiệu thường dùng là: say (that), tell sb (that) * Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia tại, tương lai: -> ta khơng cần lùi động từ câu gián tiếp Ví dụ: - She says “I don’t want to stay at home every day.” -> She says / tells me that she doesn’t want to stay at home every day Ta thấy dấu ngoặc kép câu trần thuật, động từ giới thiệu “says” chia đơn nên động từ câu trực tiếp không lùi (giữ nguyên thì) câu gián tiếp Các đại từ cần thay đổi cho phù hợp nghĩa là: I -> she * Nếu động từ giới thiệu chia khứ: -> Ta cần lùi động từ câu gián tiếp Ví dụ: - She said “My father is travelling in America” -> She said that her father was travelling in America Ta thấy động từ giới thiệu “said” chia khứ đơn nên động từ câu trực tiếp (chia tiếp diễn) phải lùi câu gián tiếp (thì khứ tiếp diễn) Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi * Nếu dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi khơng có từ hỏi -> Trong câu gián tiếp thêm “if” “whether” mệnh đề theo sau biến đổi dạng khẳng định -> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder Ví dụ: - She said “Do you want to go with me?” -> She asked if I wanted to go with her - Mary said “Do you go to school by bus, Peter?” -> Mary asked Peter whether he went to school by bus * Nếu dấu ngoặc kép câu hỏi có từ hỏi (what/where/when/how/who/…) Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang -> Trong câu gián tiếp phải biến đổi mệnh đề sau từ hỏi dạng khẳng định -> Động từ giới thiệu thường sử dụng: ask, wonder, want to know Ví dụ: - He asked “what time will you come?” -> He asked what time I would come Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu mệnh lệnh thức -> Ta xét nghĩa câu sử dụng cấu trúc cho phù hợp * Khi câu mệnh lệnh thức dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa yêu cầu, đề nghị làm ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - tell/ ask/ require/ request/ demand + sb + to st: Yêu cầu, đề nghị hay địi hỏi làm Ví dụ: - She said to me “close the door!” -> She asked me to close the door * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa lệnh ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - order sb to st: lệnh cho làm - He said to me angrily “go out!” -> He ordered me to go out Các trường hợp khác: * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa đề nghị làm cho ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - offer to st: - He said “Shall I make you a cup of coffee?” -> He offered to make me a cup of coffee *Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa khuyên bảo ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - advise sb to st: khuyên nên làm Ví dụ: - He said to me “You should go to bed early” -> He advised me to go to bed early * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa mời mọc ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau: - invite sb to st Ví dụ: - My friend said “Will you go the zoo with me?” -> My friend friend invited me to go to the zoo with her * Khi dấu ngoặc kép câu cảm thán ta sử dụng động từ “exclaim” Ví dụ: - She said “What an intelligent boy!” -> She exclaimed that the boy was intelligent * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa xin lỗi ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - apologize (to sb) for st/ for doing st: xin lỗi (ai) điều gì/ làm Ví dụ: - She said "I'm sorry I'm late." -> She apologized for being late * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa nhắc nhở ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - remind sb to st: Nhắc nhở làm Ví dụ: - My mother said "Don't forget to bring your umbrella." -> My mother reminded me to bring my umbrella Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang * Khi dấu ngoặc kép mang nghĩa buộc tội ta sử dụng cấu trúc: - accuse sb of st/ doing st: Buộc tội điều gì/ làm Ví dụ: - She said "No one else but you did it." -> She accused me of doing it Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang BÀI TẬP Bài 1: Viết lại câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp “Open the door,” he said to them -He told them “Where are you going?” he asked her -He asked her where “Which way did they go?” he asked -He asked “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her -I told “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us -She told “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her -I asked her “He’s not at home”, she said -She said that “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked -The girl wanted to know “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said -Tom told Ann 10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her -He asked 11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked -Thomas asked Jean 12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said -I told Mary 13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said She said that 14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said -She said that 15 “What are you going to next summer?” she asked - She asked us 16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack -He told Jack that 17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked -Tom asked Jean 18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said -He said that 19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us -He told us 20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang -I asked him how long 21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me -She wanted to know 22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us -She asked us 23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me -She invited me 24 “Don’t it again,” she said to them She told them 25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked -She asked 26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said -She told 27 “What you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked -Mary asked 28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter - Peter asked if 29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager -The office manager wondered 30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John -John advised Elizabeth 31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John -John accused 32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary -Mary accused 33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley -The nurse asked Mrs Bingley 34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said -The doctor advised 35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself -Tim wondered 36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan -Paul apologized 37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked - Martha asked Peter when 38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother -Anna asked 39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said - William’s mother told 40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son -Mrs Rogers told 41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang -George said 42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car -Martin apologized 43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us -The landlady asked 44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary -Mary asked 45 “Breakfast will not be served after 30” said the notice -The notice said that 46 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?” -I asked 47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow” - She reminded me 48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys -The teacher told the boys……………………………………… 49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson - The interviewer asked 50 “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness - The officer wanted to know Bài 2: "Where is my umbrella?" she asked She asked "How are you?" Martin asked us Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" He asked "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter The mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked She wanted to know "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me He wanted to know The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know "How you know that?" she asked me She asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me My friend asked me Bài 3: Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang "What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me 10 "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins Bài "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be patient," she said to him → She told him "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us 10 "Mind your own business," she told him Bài 5: "Don't touch it," she said to him → She told him "Don't that again," he said to me → He told me Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định Hotline: 0432 99 98 98 GV: Nguyễn Quỳnh Trang Facebook: lopcoquynhtrang "Don't talk to me like that," he said → He told her "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him → She warned him "Don't let him in," she said → She told me "Don't go out without me," he begged her → He begged her "Don't forget your bag," she told me → She told me "Don't eat in the lab," the chemistry teacher said → The chemistry teacher told his students "Don't give yourself up," he advised her → He advised her 10 "Don't hurt yourselves, boys," she said → She told the boys Bài 6: She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me "Don't be late," he advised us → He advised us "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him "Don't be angry with me," he said → He asked her "Leave me alone," she said → She told me "Don't drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us "John, stop smoking," she said → She told John "Don't worry about us," they said → They told her 10 "Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me Bài 7: He said, "I like this song." → He said "Where is your sister?" she asked me → She asked me "I don't speak Italian," she said → She said Moon.vn - Học để khẳng định 10 Hotline: 0432 99 98 98