The auditing process of payroll and personnel cycle in manufacturing companies implemented by ernst and young compan

ACKNOWLEDGE First of all, I would like to send my deep thanks to PhD Ngo Tri Trung who has guided me from the beginning of my implementation until the topic "The auditing process of payroll and personnel cycle in manufacturing companies implemented by Ernst and Young company" completed Thank you very much for your precious guidance so that you can bravely carry on and believe in your graduation thesis I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of the researchers, experts, my friends and especially Ernst and Young Vietnam Co., Ltd which help me a lot to complete the thesis And above all, I want to send my deepest gratitude to my family, who have encouraged, encouraged, and given me the most favorable conditions for me to complete this thesis STATUTORY DECLARATION I hereby declare that the Graduation Project “The auditing process of payroll and personnel cycle in manufacturing companies implemented by Ernst and Young company” is the results of my own research and has never been published in any work of others During the implementation process of this project, I have seriously taken research ethics; all findings of this projects are results of my own research and surveys; all references in this project are clearly cited according to regulations I bear full responsibility for the fidelity of the number and data and other contents of my graduation project Hanoi, (day) ……… (month) …… (year) 20… Student TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGE STATUTORY DECLARATION TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the research 1.2 Objectives of study .2 1.3 Scope of the study 1.4 Structure of the thesis 1.5 Methodologies and Data .2 1.6.1 Research method 1.6.2 Data source CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Features of payroll and personnel cycle 2.1.1 Nature and content of payroll and personnel cycle 2.1.2 The forms of payroll and accounting for payroll 10 2.1.3 Potential errors and frauds of payroll and payroll deductions 15 2.1.4 Internal control of payroll and payroll deductions .16 2.3 The process of auditing payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit 18 2.3.1 Audit planning 18 2.3.2 Audit implementation 23 2.3.3 Completing the audit 30 CHAPTER 32 PRACTICES OF AUDIT OF PAYROLL AND PERSONNEL CYCLE CONDUCTED BY ERNST AND YOUNG VIETNAM 32 3.1 The audit process conducted by EY Vietnam in ABC company and the necessity of audit payroll and payroll deductions in financial statement audit 32 3.1.1 Overview about audit process in EY Vietnam 32 3.1.2 The necessity of audit payroll and personnel cycle in financial statement audit .34 3.2 Sequence in auditing payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit at ABC Company 35 3.2.1 Audit planning for audit of payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit of ABC Company conducted by Deloitte Vietnam .35 3.2.2 Audit implementation 51 3.2.3 Completing audit of payroll and payroll deductions at client 76 3.3 Prepare audit report and management letter 78 CHAPTER 4: REVIEWS AUDIT PROCESSOF PAYROLL AND CYCLE CONDUCTED BY YOUNG VIETNAM CO., LTD 79 4.1 Reviews about current situation of auditing payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit conducted by EY Vietnam Co., Ltd 79 4.1.1 Advantages 79 4.1.2 Disadvantages 81 4.1.3 The introduction of new EY assistance program 81 REFERENCE 83 APPENDIX 85 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning ARP Analytical review procedures ABC EY ABC Limited Company Ernst and Yong Vietnam Limited Company FS GL Financial statements General Ledger LS PM Leadsheet Planning materiality SAD TE Summary of Audit Difference Tolerable errors TOC TOD Test of control Test of detail WCGW What could go wrong? LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Guideline on how to identify PM of Ernst and Young Company Table 1-2: Combined Risk Assessment Table 1-3:The guildance threshold levels on the deatailed balance Table 2-1: The ratio of payroll deduction 12 Table 2.2: Audit procedures for transaction of salary expenses during the period .27 Table 2-3: Audit procedures for closing balances of salary 29 Table 2-4 Audit procedures for closing balances of salary deductions 30 Table 3.1:Audit process applied by EY Vietnam 33 Table 3-2: Understanding Customer’s Information .36 Table 3-3: Information related to payroll and personnel cycle at ABC Company 38 Table 3-4: Determining PM, TE, SAD for financial statement audit of ABC Company for the year 2018 44 Item .44 Table 3-5: Combined Risk Assessment 44 Table 3-6 :Initial questionnaire on control risk for the salary cycle and personnel of ABC Company 45 Table 3-7: Analytics for Personal income tax Summary .67 Table 3-8: Summary and analytics for personal income tax 75 Figure 2-1: Accounts in payroll and personnel cycle .14 Figure 2-2: The entries for payroll and payroll deduction in Vietnam accounting system 15 Figure 3-1: Quote of the model audit program when performing analysis procedure of payroll and payroll deductions 47 Figure 3-2: Quote of the model audit program when performing test of detail procedure of payroll and payroll deduction 49 Figure 3-3: Test of detail for payroll deductions 73 Figure 3-4: Audit minute .77 Worksheet 3-1: Reviewing contract 52 Worksheet 3-2: Analysis in detailed of account payable, payroll expense to employees and Leadsheet 53 Worksheet 3-3: Reconciliation of employee payable, payroll expense 55 Work sheet 3-4: Reconcile between salary expense and collected information from HR Department .59 Worksheet 3-5: Analytics, Reconciliation for account 338 60 Worksheet 3-6: Estimate payroll table by test of detail procedure 69 Worksheet 3-7: Test of detail for payment of salary 70 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the research The audit industry is increasingly asserting its role in the world economy in general and Vietnam's economy in particular The development is expressed in both quality and quantity, increasing in quantity is proportional to the substance Besides, the number of people who know about auditing profession, know about auditor's work is getting more and more and their trust in audit reports is also increasing Moreover, the Vietnamese stock market is in the early stages of development and needs more and more honest and objective opinions of the auditors about the financial statements of listed companies in order to be able to operate smoothly With the process of formation and development almost parallel to the process of formation and development of Vietnam auditing industry, Ernst & Young Vietnam Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as EY Vietnam) still has, is and will confirm the important role and solid position as the leading person leading the rise of Vietnam's audit industry In an audit of financial statements, the salary cycle and personnel are an indispensable part On the one hand, the salary is economically significant for every business, is included in the cost and accounts for a large part of the total cost of auditing customers Moreover, labor is an important factor in the value of inventories in manufacturing and construction enterprises, if the classification and division of unreasonable labor can have a significant impact on net profit Another reason for the important wage cycle is that the use of inefficient or fraudulent labor will cause waste in the use of enterprise resources On the other hand, salary not only brings economic meaning but also social meaning Whether the size of a large or small customer, a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise or a foreigninvested enterprise, requires a workforce to conduct business and production activities Whether or not the staff is highly productive depends mainly on how much they are paid for the effort and time they spend That is the salary If they not achieve this income expectation, they will not devote their energy to the work that stagnates in productivity Even strikes are possible Being aware of the importance of the salary cycle and personnel through the internship at Ernst and Young Vietnam Co., Ltd., I would like to select the topic: “The auditing process of payroll and personnel cycle in manufacturing companies implemented by Ernst and Young company.” 1.2 Objectives of study The ultimate goal of the thesis is to Clarify the process of auditing payroll and personnel cycle in ABC company Illustrate the viewpoints on the auditing payroll process 1.3 Scope of the study The thesis will focus purely on the the process of auditing payroll in manufacturing company The data and documents of the ABC company in the study are provided by Ernst& Young company Besides, reliable information sources sush as published books, internal Ernst& Young documents, reports and articles via Vietnam Goverment website or written by professional experts have contributed to the thesis accomplishment 1.4 Structure of the thesis    The thesis consists of three parts:  Chapter 1: The introduction of the thesis  Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework on Audit of Payroll and Personnel cycle in Financial Audits  Chapter 3: The current situation of audit of payroll and personnel cycle in financial statements audit of ABC Company conducted by Deloitte Vietnam Co., Ltd  Chapter 4: Reviews on audit of payroll and personnel cycle in financial statements audit conducted by Ernst and Young Vietnam Vietnam Co., Ltd 1.5 Methodologies and Data A literature review is necessary to build of a system of theoratical framework which aims at providing background audit of payroll and personnel cycle, then with given a typical manufacturing company in this case of ABC, the thesis will show how to Ernst and Young company implements the audit process of payroll and personnel cycle in ABC company Besides, there would be a system of payroll questionnaire set up to summerize opinions from sources of qualified audit people who work at Ernst & Young company such as partners, managers, seniors or staffs 1.6.1 Research method The thesis is going to use Data Collection, Qualitative Analysis Accoring to information provided via website of University of Minnestora (Minnesota), the data collection technique is “Information are collected to have background; literature review to support analysis” This unniversity also recommends some types the Data Collection Techniques, in which employed to server this thesis; they interviews, observation, questionnaires, focus groups Quanlitative method which is a type of scientific research to obtain culturally specific information about the values,opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular population (Quanlitative Research Methods: A Data collection' Field Guide, 2005).This method used to collected opinions about the effectiveness of the process of auditing payroll and personnel cycles conducted by Ernst& Young company given by the focus groups’ view The opinions obtained by interview a targeted group including 10 qualified people, they are seven managers and three partners working for Ernsr & Young company During the talk, they gave the opinion about what Ernst & Young achieves or does well in the terms of conducting audit process for auditting payroll and personnel cycle as well as their concerned about the barriers or challeging As a result, their views will be revealed in the Chapter 4: “Reviews about current situation of auditing payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit conducted by EY Vietnam Co., Ltd” Basing on the “AQR” which is Annual Quality Review, questionnaire system obtainning previous year, the following questions are designed in the terms of similar manner How comprehensively have Ernst & Young auditor implemented works in preparation step? How to reduce substantive tests, enhance performance of the audit in the process of auditting payroll and personnel cycle? Is there any difficulty in implementing the payroll audit program when applied to a variety of business categories? What are the difficulties and limitations for auditors when conducting salary audits? Besides, This thesis also carries out a typical interview question relating to the process of setting PM & TE conducted by senior auditor which use to provide sufficient information for any audit program The question is “Was the engagement team's determination of planning materiality (PM), tolerable error (TE), and the nominal amount to use in posting audit differences appropriate and correctly documented? Which could be presented in the “2.3.1.5 Mateiality and audit risk section” Findings: steps is answering the question raised in the “1.6.1 research method” (Trường, 2019)  Step 1: At the level of overall financial statement – the planning and materiality determination The determination of performance material (PM) relies on subjective judgment of the chairman or senior (audit team leader) and depends on each customer characteristics as well as the possibility of errors Usually, Pre- tax profit, total asset, equity or net revenue is considered as a bench mark to calculate EY Canvas of Ernst & Young Vietnam company has detailed guideline on how to identify PM Table 1-1: Guideline on how to identify PM of Ernst and Young Company Basement Rate (%) Profit before tax – 10 Clients who have stable profits every year Revenue 0,5 – Business customers that suffer losses or have low profit or high risk Gross profit 1–2 Business customers who lose money or have low profit Equity 1–5 New customers come into operation or audited first year Total asset 0,25 – 0,5 Conditions (Internal EY source) Step 2: At the level of general and administrative expense item – The tolerable errors identification Test of detail for acc 334 Tes to Code 16/7/2018 15/6/2018 16/08/2018 16/04/2018 16/02/2018 26/01/2018 16/03/2018 16/01/2018 16/11/2018 10 16/08/2018 11 11/12/'2018 12 21/01/2018 Description Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee Payment to employee DR Cr Bank receipt or payment voucher SEA015:Bang Khung chi tiet dt 16/07/2018 SEA103: Bang liming chi tiet dt 15/06/2018 SEA05: Bang linh chi tiet: dt 16/08/2018 SEA014: Bang Iiming chi tiet dt 16/04/2018 SEA071: Bang Iiming chi tiet dt 16/02/2018 SEA039Bang liming chi tiet di 26/01/2018 SEA125: Bang liming chi tiet di 16/03/2018 SEAD22 Bang liming chi tiet di 16/01/2018 SEA058: Bang Iiming chi tiet dt 16/11/2018 SEA060: Bang Iiming chi tiet dt 16/08/2018 SEA098: Bang liming chi tiet dt 11/12/2018 S0 0000101 Công ty TN-11- 21/01/2018 Amount 3341 11215 26,231,431,231 3341 11215 22,665,070,236 3341 11215 21,711,611,606 3341 11215 21,421,545,105 3341 11215 21,118,404,822 3341 11215 19,941,026,142 3341 11215 19,741,946,643 3341 11215 19,218,982,675 3341 11215 23,119,557,757 3341 11215 23,068,225,712 3341 3311 22,623,378,399 4432 3311 973,270,000 80 Date Amount Dif 16/7/2018 26,231,431,231 - 15/6/2018 22,665,070,236 - 16/08/2018 21,711,611,606 - 16/04/2018 21,421,545,105 - 16/02/2018 21,118,404,822 - 26/01/2018 19,941,026,142 - 16/03/2018 19,741,946,643 - 16/01/2018 19,218,982,675 - 16/11/2018 23,119,557,757 - 16/08/2018 23,068,225,712 - 11/12/'2018 22,623,378,399 - 21/01/2018 973,270,000 - This WP above illustrates how to perform test of detail of payment for payroll of ABC Company during the year 2018 From sample size calculated above, the transactions which is huge amoun or unusually will be selected by auditor to test to bank receipt or payment voucher The date in these documents should be equal to the recorded amount and amount in time sheet collecting from HR Department Furthermore, the right and obligation should be tested by auditor to ensure that the payment is paid to right employee with appropriate amount and time Thirdly, the performance of test of detail for payroll deductions Relying on the payable employees items, clien’s insurance notice, the auditor conducts salary deduction estimation, and then compares it with the record of the company on the book and finds remarkable points to pay more attention.This procedure is a combination of analytical procedures and detailed testing Figure 3-3: Test of detail for payroll deductions PM 33,812,492,489 TE 16,906,246,244 Threshold 4,226,561,561.07 81 Less than threshold so pas b, Occurance of allowance of SI Check final payment of social insurance at the employer Q4 2018 of Hai Duong insurance authority Occurance of allowance SI Occurance of allowance SI 11,615,023,400 Per recorded 11,615,023,400 Dif - >> Agree c, Ending balance Balance of socila insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance: check the note of Hai Duong social insurance agency Balance carry forward: 621, 041,176 VNĐ equal to the note of Hai Duong social insurance agency d, Check equation of calculating insurance Auditor combines when testing payroll equation in sheet payroll Conclusion Meet objective Fourthly, the auditor will conduct the test of detail for personal income tax At ABC Company, personal income tax is also calculated by the administration department Although the number of individuals who have responsibility with income tax are quite low, auditors carry out investigation and recalculation for some individuals The Auditor with obtain monthly PIT declarations to reconcile the deducted amounts of employee 82 Table 3-8: Summary and analytics for personal income tax Month Amount on Declaration Ref 138,300,774 VB01 126,220,333 VB02 138,934,006 VB03 135,098,763 VB04 131,483,472 VB05 131,790,819 VB06 138,724,406 VB07 137,516,210 VB08 137,602,440 VB09 10 137,465,358 VB10 11 135,335,700 VB11 12 136,828,493 VB12 Sum 1,625,300,774 Per recorded 1,625,300,778 Dif 83 Less than Threshold > pass After performing all these procedures, the auditor shall make conclusion on issues arising on the aggregate index of each item 3.2.3 Completing audit of payroll and payroll deductions at client 3.2.3.1 Summary audit result, assess work papers After accomplishing the compulsory procedures relating to the payroll and personell cycle, the auditors summurize dominant issues affecting material aspects of financial statements and aggregate the related audit evidence The audit members must send the working papers and get consensus of audit senior in charge relating to the audit results The audit senior in charge and audit manager then will review the working papers, synthesize auditing evidences collected for each item, and consider relations between the compartments for compiling audit minute During the revision process, the audit senior in charge finds out that procedures have not been fully implemented, he / she may request the members of assigned audit team to correct and supplement them The entries and adjustments relating to the payroll and personnel cycle of ABC Company have been collected It must be appropriate entry adjusments in terms of content and value 3.2.3.2 Prepare audit minute After reviewing the results of all actions, the audit minutes must be produced by audit senior in charge, in which adjusted entris and arising issues will be sumed up in the course of the audit to communicate with customers For ABC company, after performing the audit procedures, the auditor did not detect any material misstatement Therefore, there are no adjustments or reclassification entries related to the item of payroll and payroll deductions proposed A model audit minute is presented as below: 84 Figure 3-4: Audit minute ABC Company Summary for financial statements audit ending 31 December 2018 ABC Company Mr Kim H General Director Mr Kim K Vice – General Director Ms Khuong Thu T Chief Accountant Deloitte Vietnam Ltd Company Nguyễn Thi Thanh Audit partner Nguyễn Thị Hằng Audit manager Nguyễn Thị Hương Audit senior Arising issues A Tax issues and compliance Investor information on the investment certificate Expanded investment Hire domestic enterprises to process Assets invested in subsidiaries Records dealing with affiliates Final settlement of personal income tax returns home in the year B Accounting issues Managing outstanding debts Cost method of inventories and cost of goods sold Reclassify other income 10 Adjustments from undistributed profits 11 Recognition construction in progress 12 Provision for long-term investment 13 Change accounting estimates: time using of assets C Pending documents D List of adjustment entries E Plan of establishing audit report Draft of audit report: 14 February 2019 Official audit report: 25 February 2019 85 3.3 Prepare audit report and management letter After having consensus on the adjustment of errors in the financial statements, , there are following issues that the auditors must continue to collect additional evidence such as subsequent event arising after closing date and their effects on the financial statements During the process of preparing report, the auditor finds no material issues related to the ABC's payroll and personnel cycle which affect the financial statements, the auditor could give his / her full acceptance Management letter after that will be sent to ABC Company to issue under the terms of the audit contract Last but not least, the auditor will make appropriate recommendations on how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of accounting More particularly, the company should consider upgrading computer software, avoiding the case where detail books cannot display counterpart accounts when entering double entry, making difficulty to re-check and perform audit 86 CHAPTER 4: REVIEWS AUDIT PROCESSOF PAYROLL AND CYCLE CONDUCTED BY YOUNG VIETNAM CO., LTD 4.1 Reviews about current situation of auditing payroll and payroll deductions in financial statements audit conducted by EY Vietnam Co., Ltd 4.1.1 Advantages Auditing payroll and personnel cycle is an important part of EY Vietnam's audits Durrign the the audit process, the complusory procedures are carried out in comply with the requirements of the standard while ensuring within the time frame and cost of an audit in order to ensure the quality of the audit This requỉrements are meet only if the auditor has required capacity and the role of the auditing company in arranging, organizing, guiding and supervising the technicians, as well as the construction general standards for work is appropriate In reality, the quality of the overall financial statements audit as a whole and the quality of EY's audit for payroll and personnel cycle as typical have always been high, giving confidence to clients and creating credibility in the auditing industry in Vietnam, which is because of some advantages of using the audit process in audit of payroll and payroll deductions conducted by EY Vietnam according to the result of interview with EY staffs Firstly, during preparation of the payroll and personnel cycle, the auditors have implemented works completely and detail The importance of payroll and payroll deductions require auditor to concentrate on the sense of comprehensive and detailed investigation of the business sector, organizational structure and internal control system, accounting system, as well as the characteristics of payroll So that, evaluating the extent to this item has essential effect on the entire financial statements and other necessary information obtained to support the audit process Having thorough insights into customer information and items brings auditor a broader perspective, from which to build effective audit plan and minimize the risk Furthermore, The EY canvas, a audit software, serve a mutifunctional tool as it supports the audit program for any clients, stores the working papers in a scientific organized way EY canvas is required to be managed in order to easily look up and update information 87 In addition, each cycle has the own guidline used to outline the steps to be taken set up in the EY canvas, and the payroll and personnel cycle is not exceptional Besides,the detailed audit plan is also developed in a concrete way, clear manner This plan follows the standard procedure of EY Global meanwhile still ensuring the suitability of the expense item at the customer Hence, prior to perform audit of payroll and payroll deductions, auditor could proactively allocate time, focus on key tasks, and plan to gather the necessary materials right from the beginning These improve audit quality while saving time and cost Secondly, effective test of controls effectively reduces substantive tests, then enhance performance of the audit The audit process of payroll and personnel cycle depends on largely how effectively client’s internal control is if the customer's internal control system does not work effectively, it will result in many mistakes affecting this item Therefore, durring the audit program, the auditors try to minimize the risks posed by the internal control system, facilitate the development of fundamental tests with the aim of ensuring audit objectives and cost savings, so apparently, EY's auditors pay great attention to the implementation of tests of control of payroll and payroll deductions During the audit process, auditor continuously investigates, identifies, summarizes and explains the control procedures of customers for payroll items and deductions in all stages in detail before perform tests of control; this aims at improving the effectiveness of test of control procedure Furthermore, it is really supportive for auditor when EY Vietnam has s available list of questions used to assess control risk for payroll and personnel cycle, so that auditors can refer to this list to apply on each specific audit Thirdly, as for variety of business model, EY Vietnam set up a flexible the model audit program (MAP) for payroll and personnel cycle which can be applied for many kinds of client The model audit program embeds the necessary procedure used to control most of the risks that may occur for payroll and payroll deductions This lower the workload and time for auditors to set up audit program for each client For instance, with specific clients, auditor looks at the unique characteristics to design audit program based on available model audit program Besides, EY auditor alway updates morden techniques to serve the process of obtaining audit evidence This helps model audit program become more flexible for 88 any different kind of customers with different characteristics With the characteristics of each specific customer, especially the accounting system, auditor can considerably reduce or add audit procedures if necessary In the audit process, auditor has combined many audit techniques to collect audit evidences in order to gather the most effective evidence to improve the quality of the audit 4.1.2 Disadvantages On the other eagle, there are still many difficulties and limitations for auditor when use and apply, and in some cases, it does not cover all objects Specific: First the need to co-operate with third parties is not at high level which then affecting to the effectiveness of using audit procedures The auditors find difficulty in obtaining evidence for the third party This is maybe because of the low legal status of independent audit As a result in many situations in which to obtain audit evidence, such as confirmation letters of receivables, payables, payments, or consignments, or sales contracts , auditors must send confirmation letters several times or call request to receive a response letter, even in many cases, despite many different procedures, auditors still cannot receive any response from the third party, which led to the loss of time and costs that affected the progress of the audit Second, there are some limitation in the way of allocating audit resources Auditing resources are sometimes assigned improperly Usually the assignment of personnel and time will be done on the company system However, due to the large number of customers, the high volume of work and the time may be changed, there are sometimes a need to expand the audit time at the clients, while the auditing schedule of staff has been listed before a month, leading to the transfer of personnel from one audit team to another, causing to a disturbance in the audit team, which can result in costly time to re-learn about customers, the work of previous auditors are doing unfinished, sometimes caused some discomfort from the customer In addition, there is a lack of human resources involved in conducting audits that make the workload of an auditor has responsible for is quite large, leading to the inefficiency of the work 4.1.3 The introduction of new EY assistance program EY Helix, a modern technological program, introduced on 5th June 2017 wordwide and launched in Vietnam on 26th December 2018 This program 89 designed by EY Global and is compulsory application It serves as a effective tool to check for abnormal transaction identification (JE testing as a transaction on weekends) and features analysis of fluctuations in revenue, debt, debt age, Currently EY has deployed EY Helix to apply for transaction checking (JE testing) and support analytical work However, there are still some limitations why applying this program because of some following reasons The information required to input data for Helix need more information that many Vietnamese companies not fully declare or still use the old accounting software The application process seems ineffectively for the small and small company model which is large enough to apply The requirements in this form are much information that many businesses not have full data declaration yet, so they have to process for a long time but the effect is not high Therefore, although the application of EY Helix is the compulsory in terms of EY Global requiment, it seems impractical in Vietnam The Apendix showing the template and detailed instruction when applying EY helix for payroll and personnel cycle 90 REFERENCE Alvin A., Randal J Elder, Mark S Beasley, Chris E Hogan (2017) Audit report In Auditing and Assurance Sercive (p 84) Pearson Alvin Aren, Randal J Elder, Mark S Beasley, Chris E Hogan (2016) Audit of the payroll and personnerl cycle In Auditing and Assurance Service (p 896) Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited Das, K (2018, January 3) Vietnam's News Payroll Obligation in 2018 Retrieved from Vietnam- briefing: https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnam-new-payrollobligations-2018.html/ Hall, C (2017, October 14) Retrieved from CPA Hall Talk: https://cpahalltalk.com/auditing-payroll/#comments Hallaperä, R (2017) Finnish payroll accounting and essential functions in an accounting software University of Applied Science Health Insurnace Law (No 46/2014/QH13 June 13, 2014) Huu, T (2018, November 6) Retrieved from Thuvienphapluat: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/tintuc/vn/thong-bao-van-ban-moi/email/21830/chi-tietmuc-dong-bhxh-bhtn-bhyt-bhtnld-bnn-moi-nhat Labour Law, Article 22 (No 05/2015/NĐ-CP January 12, 2015) Lien, N (2018, December 22) Retrieved from Thuvienphapluat: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/news/headlines/22342/new-policies-on-employmentand-wages-coming-into-force-from-the-end-of-december-2018 Loan, A P (2014) Financial Accounting In Busincess In D T Loan, Financial Accounting In Busincess (p 67) Statistic Loughran, M (2010) The auditing for Dummies Wiley Publishing Inc., Loughran, M (2010) the human resource process: auditing personel practices In M Loughran, Auditing for dummies (p 205) Wiley Publishing, Inc Minnesota, U o (n.d.) Data collection techique Retrieved from University of Minnesota: https://cyfar.org/data-collection-techniques NATASHA MACK, CYNTHIA WOODSONG, KATHLEEN M MACQUEEN, GREG GUEST, EMILY NAMEY (2005) In Quanlitative Research Methods: A Data collection' Field Guide (p 137) Family health international Quynh, D N (2012) The Financial audit Hanoi: National Economics University region-based minimum wages applied to employees working under labor contracts, No 157/2018/ND-CP (Article November 16, 2018) Social Insurance law, article (No 58/2014/QH13 January 1, 2014) 91 Stephanie (2018, July 31) Statistics How To Retrieved from https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/primary-data-secondary/ the Government on prescribing the base salary , No 72/2018/ND-CP (May 15, 2018) Trường, L Đ (2019, 2) Was the engagement team's determination of planning materiality (PM), tolerable error (TE), and the nominal amount to use in posting audit differences appropriate and correctly documented? (L N Oanh, Interviewer) Trade Union Law (No.12/2012/QH13 June 18, 2012) Vu, L (2019, March 3) Retrieved from LuatVietnam: https://luatvietnam.vn/can-bo-congchuc/muc-luong-co-ban-nam-2019-566-19326-article.html William F Messier Jr, Steven M Glover Associate Professor, Douglas F Prawitt Associate Professor (2016) Auditing & Assurance Service: A Systematic Approach (Irwin Accounting) New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 10 edition 92 APPENDIX Apendix 1: EY Helix Data template for Payroll 93 94