The main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills

THE UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES THE FIRST ENGLISH LANGUAGE FACULTY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Erkinova Guliniso The main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills 5220100-Philology and teaching languages (The English language) for granting the bachelor’s degree QUALIFICATION PAPER “THE QUALIFICATION PAPER SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS: IS ADMITTED TO DEFENCE” Head of the Department of Bakirova H English Phonetics and phonology 2016 “ ” M.Chutpulatov “ ” 2016 Tashkent-2016 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I SUBJECT MATTER OF THE WRITING SKILLS IN LEARNING ENGLISH 1.1Literary review of teaching writing to ESL student……………… 1.2The role of the writing in teaching foreign language……………… CHAPTER II USEFUL STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE WRITING SKILLS 2.1Specific Strategies for Improving Student Writing Skills 2.2The influence of writing tactics on teaching English……………… CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING WRITING AND SUITABLE METHODS 1The methodology of teaching writing in ESL classroom 3.2Effective methods for teaching writing……………………………… CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY Introduction The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Abduganievich Karimov speaking about the future of Uzbekistan underlines that “Harmonious generation is the guarantee of prosperity” It is our task to prepare literate, professionally competent and energetic personnel, real patriots to see them in the world depository of science and culture In this plan national program about training personnel was worked out on the formation of the new generation of specialist “With the high common and professional culture, creative and social activity, with the ability to orientate in the social and political life independently, capable to raise and solve the problems to the perspective” Here the notable place is assigned to the general applied Linguistics which carries responsibility for such socially and scientifically important sphere of knowledge as lexicography, methods of language training, translation theory and so on Struggling writers are facing writing problems These problems are strategic that need strategic writing techniques to be solved Students with writing problems are not very thoughtful or are not going to a specific plan They approach writing as if it involves a single process content generation Paradoxically, their papers are impoverished in terms of content, vocab., organization, conventions and purpose The preceding writing skills need to be perfect The impoverished writing of struggling writers is in part a strategic problem because they have difficulty gaining access to the knowledge they have Strategic writers are those who are able to use writing strategies in different writing situations or those who are able to change writing strategies from theoretical part into practical one Writing is one of the most important skills in teaching English as a foreign language It reflects the power of students in mastering writing techniques, so the students need to be aware of writing as a process and Karimov.I.A Barkamol avlod orzusi.-Toshkent ma`naviyat 1997 Ta`lim haqidagi qonun, kadrlar tayyorlash milliy dasturi.-Toshkent:O`ZBEKISTON 1997 as a product as well Learning writing also includes the learning of writing skills, rules and conventions As a result, students should not only know these tactics but also know how to manage and control them The main purpose of strategic writing instruction is that learning to write includes the learning of mental procedures to produce writing and to control the production of writing The given qualification paper is devoted to the study of the main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills The actuality of the work is due to ever interesting and topical problem of the main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills colloquialism, which are expressions used in every day conversation but not considered appropriate for formal speech or written form The main aim of this qualification paper is the study of establishing ways of teaching writing, and developing students writing skills in writing of articles, essays, qualification papers and etc The task of the qualification paper is to analyze a main methods expression, and teaching main strategies of writing to students by qualified teachers The subject matter of this qualification paper is to study the function of writing techniques and teaching main methods of writing The object of investigation in our qualification is main methods and techniques of teaching writing to students and developing their skills The scientific novelty of the qualification paper is determined by the necessity of the study of the main methods and techniques of writing to students The methods used in the paper are comparative, componential, diachronic, and synchronic methods The theoretical significance of this qualification paper is that the theoretical positions of this paper can be used in compiling dictionaries and delivering lectures on lexicology and stylistics The practical value of the research is that material and the results of the given qualification work can serve the material for theoretical course of lexicology, stylistics, typology as well as can be used for practical lessons in translation, home-reading, conversational practice and current events The structure of this qualification paper includes: Introduction, Chapter I, Chapter II, Chapter III, Conclusion and List of used literature Introduction states the actuality, purposes, tasks and scientific and practical value of the work Chapter I is devoted to evidence based practicing writing, Chapter II deals with main strategies and tactics of writing Chapter III represents the methodology of writing Besides, they are the main part of the work which includes the theory and practice of the work Conclusion deals with the theoretical and practical results of a paper Finally the list of used literature is given Chapter I Subject matter of the writing skills in learning English 1.1 Literary review of teaching writing to ESL student Composing is a multifaceted assignment that includes the utilization and coordination of numerous intellectual procedures Because of its complexities, numerous understudies discover composing testing and numerous educators battle to discover strategies to successfully instruct the ability Counsel from expert authors and the encounters of fruitful written work educators offer some direction in creating sound composition hones Be that as it may, these records are every now and again in light of testimonials including the written work advancement of an individual or a solitary classroom This makes it hard to see how or why a composition technique was compelling and what components of the methodology would be vital to make it work in new circumstances Experimental investigations of composing intercessions give a more reliable way to deal with recognizing successful strategies for showing keeping in touch with; they supply confirmation of the extent of the impact of a written work mediation, how certain one can be in the study's outcomes, and how replicable the composition procedure is in new settings with new populaces of understudies Confirmation of the viability of every methodology or procedure was incorporated from exploration concentrates on that met a few criteria Initial, a proposal was not made unless there was at least four studies that demonstrated the adequacy of a written work intercession Second, in every study looked into, the execution of one gathering of understudies was contrasted with the execution of another gathering of understudies accepting an alternate written work intercession or no mediation by any means This allowed conclusions that every intercession recorded beneath brought about preferred composition execution over other written work methodologies or run of the mill composing instructing in the classroom Third, every study was investigated to guarantee it met norms for exploration quality and that study results were solid (decreasing the chance that blunder in appraisal added to the outcomes) Fourth, studies were just included if understudies' general written work quality was evaluated post-mediation This measure was utilized to recognize techniques that broadly affected written work execution, rather than those with a more restricted effect on a particular part of composing, for example, spelling or vocabulary Viable written work rehearses • Writing techniques: Explicitly show understudies systems for arranging, amending, and altering their composed items This may include showing general procedures (e.g., conceptualizing or altering) or more speci?c components, for example, ventures for composing an influential paper In either case, we suggest that educators show the technique, give help as understudies work on utilizing the procedure all alone, and take into consideration autonomous practice with the system once they have learned it • Summarizing content: Explicitly show understudies strategies for compressing what they read Rundown permits understudies to hone succinct, clear written work to pass on a precise message of the fundamental thoughts in a content Showing rundown composing can include unequivocal systems for delivering viable synopses or progressive blurring of models of a decent synopsis as understudies turn out to be more capable with the aptitude • Collaborative composition: Allow understudies to cooperate to arrange, compose, alter, and update their written work We prescribe that educators give a structure to helpful written work and unequivocal desires for individual execution inside their agreeable gatherings or associations For instance, if the class is chipping away at utilizing engaging descriptive words as a part of their structures, one understudy could be doled out to audit another's composition He or she could give positive criticism, noticing a few occasions of utilizing • Descriptive vocabulary, and give valuable criticism, recognizing a few sentences that could be improved with extra descriptors After this, the understudies could switch parts and rehash the procedure • Goals: Set particular objectives for the written work assignments that understudies are to finished The objectives can be set up by the instructor or made by the class themselves, with survey from the educator to guarantee they are fitting and achievable Objectives can incorporate (however are not restricted to) adding more thoughts to a paper or including particular components of a composition class (e.g., in a feeling exposition incorporate no less than three reasons supporting your conviction) Setting particular item objectives can encourage inspiration, and educators can keep on motivating understudies by giving fortification when they achieve their objectives • Word handling: Allow understudies to utilize a PC for finishing composed assignments With a PC, content can be included, erased, and moved effortlessly Moreover, understudies can get to instruments, for example, spell check, to improve their composed creations Similarly as with any innovation, educators ought to give direction on legitimate utilization of the PC and any applicable programming before understudies utilize the PC to form freely • Sentence joining: Explicitly instruct understudies to compose more mind boggling and refined sentences Sentence consolidating includes educator demonstrating of how to join two or more related sentences to make a more mind boggling one Understudies ought to be urged to apply the sentence development aptitudes as they compose or overhaul • Process composing: Implement adaptable, however functional classroom schedules that give understudies with stretched out chances to rehearsing the cycle of arranging, composing, and exploring their pieces The procedure approach additionally includes: composition for genuine gatherings of people, moral obligation regarding composed work, understudy to-understudy cooperations all through the written work procedure, and self-assessment of composing • Inquiry: Set composition assignments that require utilization of request aptitudes Fruitful request exercises incorporate building up an unmistakable objective for composing (e.g., compose an anecdote about clash in the play area), examination of solid information utilizing particular techniques (e.g., perception of understudies contending in the play area and recording their responses), and interpretation of what was found out into one or more pieces • Prewriting: Engage understudies in exercises preceding written work that help them deliver and sort out their thoughts Prewriting can include undertakings that urge understudies to get to what they definitely know, inquire about around a point they are not acquainted with, or mastermind their thoughts outwardly (e.g., realistic coordinator) before composing • Models: Provide understudies with great models of the kind of composing they are relied upon to deliver Instructors ought to break down the models with their class, urging understudies to mimic in their own written work the basic and compelling components appeared in the models What we know • Evidence-based practices for showing composing include: • Teaching procedures for arranging, updating, and altering • Having understudies compose synopses of writings • Permitting understudies to compose cooperatively with associates • Setting objectives for understudy composing • Allowing understudies to utilize a word processor • Teaching sentence joining aptitudes • Using the procedure composing approach • Having understudies take an interest in request exercises for composing • Involving understudies in prewriting exercises Providing models of good written work With any mix of showing methodologies an educator utilizes, understudies must be given sufficient time to compose Composing can't be a subject that is duped or bypassed because of time requirements In addition, for weaker scholars, extra time, individualized backing, and express instructing of interpretation abilities (i.e., penmanship, spelling, writing) might be essential For all understudies, educators ought to advance the improvement of self-control abilities Having understudies set objectives for their written work and learning, observing and assessing their accomplishment in meeting these objectives, and selffortifying their learning and composing endeavors places them in control, expanding freedom and adequacy Instructors ought to supplement their present composition practices and educational program with a blend of confirmation based practices that best addresses the issues of their understudies A mix of powerful written work rehearses No single procedure for showing composing will demonstrate powerful for all understudies Besides, the above methodologies don't constitute a written work educational programs Instructors ought to plan to supplement their present written work practices and educational module with a blend of the previously stated proof based composition hones The ideal blend of practices ought to be custom-made to best meet the composition needs of the class, and also the necessities of individual understudies It is particularly essential to screen the achievement of every procedure actualized to make certain that it is filling in as expected, and to make modification as required The Process Writing Method 10 trust that is a matter of utilizing the right systems for your circumstance Give me a chance to clarify How would I take in composing from seeing written work strategies? I unequivocally prescribe you read a considerable measure and figure out how great scholars it, on the grounds that this is what happens (and this is basic!): Through understanding you start to notice how great essayists take care of the issues that you confront in your own composition In case you're composing is dull, you read those essayists who are known fir a vivacious style On the off chance that you require your written work to be more convincing, discover those wirters who are famous fir that expertise Before long, you will build up the ability of pulling from the written work those components that you have to import into your own particular composition Thus, in the event that you needed to start tonight, I'd say begin with 'close perusing' and searching for the things beneath the surface of what great authors That is a propensity you can from quickly How composing strategies will change your written work, you're perusing, and your appreciation Let's get straight to the point about something: Good composition systems will change the way you compose That is the result we need Be that as it may, we likewise need to consider the trip, the procedure of learning The written work procedures approach has these capable favorable circumstances: • You concentrate on composing systems, instead of, say, linguistic use, which makes the adapting all the more captivating • You begin to enhance in a flash - basically by picking a strategy to deal with • You gain from rousing cases, not extract rules • You perceive how the best scholars accomplish their best work, which is inspiring 80 • You start to see what goes ahead underneath the surface of good written work - the privileged insights behind it - which is helpful Now that is only a fractional rundown and it just concerns composing In any case, the truth of the matter is that written work strategies additionally help you build up a profound thankfulness for perusing Once you're ready to go beneath the surface of any content, it drives up your gratefulness for good composition - including the finest works of fiction and verifiable I trust a comprehension of the best composition strategies won't just change your written work It will change your life CONCLUSION We have discussed the topic on the main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills and came to the following conclusion: Teachers may help by involving students in choosing some of the materials for learning strategies of teaching writing, engaging students in learning writing as well as providing activities that allow using strategies of writing and outside the class for practical and relevant academic purposes If motivating learners includes allowing them to being partially 81 or totally in control of their learning, then it follows that main methods of teaching writing, methods and evaluation that both enhance their learning or achieve writing aspects Consequently, instructors should revisit the main methods of teaching writingneeds Motivating students to learn the strategies should be priority as it is only through sharpening this ‘tool’ that they can be successful in both their academic and professional lives Let us join together, share our stories, and give our students the best opportunities to learn and make a difference It was very interesting for me to the research but at the same time very difficult My interest was connected mainly with research procedure Precisely said, I was interested in working on literature and comparing the authors’ views I focused on the topic of teaching writing skills and techniques of writing and I find very important in writing methods I would like to appeal to teachers and educators to start paying attention to teaching writing in many strategies When I was studying books, articles and other sources to this topic, I learnt a lot of interesting information about teaching writing Moreover, I found out a lot of strategies for teaching writing to learners Each teacher should start with himself in order to understand his pupils I realized that this is the most crucial point in the study I am convinced that identifying learning how to make a good writing skills Considering global results, it appears that today’s most writing strategies are very useful Thus,student need time for learning to write in a good way It appears that those strategies must be used in practice Teachers are visual, extrovert, half and half impulsive and reflective and deductive types When it comes to main methods of teaching writing, my personal motto has always been "excellence through passion" and "no pain, no gain" I've learned that passion, enthusiasm and commitment are vital Moreover, if there is either no mental or physical pain, then there is no gain in life 82 The key to being motivated all the time is to set small goals so that you build up confidence and stamina to take on bigger challenges For example, I've learned so many ways of writing my studying strategies of writing Afterwards, I committed to learn how to write any kind of articls, essays and etc Eventually, I had the courage and confidence to learn how to teach students to write a good articles or essays You've got to reward yourself after attaining these goals, for example by going out with friends the ability to work hard for a long time without getting tired Or writing some draft sum ups for articles from internet Certainly, you could cheat and just have the motivation reward without actually getting your job done, but you won't feel good about your lack of effort A reward is crucial for positive reinforcement and should motivate you to actually find the energy to put the ball in motion You don't need to learn all kinds of writing, however The trick is that when you learn how to control yourself, you reach your goals and even exceed them This helps not only in teaching how to write but it also certainly helps you in achieving anything you want in life The upside of using this technique is that once you reach your goal, no matter how small it is, you'll certainly feel gratification from what you've accomplished This, in turn, boosts your confidence level and massages the ego The pride you'll feel once you complete the task and knock it off your to-do list should be enough to get you motivated and keep you that way Crucially, it would give you the confidence to take on and tackle every task in every sphere of life whether it is at work or at another class Based on the findings of this study, the following are recommended: Teaching of writing strategies always effective with age and experience that teachers are recommended constantly monitor students’ perceptions on writing Nowadays there are a lot of new ways of teaching writing skills, and quite huge varieties of strategies to teach student to become a great writers by making an effective lessons of writing 83 BIBLIOGRAPHY 84 I.A.Karimov Uzbekistan along the road of Independence 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Dimensions of Dyslexia – Volume Edinburgh: Moray House Publications Given, B K & Reid, G (1999) Learning Styles: a guide for teachers and parents St Annes-on-Sea: Red Rose Publications Cohen, A.D., 1998: Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language Essex, U.K.: Longman Felder, R M., & Henriques, E R (1995) Learning and teaching styles in foreign and second language education Foreign Language Annuals Cornett, C., 1983: What You Should Know about Teaching and Learning Styles Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa 10 Dunn, R & Griggs, S (1988) Learning Styles: Quiet Revolution in American Schools Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals 11 Oxford, R.L., & Ehrman, M.E., 1995: Adults' language learning strategies in an intensive foreign language program in the United States System, 23, 359-386 12 Reid, J., 1987 The learning style preferences of ESL students TESOL Quarterly, 21, 87-111 13 Oxford, R.L., 1996a: Language Learning Strategies Around the World: Cross-cultural Perspectives Manoa: University of Hawaii Press 85 14 Oxford,Learning Styles & Strategies/Oxford, GALA 2003 Page 15 Allwright, D., 1990: Autonomy in Language Pedagogy CRILE Working Paper Centre for Research in Education, University of Lancaster, U.K 16 Pressley, M with McCormick, C.B., 1995: Advanced Educational Psychology for Educators Researchers, and Policymakers New York: HarperCollins 17 Naiman, N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H.H., & Todesco, A., 1975: The Good Language Learner Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education 18 Nunan, D 1991: Language teaching methodology London: Prentice Hall 19 Oxford, R.L & Leaver, B.L., 1996: A synthesis of strategy instruction for language learners InR Oxford (Ed.), Language Learning Strategies Around the World: Cross-cultural Perspectives (pp 227-246) Manoa: University of Hawaii Press 20 Dunn, R (2000) Learning styles: Theory, research, and practice National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal, 13 (1), 3-22 21 Reid, J., 1995: Learning Styles in the ESL/EFL Classroom Boston: Heinle & Heinle 22 DÖRNYEI, Z Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom Cambridge: CUP, 2001 23 BROPHY, J.E., Motivating Students to Learn Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 1998 24 RAFFINNI, J.P Winners without Losers: Structures and Strategies for Increasing Student Motivation to Learn Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon: 1993 25 KOMENSKÝ, J.A Didaktické spisy (výbor, upravil Tichý, F.) Praha: SPN, 1954 86 26 BROPHY, J.E., Motivating Students to Learn Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 1998 27 RAFFINNI, J.P Winners without Losers: Structures and Strategies for Increasing Student Motivation to Learn Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon: 1993 28 LEGUTKE, M., THOMAS, H Process and Experience in the Language Classroom, London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1991 29 LEGUTKE, M., THOMAS, H Process and Experience in the Language Classroom, London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1991 30 FRIED-BOOTH, D L Project Work, Resource Books for Teachers Oxford: OUP,1986 31 RAFFINNI, J.P Winners without Losers: Structures and Strategies for Increasing Student Motivation to Learn Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon: 1993 32 William B Sprague, quotes.info/motivationalquotes.html 33 www.ielts.org 34 www.google.com 87 http://www.inspirational- ... of writing The given qualification paper is devoted to the study of the main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills The actuality of. .. The actuality of the work is due to ever interesting and topical problem of the main methods and techniques in the process of writing and teaching strategies to develop writing skills colloquialism,... main strategies of writing to students by qualified teachers The subject matter of this qualification paper is to study the function of writing techniques and teaching main methods of writing The