electrochemistry and corrosion science 2004 - perez

[...]... “Zinc and Zinc Alloys,” in Corrosion: MetalEnvironment Reactions, third edition, Edited by L.L Shreir, R.A Jarman, and G.T Burstein, Butterworth-Heinemann, 20(1959)15 [2] A.R.L Chivers and F.C Porter, “Zinc and Zinc Alloys” in Corrosion: Metal/Environment Reactions, third edition, Edited by L.L Shreir, R.A Jarman, and G.T Burstein, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1994) 4:172 [3] C.H Dale Nevison, “ Corrosion. .. surface, and immunity where corrosion or passivation are suppressed Furthermore, the prevention of uniform corrosion can be accomplished by selecting an adequate 1) material having a uniform microstructure, 2) coating or paint, 3) inhibitor(s) for retarding or suppressing corrosion These are classified as adsorption-type hydrogen-evolution poisons, scavengers, oxidizers, and vapor-phase[5], and 4) cathodic... of diluted sulfuric acid and water Hence, the mechanism of this type of battery is based on the electron-balanced anodic (-) and cathodic (+) reactions Hence, the ideal electrode reactions are reversed during charging and discharging The redox reaction in lead-acid batteries is the sum of the above half-cell reaction According to the above half-cells, the anode is pure lead and the cathode is lead dioxide... [5] pointed out, crevice attack can cut a stainless steel sheet by placing a stretched rubber band around it in seawater Thus, metal dissolution occurs in the area of contact between the alloy and rubber band 1.7 1.7 CORROSION- INDUCED SPALLING 19 CORROSION- INDUCED SPALLING Figure 1.15 shows a spalling-induced corrosion of a steel frame, which was initially protected by an organic coating (paint) Notice... Stray-Current Corrosion on a pipeline near a railroad 1.2.2 LOCALIZED CORROSION This term implies that specific parts of an exposed surface area corrodes in a suitable electrolyte This form of corrosion is more difficult to control than general corrosion Localized corrosion can be classified as [9] Crevice Corrosion which is associated with a stagnant electrolyte such as dirt, corrosion product, sand,... rivet heads Filiform Corrosion is basically a special type of crevice corrosion, which occurs under a protective film It is common on food and beverage cans being exposed to the atmosphere Pitting Corrosion is an extremely localized corrosion mechanism that causes destructive pits Oral Corrosion occurs on dental alloys exposed to saliva Biological Corrosion due to fouling organisms non-uniformly adhered... between grains and grain boundaries Figure 1.8b shows a schematic microstructure of a metal subjected to corrosion along the grain boundaries, as in the case of a typical polished and etched microstructure This type of corrosion can be referred to as grain-boundary corrosion because the grain boundaries act as anodes due to their atomic mismatch and possible segregation of impurities Galvanic corrosion. .. (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) For instance, Figure 1.10 shows the BCC crystal structure encountered in engineering metallic materials, such as chromium, iron, carbon steels, molybdenum and the like On the other hand, brass and the 300-series stainless steels have an FCC crystal structure Other crystal structures can be found in any book on Physical Metallurgy and Materials... Galvanic Corrosion between dissimilar metal/alloys or microstructural phases (pearlitic steels, copper alloys, lead alloys) High-Temperature Corrosion on carburized steels that forms a porous scale of several iron oxide phases Liquid-Metal Corrosion on stainless steel exposed to a sodium chloride environment Molten-Salt Corrosion on stainless steels due to molten fluorides etc.) Biological Corrosion. .. CERAMICS These are brittle and corrosion resistant compounds made out of metallic and nonmetallic elements Some examples of ceramics are (magnesia), (magnetite), and (alumina), SiC (silicon carbide), (zirconia) Other ceramics are made of basic ceramics and are known as bricks, clay, concrete, porcelain and the like On the other hand, refractories are ceramics that withstand very high temperatures prior . Metallurgical and Mechani- cal Engineering senior/graduate students, and professional engineers for under- standing Corrosion Science and Corrosion Engineering. Some Mechanical Engi- neering students.