[...]... amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism (5,6), and membrane aberrations (7) The laboratory environment can provide a rich source of bacterial and fungal contamination often focused in damp areas, such as sinks, waterbaths, air From: Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 24: Antiviral Methods and Protocols Edited by: D Kinchington and R F Schinazi © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 27 28 Stacey and Stacey... the virus under investigation, laboratory practices being used and the host The consequences of release of the virus into the environment must also be considered From: Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol 24: Antiviral Methods and Protocols Edited by: D Kinchington and R F Schinazi © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 13 14 Feorino, Williamson, and Schinazi Table 1 Laboratory-Acquired Viral Infections Ebola... Disinfectants In addition to their antiviral properties, it is important to understand the physical and chemical properties of disinfectants so they may be used effec- 24 Feorino, Williamson, and Schinazi tively and safely Consideration must also be given to the possible harmful effects they may have on the skin, eyes, and lungs The most commonly used disinfectants are hypochlorites and phenolics Hypochlorites... coats or gowns and gloves are worn to prevent contamination or soiling of street clothing and hands Protective clothing must be removed and left in the laboratory before leaving; if contaminated, it must be decontaminated and cleaned or, if necessary, destroyed Eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, and applying cosmetics are not permitted in the laboratory work area Persons who wear contact... Williamson, and Raymond F Schinazi 1 Introduction In the laboratory it is important that potentially pathogenic agents be controlled to protect the laboratory worker from infection and the experiment from contamination The operation of a safe laboratory depends on many factors: the training and judgement of laboratory personnel; the implementation of protocols, the selection and use of equipment and reagents;... 0.2 ppm Formaldehyde affects the eyes and causes respiratory distress and glutaraldehyde can cause sensitization of skin and mucous membranes Consequently, they are used mainly to disinfect enclosed places: glutaraldehyde to disinfect safety cabinets, and formaldehyde to decontaminate safety cabinets and laboratories Many proprietary disinfectants are marketed, and the supplier should always be asked... of peptide based HIV proteinase inhibitors Science 248, 358–361 14 Navia, M A., Sato, V L., and Tung, R D (1995) Design of VX-478, a potent inhibitor of HIV protease Int Antiviral News 3, 143–145 15 Boehme, R E., and Borthwick, A D., and Wyatt, P G (1995) Antiviral agents Ann Rep Med Chem 30, 144 16 Ridky, T and Leis, J (1995) Development of drug resistance to HIV-1 protease inhibitors J Biol Chem 270,... stability of the material to be monitored during routine and extended culture periods to be studied (11,12) New applications of the wide range of molecular techniques are being investigated all the time and are leading to the development of useful methods (13) Isoenzyme and cytogenetic analysis, like the detection of mycoplasma by DNA staining and culture and the detection of bacteria by broth culture, are... applicable to transport of infectious materials before removal from the facility 11 Persons wash their hands after removing gloves and before leaving the laboratory The sink is near the laboratory door and the taps can be operated without being touched by hand An eyewash facility is readily available 12 An insect and rodent control program is in effect 6.2 Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) Safety equipment... contamination of the hands of the laboratory worker and the immediate working surfaces Smaller droplets ( . h0" alt="" Changing Methods for Discovering Antiviral Drugs 1 1 From: Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol. 24: Antiviral Methods and Protocols Edited by: D. Kinchington and R. F. Schinazi © Humana. 1, 415–428. Safety Considerations 13 13 From: Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol. 24: Antiviral Methods and Protocols Edited by: D. Kinchington and R. F. Schinazi © Humana Press Inc., Totowa,. Sato, V. L., and Tung, R. D. (1995) Design of VX-478, a potent inhibitor of HIV protease. Int. Antiviral News 3, 143–145. 15. Boehme, R. E., and Borthwick, A. D., and Wyatt, P. G. (1995) Antiviral