Introduction to statics and dynamics problem book

Introduction to STATICS and DYNAMICS Problem Book Rudra Pratap and Andy Ruina Spring 2001 c  Rudra Pratap and Andy Ruina, 1994-2001. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the authors. This book is a pre-release version of a book in progress for Oxford University Press. The following are amongst those who have helped with this book as editors, artists, advisors, or critics: Alexa Barnes, Joseph Burns, Jason Cortell, Ivan Dobrianov, Gabor Domokos, Thu Dong, Gail Fish, John Gibson, Saptarsi Hal- dar, Dave Heimstra, Theresa Howley, Herbert Hui, Michael Marder, Elaina Mc- Cartney, Arthur Ogawa, Kalpana Pratap, Richard Rand, Dane Quinn, Phoebus Rosakis, Les Schaeffer, David Shipman, Jill Startzell, Saskya van Nouhuys, Bill Zobrist. Mike Coleman worked extensively on the text, wrote many of the ex- amples and homework problems and created many of the figures. David Ho has brought almost all of the artwork to its present state. Some of the home- work problems are modifications from the Cornell’s Theoretical and Applied Mechanics archives and thus are due to T&AM faculty or their libraries in ways that we do not know how to give proper attribution. Many unlisted friends, colleagues, relatives, students, and anonymous reviewers have also made helpful suggestions. Software used to prepare this book includes TeXtures, BLUESKY’s implemen- tation of LaTeX, Adobe Illustrator and MATLAB. Most recent text modifications on January 21, 2001. Contents Problems for Chapter 1 0 Problems for Chapter 2 2 Problems for Chapter 3 10 Problems for Chapter 4 15 Problems for Chapter 5 18 Problems for Chapter 6 31 Problems for Chapter 7 41 Problems for Chapter 8 60 Problems for Chapter 9 74 Problems for Chapter 10 83 Problems for Chapter 11 88 Problems for Chapter 12 100 Answers to *’d questions Problems for Chapter 1 1 Problems for Chapter 1 Introduction to mechanics Because no mathematical skills have been taught so far, the questions below just demonstrate the ideas and vocabulary you should have gained from the reading. 1.1 What is mechanics? 1.2 Briefly define each of the words below (us- ing rough English, not precise mathematical language): a) Statics, b) Dynamics, c) Kinematics, d) Strength of materials, e) Force, f) Motion, g) Linear momentum, h) Angular momentum, i) A rigid body. 1.3 This chapter says there are three “pillars” of mechanics of which the third is ‘Newton’s’ laws, what are the other two? 1.4 This book orgainzes the laws of mechanics into 4 basic laws numberred 0-III, not the stan- dard ‘Newton’s three laws’. What are these four laws (in English, no equations needed)? 1.5 Describe, as precisely as possible, a prob- lem that is not mentionned in the book but which is a mechanics problem. State which quantities are given and what is to be deter- mined by the mechanics solution. 1.6 Describe an engineering problem which is not a mechanics problem. 1.7 About how old are Newton’s laws? 1.8 Relativity and quantum mechanics have overthrownNewton’s laws. Why are engineers still using them? 1.9Computationispartofmodernengineering. a) What are the three primary computer skills you will need for doing problems in this book? b) Give examples of each (different thatn the examples given). c) (optional) Do an example of each on a computer. 2 CONTENTS Problems for Chapter 2 Vector skills for mechanics 2.1 Vector notation and vec- tor addition 2.1 Represent the vector  r = 5m ˆ ı−2m ˆ  in three different ways. 2.2 Which oneof thefollowing representations of the same vector  F is wrong and why? ˆ ı ˆ  2N 3N -3 N ˆ ı + 2N ˆ  √ 13 N √ 13 N a) b) c) d) 2 3 2 3 problem 2.2: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.2) 2.3 There are exactly two representations that describe the same vector in the following pic- tures. Match the correct pictures into pairs. ˆ ı ˆ  a) b) e) f) c) d) 30 o 30 o 4N 2N 4N 2 √ 3N 2 N(- ˆ ı + √ 3 ˆ ) 3N ˆ ı +1N ˆ  3N( 1 3 ˆ ı + ˆ ) problem 2.3: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.3) 2.4 Find the sum of forces  F 1 = 20 N ˆ ı − 2N ˆ ,  F 2 = 30 N( 1 √ 2 ˆ ı + 1 √ 2 ˆ ), and  F 3 = −20 N(− ˆ ı + √ 3 ˆ ). 2.5 In the figure shown below, the position vectors are  r AB = 3ft ˆ k,  r BC = 2ft ˆ , and  r CD = 2ft( ˆ  + ˆ k). Find the position vector  r AD . A B C D ˆ  ˆ k  r AB  r BC  r CD problem 2.5: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.5) 2.6 The forces acting on a block of mass m = 5 kg are shown in the figure, where F 1 = 20 N, F 2 = 50 N, and W = mg. Find the sum  F (=  F 1 +  F 2 +  W )? 3 4 4 3  W  F 1  F 2 problem 2.6: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.6) 2.7 Three position vectors are shown in the figure below. Given that  r B/A = 3m( 1 2 ˆ ı + √ 3 2 ˆ )and  r C/B = 1m ˆ ı−2m ˆ , find  r A/C . ˆ ı ˆ  A B C problem 2.7: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.7) 2.8 Given that the sum of four vectors  F i , i = 1 to 4, is zero, where  F 1 = 20 N ˆ ı,  F 2 = −50 N ˆ ,  F 3 = 10 N(− ˆ ı + ˆ ), find  F 4 . 2.9 Three forces  F = 2N ˆ ı −5N ˆ ,  R = 10 N(cosθ ˆ ı+sinθ ˆ ) and  W =−20 N ˆ , sum up to zero. Determinethe angle θ and draw the force vector  R clearly showing its direction. 2.10 Given that  R 1 = 1N ˆ ı+1.5N ˆ  and  R 2 = 3.2N ˆ ı−0.4N ˆ , find 2  R 1 + 5  R 2 . 2.11 For the unit vectors ˆ λ 1 and ˆ λ 2 shown below, find the scalars α and β such that α ˆ λ 2 − 3 ˆ λ 2 = β ˆ . x y 60 o 1 1 ˆ λ 1 ˆ λ 2 problem 2.11: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.11) 2.12 In the figure shown, T 1 = 20 √ 2N,T 2 = 40 N, and W is such that the sum of the three forces equals zero. If W is doubled, find α and β such that α  T 1 ,β  T 2 , and 2  W still sum up to zero. x y 60 o 45 o T 1 T 2 W problem 2.12: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.12) 2.13 In the figure shown, rods AB and BC are each 4 cm long and lie along y and x axes, respectively. Rod CD is in the xz plane and makes an angle θ = 30o with the x-axis. (a) Find  r AD in termsofthe variablelength . (b) Find  and α such that  r AD =  r AB −  r BC + α ˆ k. y x z 4cm 4cm A B D C  30 o problem 2.13: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.13) 2.14 Find the magnitudes of the forces  F 1 = 30 N ˆ ı−40 N ˆ  and  F 2 = 30 N ˆ ı+40 N ˆ . Draw the two forces, representing them with their magnitudes. Problems for Chapter 2 3 2.15 Two forces  R = 2N(0.16 ˆ ı + 0.80 ˆ ) and  W =−36 N ˆ  act on a particle. Find the magnitude of the net force. What is the direction of this force? 2.16InProblem2.13,find  suchthatthelength of the position vector  r AD is 6 cm. 2.17 In the figure shown, F 1 = 100 N and F 2 = 300 N. Find the magnitude and direction of  F 2 −  F 1 . x y F 1 F 2 30 o 45 o  F 2 -  F 1 problem 2.17: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.17) 2.18 Let two forces  P and  Q act in the direc- tion shown in the figure. You are allowed to change the direction of the forces by changing the angles α and θ while keeping the magni- itudes fixed. What should be the values of α and θ if the magnitude of  P +  Q has to be the maximum? x y P Q θ α problem 2.18: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.18) 2.19 Two points A and B are located in the xy plane. The coordinates of A and B are (4 mm, 8 mm) and (90mm, 6 mm), respectively. (a) Draw position vectors  r A and  r B . (b) Find the magnitude of  r A and  r B . (c) How far is A from B? 2.20 In the figure shown, a ball is suspended with a0.8 mlongcordfrom a2 mlong hoistOA. (a) Find the position vector  r B of the ball. (b) Find the distance of the ball from the origin. x y 45 o 0.8 m 2m O A B problem 2.20: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.20) 2.21 A1m×1m square board is supported by two strings AE and BF. The tension in the string BF is 20N. Express this tension as a vector. x y E F 2m 2m 2.5 m 1m 1 1 1m BA CD plate problem 2.21: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.21) 2.22 The top of an L-shaped bar, shown in the figure, is to be tied by strings AD and BD to the points A and B in the yz plane. Find the length of the strings AD and BD using vectors  r AD and  r BD . A B 1m 2m 30 o y x z problem 2.22: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.22) 2.23 A cube of side 6 inis shown in the figure. (a) Find the position vector of point F,  r F , from the vector sum  r F =  r D +  r C/D +  r F/c . (b) Calculate |  r F |. (c) Find  r G using  r F . y x z AB EF G H CD problem 2.23: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.23) 2.24 A circular disk of radius 6 inis mounted on axlex-xat the end anL-shapedbar as shown in the figure. The disk is tipped 45o with the horizontal bar AC. Two points, P and Q, are marked on the rim of the plate; P directly par- allel to the center C into the page, and Q at the highest point above the center C. Taking the base vectors ˆ ı, ˆ , and ˆ k as shown in the figure, find (a) the relative position vector  r Q/P , (b) the magnitude |  r Q/P |. A 12" xx 45 o 6" O Q Q D D C C P 6" ˆ ı ˆ  ˆ k problem 2.24: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.24) 2.25 Find the unit vector ˆ λ AB , directed from point A to point B shown in the figure. x y 1m 1m 2m 3m A B problem 2.25: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.25) 2.26 Find a unit vector along string BA and express the position vector of A with respect to B,  r A/B , in terms of the unit vector. x z y A B 3m 2.5 m 1.5 m 1m problem 2.26: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.26) 2.27 In the structure shown in the figure,  = 2ft,h=1.5ft. The force in the spring is  F = k  r AB , wherek = 100 lbf/ ft. Finda unit vector ˆ λ AB along AB and calculate the spring force  F = F ˆ λ AB . 4 CONTENTS x y h  B O C 30 o problem 2.27: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.27) 2.28 Express the vector  r A = 2m ˆ ı−3m ˆ  + 5m ˆ k intermsof itsmagnitude andaunit vector indicating its direction. 2.29 Let  F = 10 lbf ˆ ı + 30 lbf ˆ  and  W = −20 lbf ˆ . Find a unit vector in the direction of the net force  F +  W , and express the the net force in terms of the unit vector. 2.30 Let ˆ λ 1 = 0.80 ˆ ı +0.60 ˆ  and ˆ λ 2 = 0.5 ˆ ı + 0.866 ˆ . (a) Show that ˆ λ 1 and ˆ λ 2 are unit vectors. (b) Is the sum of these two unit vectors also a unit vector? If not, then find a unit vector along the sum of ˆ λ 1 and ˆ λ 2 . 2.31Ifa massslides frompointA towardspoint B along a straight path and the coordinates of points A and B are (0 in, 5 in, 0 in) and (10in, 0 in, 10 in), respectively, find the unit vector ˆ λ AB directed from A to B along the path. 2.32 Write the vectors  F 1 = 30 N ˆ ı +40 N ˆ  − 10 N ˆ k,  F 2 =−20 N ˆ  + 2N ˆ k, and  F 3 = −10 N ˆ ı − 100 N ˆ k as a list of numbers (rows or columns). Find the sum of the forces using a computer. 2.2 The dot product of two vectors 2.33 Express the unit vectors ˆ n and ˆ λ in terms of ˆ ı and ˆ  shown in the figure. What are the x and y components of  r = 3.0ft ˆ n−1.5ft ˆ λ? ∗ θ ˆ λ ˆ n x y ˆ ı ˆ  problem 2.33: (Filename:efig1.2.27) 2.34 Find the dot product of two vectors  F = 10 lbf ˆ ı −20 lbf ˆ  and ˆ λ = 0.8 ˆ ı +0.6 ˆ . Sketch  F and ˆ λ and show what their dot product rep- resents. 2.35 The position vector of a point A is  r A = 30 cm ˆ ı. Find the dot product of  r A with ˆ λ = √ 3 2 ˆ ı + 1 2 ˆ . 2.36 Fromthefigurebelow, findthecomponent of force  F in the direction of ˆ λ. x y 30 o 10 o ˆ λ F = 100 N problem 2.36: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.33) 2.37 Find the angle between  F 1 = 2N ˆ ı + 5N ˆ  and  F 2 =−2N ˆ ı+6N ˆ . 2.38 A force  F is directed from point A(3,2,0) to point B(0,2,4). If the x-component of the force is 120 N, find the y- and z-components of  F . 2.39Aforceactingonabead ofmass m is given as  F =−20lbf ˆ ı +22 lbf ˆ  +12 lbf ˆ k. What is the angle between the force and the z-axis? 2.40 Given  ω = 2 rad/s ˆ ı + 3 rad/s ˆ ,  H 1 = (20 ˆ ı +30 ˆ ) kgm 2 / sand  H 2 = (10 ˆ ı +15 ˆ  + 6 ˆ k) kg m 2 / s, find (a) the angle between  ω and  H 1 and (b) the angle between  ω and  H 2 . 2.41 The unit normal to a surface is given as ˆ n = 0.74 ˆ ı + 0.67 ˆ . If the weight of a block on this surface acts in the − ˆ  direction, find the angle that a 1000 N normal force makes with the direction of weight of the block. 2.42 Vector algebra. For each equation below state whether: (a) The equation is nonsense. If so, why? (b) Is always true. Why? Give anexample. (c) Is never true. Why? Give an example. (d) Is sometimes true. Give examples both ways. You may use trivial examples. a)  A +  B =  B +  A b)  A + b = b +  A c)  A ·  B =  B ·  A d)  B/  C = B/C e) b/  A = b/ A f)  A = (  A·  B)  B+(  A·  C)  C+(  A·  D)  D 2.43 Use the dot product to show ‘the law of cosines’; i. e., c 2 = a 2 + b 2 + 2abcos θ. (Hint:  c =  a+  b; also,  c ·  c =  c ·  c) b c a θ problem 2.43: (Filename:pfigure.blue.2.1) 2.44 (a) Draw the vector  r = 3.5in ˆ ı + 3.5in ˆ −4.95 in ˆ k. (b) Find the angle this vec- tor makes with the z-axis. (c) Find the angle this vector makes with the x-y plane. 2.45 In the figure shown, ˆ λ and ˆ n are unit vec- tors parallel and perpendicular to the surface AB, respectively. A force  W =−50N ˆ  acts on the block. Find the components of  W along ˆ λ and ˆ n. ˆ ı ˆ  30 o A B O ˆ λ ˆ n W problem 2.45: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.41) 2.46 From the figure shown, find the compo- nents of vector  r AB (you have to first find this position vector) along (a) the y-axis, and (b) along ˆ λ. y x z A B 3m 30 o 2m 2m 1m ˆ λ problem 2.46: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.42) 2.47 The net force acting on a particle is  F = 2N ˆ ı +10 N ˆ . Find the components of this force in another coordinate system with ba- sis vectors ˆ ı  =−cosθ ˆ ı + sinθ ˆ  and ˆ   = −sinθ ˆ ı − cosθ ˆ .Forθ=30o, sketch the vector  F and show its components in the two coordinate systems. 2.48 Find the unit vectors ˆ e R and ˆ e θ in terms of ˆ ı and ˆ  with the geometry shown in figure. Problems for Chapter 2 5 What are the componets of  W along ˆ e R and ˆ e θ ? θ ˆ e θ ˆ e R ˆ ı ˆ   W problem 2.48: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.44) 2.49 Write the position vector of point P in terms of ˆ λ 1 and ˆ λ 2 and (a) find the y-component of  r P , (b) find the component of  r P alon ˆ λ 1 . x y θ 1 θ 2  1  2 P 1 ˆ λ 2 ˆ λ problem 2.49: (Filename:pfigure2.vec1.45) 2.50 What is the distance between the point A and the diagonal BC of the parallelepiped shown? (Use vector methods.) A 1 3 4 C B problem 2.50: (Filename:pfigure.blue.2.3) 2.51 Let  F 1 = 30 N ˆ ı +40 N ˆ  −10 N ˆ k,  F 2 = −20 N ˆ  + 2N ˆ k, and  F 3 = F 3 x ˆ ı + F 3 y ˆ  − F 3 z ˆ k. If the sum of all these forces must equal zero, find the required scalar equations to solve for the components of  F 3 . 2.52 A vector equation for the sum of forces results into the following equation: F 2 ( ˆ ı − √ 3 ˆ ) + R 5 (3 ˆ ı + 6 ˆ ) = 25 N ˆ λ where ˆ λ = 0.30 ˆ ı − 0.954 ˆ . Find the scalar equations parallel and perpendicular to ˆ λ. 2.53 Let α  F 1 + β  F 2 + γ  F 3 =  0, where  F 1 ,  F 2 , and  F 3 are as given in Problem 2.32. Solve for α, β, and γ using a computer. 2.54 Write a computer program (or use a canned program) to find the dot product of two 3-D vectors. Test the program by com- puting the dot products ˆ ı · ˆ ı, ˆ ı · ˆ , and ˆ  · ˆ k. Now use the program to find the components of  F = (2 ˆ ı + 2 ˆ  − 3 ˆ k) N along the line  r AB = (0.5 ˆ ı − 0.2 ˆ  + 0.1 ˆ k) m. 2.55 Let  r n = 1m(cos θ n ˆ ı + sinθ n ˆ ), where θ n = θ 0 − nθ. Using a computer generate the required vectors and find the sum 44  n=0  r i , with θ = 1 o and θ 0 = 45 o . 2.3 Cross product, moment, and moment about an axis 2.56 Find the cross product of the two vectors shown in the figures below from the informa- tion given in the figures. x y x y x y x y x y x y 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 60 o 30 o 45 o 45 o 30 o 4 3 x y x y (-1,2) (2,2) (-1,-1) (2,-1)  a  b  b  b  a  a  b  a  a  b  b  a  a  b  a = 3 ˆ ı + ˆ   b = 4 ˆ  (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 105 o 5 problem 2.56: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.1) 2.57 Vector algebra. For each equation below state whether: (a) The equation is nonsense. If so, why? (b) Is always true. Why? Give anexample. (c) Is never true. Why? Give an example. (d) Is sometimes true. Give examples both ways. You may use trivial examples. a)  B ×  C =  C ×  B b)  B ×  C =  C ·  B c)  C · (  A ×  B) =  B · (  C ×  A) d)  A×(  B ×  C) = (  A·  C)  B −(  A·  B)  C 2.58 What is the moment  M produced by a 20 N force F acting in the x direction with a lever arm of  r = (16 mm) ˆ ? 2.59 Find the moment of the force shown on the rod about point O. x y O F = 20 N 2 m 45 o problem 2.59: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.2) 2.60 Find the sum of moments of forces  W and  T about the origin, given that W = 100 N, T = 120 N,=4m, and θ = 30 o . x y O T W θ  /2  /2 problem 2.60: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.3) 2.61 Find the moment of the force a) about point A b) about point O. α =30 o F=50N O 2m 1.5 m A problem 2.61: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.4) 2.62 In the figure shown, OA = AB = 2 m. The force F = 40 N acts perpendicular to the arm AB. Find the moment of  F about O, given that θ = 45 o .If  Falways acts normal to the arm AB, would increasingθ increase themagnitude of the moment? In particular, what value of θ will give the largest moment? 6 CONTENTS x y O F θ A B   problem 2.62: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.5) 2.63 Calculate the moment of the 2 kNpayload on the robot arm about (i) joint A, and (ii) joint B,if  1 = 0.8m, 2 =0.4m, and  3 = 0.1m. x y 2kN A B O 30 o 45 o C  1  2  3 problem 2.63: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.6) 2.64 During a slam-dunk, a basketball player pulls onthe hoop witha 250 lbfat pointCof the ring as shown in the figure. Find the moment of the force about a) the point of the ring attachment to the board (point B), and b) the root of the pole, point O. O 3' 250 lbf 15 o 6" 1.5' 10' board B A basketball hoop problem 2.64: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.7) 2.65 During weight training, an athelete pulls a weight of 500 Nwith his arms pulling on a hadlebar connected to a universal machine by a cable. Find the moment of the forceaboutthe shoulder joint O in the configuration shown. problem 2.65: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.8) 2.66 Find the sum of moments due to the two weights oftheteeter-totter when the teeter- totter is tipped at an angle θ from its vertical position. Give youranswer in terms ofthe vari- ables shown in the figure. h O B OA = h AB=AC=  W W C A θ   α α problem 2.66: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.9) 2.67 Find the percentage error in computing the moment of  W about the pivot point O as a function of θ, if the weight is assumed to act normal to the arm OA (a good approximation when θ is very small). θ O A W  problem 2.67: (Filename:pfigure2.vec2.10) 2.68 What do you get when you cross a vector and a scalar? ∗ 2.69 Why did the chicken cross the road? ∗ 2.70 Carry out the following cross products in different ways and determine which method takes the least amount of time for you. a)  r = 2.0ft ˆ ı+3.0ft ˆ  −1.5ft ˆ k;  F = −0.3lbf ˆ ı − 1.0 lbf ˆ k;  r ×  F =? b)  r = (− ˆ ı + 2.0 ˆ  + 0.4 ˆ k) m;  L = (3.5 ˆ  − 2.0 ˆ k) kg m/s;  r ×  L =? c)  ω = ( ˆ ı − 1.5 ˆ ) rad/s;  r = (10 ˆ ı − 2 ˆ  + 3 ˆ k) in;  ω ×  r =? 2.71 A force  F = 20 N ˆ  −5N ˆ kacts through a point A with coordinates (200 mm, 300 mm, -100 mm). What is the moment  M(=  r ×  F ) of the force about the origin? 2.72 Cross Product programWritea program that will calculate cross products. The input to the function should be the components of the two vectors and the output should be the com- ponents of the cross product. As a model, here is a function file that calculates dot products in pseudo code. %program definition z(1)=a(1)*b(1); z(2)=a(2)*b(2); z(3)=a(3)*b(3); w=z(1)+z(2)+z(3); 2.73 Find a unit vector normal to the surface ABCD shown in the figure. 4" 5" 5" D A C B x z y problem 2.73: (Filename:efig1.2.11) 2.74 If the magnitude of a force  N normal to the surface ABCD in the figure is 1000 N, write  N as a vector. ∗ x z y A B D 1m 1m 1m 1m C 1m problem 2.74: (Filename:efig1.2.12) 2.75 The equation of a surface is given as z = 2x − y. Find a unit vector ˆ n normal to the surface. 2.76 In the figure, a triangular plate ACB, at- tached to rod AB, rotates about the z-axis. At the instant shown, the plate makes an angle of 60 o with the x-axis. Find and draw a vector normal to the surface ACB. x z y 60 o 45 o 45 o 1m A B C problem 2.76: (Filename:efig1.2.14) 2.77 What is the distance d between the origin and the line AB shown? (You may write your solution in terms of  A and  B before doing any arithmetic). ∗ Problems for Chapter 2 7 y z 1 B d O A 1 1 x ˆ ı ˆ  ˆ k  A  B problem 2.77: (Filename:pfigure.blue.1.3) 2.78 What is the perpendicular distance be- tween the point A and the line BC shown? (There are at least 3 ways to do this using var- ious vector products, how many ways can you find?) x y B A 3 2 0 3 C ˆ ı ˆ  problem 2.78: (Filename:pfigure.blue.2.2) 2.79 Given a force,  F 1 = (−3 ˆ ı +2 ˆ  +5 ˆ k) N acting at a point P whose position is given by  r P/O = (4 ˆ ı − 2 ˆ  + 7 ˆ k) m, what is the mo- ment about an axis through the origin O with direction ˆ λ = 2 √ 5 ˆ  + 1 √ 5 ˆ ? 2.80 Drawing vectors and computing with vectors. The point O is the origin. Point A has xyz coordinates (0, 5, 12)m. Point B has xyz coordinates (4, 5, 12)m. a) Make a neat sketch of the vectors OA, OB, and AB. b) Find a unit vector in the direction of OA, call it ˆ λ OA . c) Find the force  F which is 5N in size and is in the direction of OA. d) What is the angle betweenOA and OB? e) What is  r BO ×  F? f) What is the moment of  F about a line parallel to the z axis that goes through the point B? 2.81 Vector Calculations and Geometry. The 5 N force  F 1 is along the line OA. The 7 N force  F 2 is along the line OB. a) Find a unit vector in the direction OB. ∗ b) Find a unit vector in the direction OA. ∗ c) Write both  F 1 and  F 2 as the product of their magnitudes and unit vectors in their directions. ∗ d) What is the angle AOB? ∗ e) What is the component of  F 1 in the x-direction? ∗ f) What is  r DO ×  F 1 ?(  r DO ≡  r O/D is the position of O relative to D.) ∗ g) What is the moment of  F 2 about the axis DC? (The moment of a force about an axis parallel to the unit vector ˆ λ is definedas M λ = ˆ λ·(  r ×  F ) where  r is the position of the point of application of the force relative to some point on the axis. The result does not depend on which point on the axis is used or which point on the line of action of  F is used.). ∗ h) Repeat the last problem using either a differentreferencepoint on the axis DC or the line of action OB. Does the solu- tion agree? [Hint: it should.] ∗ y z x F 2 F 1 4m 3m 5m O A B CD problem 2.81: (Filename:p1sp92) 2.82 A, B, and C are located by position vectors  r A = (1, 2, 3),  r B = (4, 5, 6), and  r C = (7, 8, 9). a) Use the vector dot product to find the angle BAC (A is at the vertex of this angle). b) Use the vector cross product to find the angle BCA (C is at the vertex of this angle). c) Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane ABC. d) How far is the infinite line defined by ABfrom theorigin? (Thatis, howclose is the closest point on this line to the origin?) e) Is the origin co-planar with the points A, B, and C? 2.83 Points A, B, and C in the figure define a plane. a) Find a unit normal vector to the plane. ∗ b) Find the distance from this infinite plane to the point D. ∗ c) What are the coordinates of the point on the plane closest to point D? ∗ 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 7 (3, 2, 5) (0, 7, 4) (5, 2, 1) (3, 4, 1) B D A C x y z problem 2.83: (Filename:pfigure.s95q2) 2.4 Equivalant force sys- tems and couples 2.84 Find the net force on the particle shown in the figure. ˆ ı ˆ  4 3 6N P 8N 10 N problem 2.84: (Filename:pfigure2.3.rp1) 2.85 Replace the forces acting on the parti- cle of mass m shown in the figure by a single equivalent force. ˆ ı ˆ  30 o 45 o T mg m 2T T problem 2.85: (Filename:pfigure2.3.rp2) 2.86 Find the net force on the pulley due to the belt tensions shown in the figure. [...]... ωt + ξ ∗ ˙ ξ (t) = Aω cos ωt − Bω sin ωt, where A and B are constants to be determined from initial conditions Assume A and B are the only unknowns and write the equations in matrix form to solve for A and B in terms of ˙ ξ(0) and ξ (0) 5.47 Solve for the constants A and B in Problem 5.46 using the matrix form, if ξ(0) = ˙ 0, ξ (0) = 0.5, ω = 0.5 rad/s and ξ ∗ = 0.2 5.48 A set of first order linear differential... m slides along the cart from the front to the rear The coefficient of friction between the cart and box is µ, and it is assumed that the acceleration of the cart is sufficient to cause sliding a) Draw free body diagrams of the cart, the box, and the cart and box together m θ problem 6.5: (Filename:pfigure.blue.27.1a) problem 6.8: (Filename:pfig2.3.rp8) 6.9 Pulley and masses Two masses connected by an inextensible... cart is µ All wheels and pulleys are massless and frictionless Point B is attached to the cart and point A is attached to the rope a) If you are given that she is pulling rope in with acceleration a0 relative to herˆ self (that is, a A/B ≡ a A −a B = −a0 ı ) and that she is not slipping relative to the cart, find a A (Answer in terms of ˆ some or all of m, M, g, µ, ı and a0 ) Problems for Chapter 6... dv · v Or find a related dynamics dr dt dr problem and use conservation of energy.] • • • Also see several problems in the harmonic oscillator section 5.3 The harmonic oscillator The first set of problems are entirely about the harmonic oscillator governing differential equation, with no mechanics content or context a) x(π s) =? b) x(π s) =? ˙ 5.28 Given that x + x = 0, x(0) = 1, and ¨ x(0) = 0, find the... N problem 2.93: problem 2.86: 6N C 20 N 2.96 Write a computer program to find the center of mass of a point-mass-system The input to the program should be a table (or matrix) containing individual masses and their coordinates (It is possible to write a single program for both 2-D and 3-D cases, write separate programs for the two cases if that is easier for you.) Check your program on Problems 2.94 and. .. the total kinetic and potential energies b) Write an expression for the total linear momentum c) Draw free body diagrams for the beads and use Newton’s second law to derive the equations for motion for the system d) Verify that total energy and linear momentum are both conserved e) Show that the center of mass must either remain at rest or move at constant velocity f) What can you say about vibratory... posiˆ ˆ tion and velocity are r0 = 1 mı − 5 m and v0 = 0 write MATLAB commands √ to find her position at t = π/ 2 s c) Find the answer to part (b) with pencil and paper (a final numerical answer is desired) 10 m ˆ  O A B k ˆ ı g = 10 m/s2 m P ground, no contact after jump off problem 5.128: (Filename:s97p1.3) 5.129 A softball pitcher releases a ball of mass m upwards from her hand with speed v0 and angle... balance in vector form • Solve the equations on the computer and plot the trajectory • Solve the equations by hand and then use the computer to plot your solution 5.131 See also problem 5.132 A baseball pitching machine releases a baseball of mass m from its barrel with speed v0 and angle θ0 from the horizontal The only external forces acting on the ball after its release are gravity and air resistance... elliptical trajectory with a = 1 m and b = 0.8 m, the velocity of the particle at point 1 is observed to be perpendicular to the radial direction, with magnitude v1 , as shown When the particle reaches point 2, its velocity is again perpendicular to the radial direction Determine the speed increment v which would have to be added (instantaneously) to the particle’s speed at point 2 to transfer it to the circular... uniform circular plate of mass 1 kg (prior to removing the cutout) and radius 1/4 m (a) 200 mm x 200 mm (b) r = 100 mm 100 mm problem 2.99: (Filename:pfigure3.cm.rp9) 10 CONTENTS Problems for Chapter 3 x F = 50 N Free body diagrams 3.1 Free body diagrams h y a) the statics force balance and moment balance equations? b) the dynamics linear momentum balance and angular momentum balance equations? A L . Introduction to STATICS and DYNAMICS Problem Book Rudra Pratap and Andy Ruina Spring 2001 c  Rudra Pratap and Andy Ruina, 1994-2001. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be. Chapter 1 0 Problems for Chapter 2 2 Problems for Chapter 3 10 Problems for Chapter 4 15 Problems for Chapter 5 18 Problems for Chapter 6 31 Problems for Chapter 7 41 Problems for Chapter 8 60 Problems. Chapter 9 74 Problems for Chapter 10 83 Problems for Chapter 11 88 Problems for Chapter 12 100 Answers to *’d questions Problems for Chapter 1 1 Problems for Chapter 1 Introduction to mechanics