Manufacturing processes

[...]... INTRODUCTION TO METAL FORMING AND CASTING PROCESS 1 BASIC METAL FORMING PROCESSES AND USES 29–33 Introduction 29 Advantages of Mechanical Working Processes 29 Difference Between Hot and Cold Working 30 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cold and Hot Working Processes 31 Classification of Metal Forming Processes According to Type of Stress Employed 32 Questions ... 160 Rubbers 160 Plastics 162 Composite Materials 165 Questions 167 4 MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES 168–173 Powder Metallurgy Process 168 Plastic Products Manufacturing Processes 169 Galvanising Process 171 Electroplating Process 172 Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis 173 Questions... MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS 1 IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING 147–153 Introduction 147 Proper Selection of Material 147 Importance of Materials 148 Historical Perspective 149 Materials as Driving-Force Behind Technological Developments 149 Direct and Indirect Linkages Among Materials, Manufacturing, Technological Development and Socioeconomic... +0)26-4  Properties of Materials INTRODUCTION Materials are the driving force behind the technological revolutions and are the key ingredients for manufacturing Materials are everywhere around us, and we use them in one way or the other The materials and the manufacturing process employed, could be better appreciated if one understands various types of materials and its properties PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS... properties (conductivity), optical properties (refractive index), electrical properties (resistance) etc Here, however, we shall concentrate only on mechanical properties which are most important in manufacturing processes and also in everyday life and we use these terms quite often To understand the mechanical properties, it is useful to first understand the behaviour of the material when subjected to a... modulus commonly called modulus of elasticity Beyond point A and up to point B, material remains elastic i.e., the material returns to its original condition of the forces acting on it is removed 3 4 Manufacturing Processes E F C Stress, (σ) B O A D A is limit of proportionality B is elastic limit C is upper yield point D is lower yield point E represents ultimate tensile stress F is breaking point Strain,... regard to other properties of material can be gleaned from it It may be noted that most tensile testing machines are provided with equipment to carry out a compressive strength test as well 6 Manufacturing Processes MALLEABILITY AND DUCTILITY Both these properties relate to the plasticity of the material Malleability refers to the ability of plastic deformation under compressive loads, while ductility... criterion used was a simple scratch test If a material could scratch another material, then the former was considered harder than the latter material and was placed higher in the scale of hardness 8 Manufacturing Processes In modern times, several tests for hardness have been devised The most popular ones are called (i) Brinell hardness test, (ii) Rockwell hardness test, and (iii) Vicker’s hardness test... happens if the subjected components remain under steady loads for a very longtime especially when they are subjected to high temperature conditions Some common examples are stays in boilers, steam 10 Manufacturing Processes turbine blades, furnace parts etc Such failures are termed creep-failures due to the fact the material continues to deform plastically under such conditions although at a very very slow... classified into (i) plain carbon steel, and (ii) alloy steel Plain carbon steel is that steel in which the only alloying element present is carbon In alloy steel, apart from carbon, other alloying 11 12 Manufacturing Processes elements like chromium, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium are also present and they make an appreciable difference in the properties of steel Before we go further, readers must . lecture) for the theory of workshop tools & processes. The book on Manufacturing Processes covers a wide overview of ‘material’, manufacturing processes and other ‘misc. topics’. Unit-I deals. by ‘making’ certain tools and things through certain manufacturing processes using certain material of desirable property. The present book on Manufacturing Processes is what every engineer, irrespective. ‘semiconductor’. Similary the ‘key’ behind ‘socioeconomic development’ is the manufacturing which is done by certain manufacturing processes using certain materials. Moreovers, the primary duty of engineers