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Cấu trúc
Cover
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1. Computer Integrated Manufacturing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Manufacturing
1.3 Evolution of Computer Integrated Manufacturing
1.4 CIM Hardware and CIM Software
1.5 Nature and Role of the Elements of CIM System
1.6 Development of CIM
Chapter 2. Product Development Through CIM
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Product Development Cycle
2.3 Sequential Engineering
2.4 Concurrent Engineering
2.5 Comparison of Concurrent Engineering and Sequential Engineering
2.6 Implementation of Concurrent Engineering
2.7 Concurrent Engineering and Information Technology
2.8 Soft and Hard Prototyping
2.9 Characteristics of Concurrent Engineering
2.10 Key Factors Influencing the Success of CE
2.11 Example of Concurrent Engineering
2.12 Techniques to Improve Manufacturability and Reduce Lead Time
2.13 Improving the Design
2.14 Taguchi Method for Robust Design
2.15 Value Engineering
2.16 Product Life Cycle Management
Chapter 3. Principles of Computer Graphics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Graphic Primitives
3.3 Point Plotting
3.4 Drawing of Lines
3.5 Bresenham's Circle Algorithm
3.6 Ellipse
3.7 Transformation in Graphics
3.8 Co-Ordinate Systems Used In Graphics and Windowing
3.9 View Port
3.10 2-D Transformations
3.11 Homogeneous Transformations
3.12 Combination Transformations
3.13 Clipping
3.15 Projections
3.16 Scan Conversion
3.17 Rendering
3.18 Rasterizing Polygons
3.19 Hidden Surface Removal
3.20 Anti Aliasing
3.21 Reflection
3.22 Shading
3.23 Generation of Characters
Chapter 4. Computer Hardware
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Computer Fundamentals
4.3 Classification of Computers
4.4 Data Communications
4.5 Design Work Stations
4.6 Architecture of a Typical Graphics Workstation
4.7 Interactive Display Devices
4.8 Input Devices
4.9 Output Devices
Chapter 5. Operating Systems and Environments
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operating System (OS)
5.3 Comparison of Commands in Popular Operating Systems
5.4 Unix-Operating System
5.5 Architecture of Unix System
5.6 Graphical User Interfaces (Windows Environment)
5.7 MS Windows
5.8 Windows NT
5.9 Linux
Chapter 6. Geometric Modeling Techniques
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Geometric Modeling
6.3 Salient Features of Solid Modeling
6.4 Command, Menu and Icon Driven Softwares
6.5 Features of Drafting Package
6.6 Drawing Utilities
6.7 Entities
6.8 Edit Commands
6.9 Blocks and Symbols
6.10 Display
6.11 Cross Hatching and Pattern Filling
6.12 Dimensioning
6.13 Enquiry Commands
6.14 3-D Drawings
6.15 Plotting a Drawing
6.16 Configuring the Drafting Software
6.17 Customisation
6.18 Drawing Interchange Files
6.19 Drawing Office Management
6.20 Surface Modeling
6.21 Representation of Curves and Surfaces
6.22 Design of Curved Shapes
6.23 Cubic Splines
6.24 Bezier Curves
6.25 β-Splines
6.26 Nurbs and B-Splines
6.27 Representation of Surfaces
6.28 Design of Surfaces
6.29 Parametric Design of Surfaces
6.30 Bicubic Polynomial Surface Patches
6.31 Bezier Bicubic Surface Patches
6.32 Cubic B-Spline Surfaces
6.33 Surface Modeling in Commercial Drafting and Modeling Software
6.34 The Conceptual Design Process
6.35 Sketching the Geometry
6.36 Understanding Curve and Surface Design
6.37 Other Features Useful for Conceptual Design
6.38 Data Transfer to Other Softwares
Chapter 7. Finite Element Modeling and Analysis in CIM
7.1 Introduction
7.2 General Steps Involved in Finite Element Analysis
7.3 Types of Analysis
7.4 Degrees of Freedom
7.5 Influence Coefficients
7.6 Element and Structure Stiffness Equations
7.7 Assembly of Elements
7.8 Finite Element Analysis Packages
7.9 General Structures of a Finite Element Analysis Procedure
7.10 Architecture of Finite Element Software
7.11 Using a Finite Element Analysis Package for Simple Problems
7.12 Elements in a Finite Element Analysis Software
7.13 Examples of Solution Using a Software
7.14 Manufacturing Applications
7.15 Welding Simulation
7.16 Finite Element Analysis Applications to Metal Forming
7.17 Simulation of Treatment
7.18 Plastic Injection Molding
Chapter 8. CIM Data Base and Data Base Management Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Database Requirements of CIM
8.3 Data Base
8.4 Database Management
8.5 Features of a Database Management System
8.6 Database Models
8.7 DBMS Architecture
8.8 Query Language
8.9 Structured Query Language [SQL]
8.10 SQL as a Knowledge Base Query Languages
8.11 Product Data Management (PDM)
8.12 Advantages of PDM
Chapter 9. Computer Aided Process Planning
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Process Planning
9.3 Structure of a Process Planning Software
9.4 Information Required for Process Planning
9.5 Operation of a Typical Computer Aided Process Planning Software
9.6 CAD Based Process Planning-Certain Limitations and Problems
9.7 Group Technology
9.8 Coding Structures
9.9 Opitz Classification System
9.10 The Miclass System
9.11 The Code System
9.12 Benefits of Group Technology
9.13 Process Selection
9.14 Experience Based Planning
9.15 Hand Books/Data Books/Manuals
9.16 Decision Tables and Decision Trees
9.17 Process Capability
9.18 Methods of Computer Aided Process Planning
9.19 Variant Process Planning
9.20 Generative Process Planning
9.21 Implementation Considerations
9.22 Process Planning Systems
Chapter 10. Planning of Resources for Manufacturing Through Information Systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.3 Role of MRP-ll in a CIM System
10.4 Major Modules of a Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP) Software
10.5 Manufacturing Applications
10.6 Engineering Applications
10.7 Financial Applications
10.8 Marketing Applications
10.9 Miscellaneous Applications
10.10 Common Acronyms Used in an MRP-ll Environment
10.11 Status of MRP-ll Software
10.12 Dynamic Enterprises
10.13 Enterprises Resourse Planning (ERP)
10.14 Supply Chain Management
10.15 Virtual Manufacturing
10.16 Selection of an ERP Package
10.17 ERP In India
10.18 Dynamic Enterprises Modelling (IDEM)
10.15 Virtual Manufacturing
10.16 Selection of an ERP Package
10.17 ERP In India
10.18 Dynamic Enterprise Modelling (DEM)
Chapter 11. Manufacturing Automation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Types of Automation Systems
11.3 Programmable Logic Controllers
11.4 Parts of a Typical PC System
11.5 Operation of a PLC
11.6 Programming of PLC
11.7 Example of Application of PLC in a CNC Machine
11.8 Factory Level Control
Chapter 12. CNC Machine Tools
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Principle of Operation of a Numerical Controlled Machine
12.3 Historical Development
12.4 Types of CNC Machines
12.5 Features of CNC Systems
12.6 Direct Numerical Control (DNC)
12.7 Functions Available in a Typical CNC System
12.8 Standard Controllers
12.9 Some of the Features Available in Typical High End CNC System
12.10 General Programming Features of CNC Systems
12.11 Programming of CNC Machine Tools
12.12 Hints for Programming
12.13 Example of Programming a Vertical Machining Centre
12.14 CNC Turning A Gear Blank
12.15 CNC Turning a Casting
12.16 CNC Program Development and Virtual Machining Using CAM Technology
12.17 Technology of CAM
12.18 Procedure of CAM
12.19 Manufacturing Operations
12.20 Tool Motion Parameters
12.21 Auxiliary NC Sequences
12.22 CL Data Files
12.23 NC Post Processing
12.24 Virtual Machining
12.25 Summary
Chapter 13. Robots in Computer Integrated Manufacturing
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Definition of a Robot
13.3 Types of Robots
13.4 Performance Capabilities
13.5 Programming Robots
13.6 Geometric Rquirements for the CAD/ROBOT Linkage
13.7 Simulation
13.8 Adaptive Control
13.9 Robot Operation
13.10 Ends of Arm Tooling
13.11 Control System Operation
13.12 Application of Industrial Robots
13.13 The Integration of the Industrial Robot into a CIM System
13.14 Presentation of Work to Robots
13.15 Product Design for Automatic Manufacture by Robots
13.16 Manufacturers of Robots
Chapter 14. Computer Aided Quality Control
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Total Quality Management (TQM)
14.3 QC and CIM
14.4 Inspection and Testing
14.5 Statistical Process Control (SPC)
14.6 Objectives of CAQC
14.7 Role of Computer in QC
14.8 Coordinate Measuring Machine
14.9 Non-Contact Inspection Methods
14.10 Post Process Metrology
14.11 Computer Aided Inspection Using Robots
14.12 Integrated Computer Aided Inspection Systems
14.13 Flexible Inspection System (FIS)
Chapter 15. Fundamentals of Networking
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Principles of Networking
15.3 Network Techniques
15.4 Local Area Network (LAN)
15.5 Components of a Small Local Area Network
15.6 Network Wiring Methods
15.7 Network Interface Cards
15.8 Networking Standards and Their Development
15.9 Examples of Network Standards
15.10 Ethernet
15.11 Issues in Inter-System Communication
15.12 Network Operating Systems
15.13 System Security
15.14 Managing Remote Systems in a Network
15.15 Design Activity in a Networked Environment
15.16 Engineering Change Control
15.17 Networking in a Manufacturing Company
15.18 Network File System (NFS)
15.19 Internet
15.20 Hardware Elements of a Network
15.21 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Networks
15.22 Enterprise Wide Network
15.23 Document and Workflow Management System
15.24 A Case Study of Application of Global Networking
Chapter 16. Collaborative Engineering
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Faster Design Throughput
16.3 Web based Design
16.4 Changing Design Approaches
16.5 Extended Enterprises
16.6 Softaware For Collaborative Design and Enterprise-Wide Product Visualization
Chapter 17. Graphic Standards
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Standards for Graphics Programming
17.3 Features of GKS
17.4 Other Graphics Standards
17.5 Phigs
17.6 Opengl
17.7 Parasolid
17.8 Acis
17.9 Exchange of CAD Data Between Software Packages
17.10 DXF Files
17.11 Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) Graphics Standard
17.12 Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES)
17.13 Other Data Exchange Formats
17.14 Product Data Technology Support for Computer Aided Concurrent Engineering
Chapter 18 CIM Models
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Esprit-CIM OSA Model
18.3 The NIST-AMRF Hierarchical Model
18.4 The Siemens Model of CIM
18.5 The CIM Model of Digital Equipment Corporation
18.6 The IBM Concept of CIM
18.7 Present Scenario
Chapter 19. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Subsystems of FMS
19.3 Scope of FMS
19.4 FMS Compared to Other Types of Manufacturing Approaches
19.5 Types of FMS
19.6 Benefits of FMS
19.7 Major Elements of FMS
19.8 Optimisation of FMS
19.9 Operational Elements of a Typical Flexible Manufacturing Cell
19.10 Typical FMS Layout
19.11 FMS Development in India
Chapter 20. Shop Floor Data Collection Systems
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Shop Floor Control
20.3 Shop Floor Data Collection
20.4 Types of Data Collection Systems
20.5 Data Input Techniques
20.6 Automatic Data Collection System
20.7 Bar Code Technology
20.8 Optical Character Recognition
20.9 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
20.10 Voice Recognition
20.11 Smart Cards
20.12 Data Acquisition Systems (DAS)
Chapter 21. Simulation in Manufacturing
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Types of Simulation
21.3 Techniques of Simulation
21.4 Simulation Process for Manufacturing Systems Analysis
21.5 Simulation Software Packages
21.6 Application of Simulation
21.7 Procedure for Simulation Using Software
Index
Nội dung
[...]... common database wherever feasible and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing and associated business functions that combine the automated segments of a factory or a manufacturing facility CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing and thereby relieves the process of its slow, expensive and error-prone component CIM stands for a holistic and methodological approach to the... materials handling, welding, painting and assembly All these developments led to the evolution of flexible manufacturing cells and flexible manufacturing systems in late 70’s Evolution of Computer Aided Design (CAD), on the other hand was to cater to the geometric modeling needs of automobile and aeronautical industries The developments in computers, design workstations, graphic cards, display devices and. .. robots, material handling systems, computer controlled assembly systems, flexibly automated inspection systems and so on vii Warehousing: Warehousing is the function involving storage and retrieval of raw materials, components, finished goods as well as shipment of items In today’s complex outsourcing scenario and the need for just-in-time supply of components and subsystems, logistics and supply chain... team Everyone interacts with each other from the start, and they perform their tasks in parallel The team reviews the design from the point of view of marketing, process, tool design and procurement, operation, facility and capacity planning, design for manufacturability, assembly, testing and maintenance, standardization, procurement of components and sub-assemblies, quality assurance etc as the design... development Any possible bottleneck in the development process is thoroughly studied and rectified All the departments get a chance to review the design and identify delays and difficulties The departments can start their own processes simultaneously For example, the tool design, procurement of material and machinery and recruitment and training of manpower which contributes to considerable delay can be taken... planning and manufacturing is essential for satisfactory implementation of concurrent engineering The teamwork also brings additional advantages ; the co-operation between various specialists and systematic application of special methods such as QFD (Quality Function Deployment), DFMA (Design for Manufacture and Assembly) and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) ensures quick optimization of design and. .. should include online dynamic scheduling and control based on the real time performance of the equipment and processes to assure continuous production activity Often, the need to meet fluctuating market demand requires the manufacturing system flexible and agile vi Factory Automation Hardware: Factory automation equipment further enriches the database with equipment and process data, resident either in... Variable and Programmable automation ii Real time optimization The computer has the capability to accomplish the above for hardware components of manufacturing (the manufacturing machinery and equipment) and software component of manufacturing (the application software, the information flow, database and so on) The capabilities of the computer are thus exploited not only for the various bits and pieces... batch of products at enormous cost and loss of goodwill The sales and service department usually takes care of attending to the customers’ problems That is why manufacturers of automobiles, entertainment electronic goods, fast moving consumer goods like washing machines and refrigerators etc have elaborate sales and service network The sales volume will pick up gradually and peak after some time The product... during 1950-1990 Machine control systems are now designed around microprocessors and microelectronics is part and parcel of industrial drives and control The significant advances in miniaturization through integration of large number of components into small integrated chips and the consequent improvement in reliability and performance have increased the popularity of microelectronics This has resulted . RadhakrishnanP. Radhakrishnan P. RadhakrishnanP. Radhakrishnan P. Radhakrishnan S. SubramanianS. Subramanian S. SubramanianS. Subramanian S. Subramanian V. RajuV. Raju V. RajuV. Raju V. Raju This page intentionally. edition and to Pradeep for critical suggestions. The excellent support and encouragement extended by Padmini, Anitha and Hari during the revision of this edition is gratefully acknowledged. P. RadhakrishnanP moving towards more and more sophistication in exploiting the capabilities of computer hardware and software. Robust design methodologies and integration of shape design and functional design