iVghien cuu - Treo do; TS Nguyen Van Hung Vi¢11 Cong nghe va Qudn tri A Chau (AlTECH) Tom tat: Gioi thieu di)c diem, phdn, cdu hinh co ban, mo hinh tdng dam may cua dien todn dam may Neu bat cdc loi ich cua viec Lingdung difn todn dam may thu vien so Dua cdc mo hinh dien toan dam may thu vien s6' va thu vien cac truong dai hoc Tu khoa: Dien toan dam may; Thir vien s6; Thir vien truong dai hoc Cloud computing in library - indispensable trend of university libraries Summaries: Presents feature, composition, basic configuration, cloud computing; highlights benefits of cloud computing application forth a model of cloud computing in digital libraries and university Keywords: Cloud computing; Digital lihrary: University library; infrastructure model of to digital libraries; sets ones Academic library D i~n toan.dfun may (cloud compuung) chua han la mot cong nghe moi, nhung n6 la mot cuoc each mang dang lam thay d6i ban chat cua cong nghe thong tin va tac dong manh den moi linh vue, d6 c6 hoat dong thu vien Bai viet khai quat dien toan dam may va phac thao xu the tat yeu cua viec img dung thu vien s6 tren nen tang cong nghe dien toan dam may Khai quat v~ dien toan dam may o mo hinh dien toan nay, moi kha nang lien quan den cong nghe thong tin deu duoc cung cap duoi dang cac "dich vu", cho phep nguoi dung truy cap cac dich vu cong nghe tl1 mot nha cung cap nao d6 "trong dam may" ma khong dn phai c6 cac kien thtrc, kinh nghiem v~ cong nghe d6, cling nhu khong d.n quan tam den cac co tang phuc VI,! cong nghe d6 Theo HQi Ky sir Dien - Dien tu (IEEE): "Dien to an dam may la hinh mau d6 thong tin duoc luu trfr thuong true tai cac may su sa 24 - Cloud Computing Hinh 1: M6 hinh ttJlIg quail \'(! Jirll (0£111 diun mar chu tren Internet va chi duoc luu trfr tarn tho; cac may khach, bao gom may tinh ca nhan, trung tam giai tri, may tinh doanh nghiep, cac phuong tien may tinh earn tay, " a 1.1 Dil-c diem Dien toan dam may c6 nhung d~c di~m THONG TIN va TU' lI~U - 6/2013 J'lghien cuu - Treo doi hang; doc I~p thiet bi va vi tri; cho phep khach hang truy cap he thong tir bat ky noi nao hoac bang bat ky thiet bi gi; nhieu nguoi su dung; phan phoi theo nhu du su dung; quan ly duoc hieu suat; kha nang mo rong; cai thien tai nguyen; kha nang tri N6i chung khach hang khong d.n so huu co so tang, ho chi phai tra cho nhtrng gi ho su dung Viec chia se gitra nhieu nguoi thue giup tan dung nguon tai nguyen may tinh va giam chi phi chinh nhu: tranh phi ton cho khach 1.2 Thanh phdn Dien toan dam may duoc chia nam lop rieng biet, c6 tac dong qua lai Iftn LOp khdcli hang (Client): bao gom phan cimg va phan mern, dua vao do, khach hang c6 th~ truy cap va su dung cac img dung/dich vu duoc cung cap tCrdien toan dam may Lap ling dung (Application): lam nhiern vu phan phdi phan mern nhu rnot dich vu thong qua Internet, nguoi dung khong cftn phai cai d~t va chay cac tmg dung d6 tren may tinh cua minh, cac irng dung de dang duoc chinh sua va nguoi dung de dang nhan duoc su ho tro Lap nen tang (Platform): cung cap nen tang cho dien toan va cac giai phap cua dich vu, chi phci den cau true tang cua "dam may" va la di~m tua cho lop tmg dung, cho phep cac irng dung heat dong tren nen tang d6 LOp cO' sO- tdng (Infrastructure): thay vi khach hang phai mua cac server, phan mem, trung tam dfr lieu hoac thiet bi ket noi, gio day, ho van c6 th~ c6 d§.y dtl tai nguyen d~ su dung rna chi phi duoc THONG TIN vo TU'LiEU - 6/2013 giarn thieu, hoac tham chi mien phi Day la mot buoc tien h6a cua mo hinh may chu ao (Virtual Private Server) Lop server - may chic (Server}: bao gom cac san ph~m phan cimg va phan rnern may tinh, dU'Q'Cthiet ke va xay dung d~c biet d~ cung cap cac dich vu cua dam may 1.3 Cdu hinh coo ban cua ring dung dam may Thong thuong cac dich vu dien roan dam may bao gorn ba cau hinh: Dich vu phan mem (SaaS) - cho phep nguoi dung truy cap cac ling dung duoc cung cap boi cac nha cung cap dich vu dam may ngoai va nQi bo; Dich vu nen tang (PaaS)- cac phan mem va dich vu thiet yeu chay tren may chu h~ dieu hanh nhir cac cong cu phat trien, co so dtr lieu, trung gian, phan mern bao mat va xac thuc; Dich VI,! co s& t§.ng (IaaS) - cho phep cac to chirc tu cung cap cac h~ dieu hanh nen nhu Windows hay Linux bang phU'OTIgthirc tra tnroc Su dung IaaS se giup giam thoi gian cho doi cho viec mua va l~p d~t may chu, cung nhir tao mot nen tang kinh doanh manh me cho nhieu to chirc 1.4 Sf! khdc biet gitia di~n todn dam may va dien todn truyen thong Khac voi mo hinh dien toan truyen thong, dien toan dam may luu tnr va Iy toan bo thong tin dam may Internet MQi cong nghe, ky thuat, co so tang cung nhir chi phi tri~n khai dam may se nha cung cap dam bao xay dung va tri Do do, thay vi phai d§.u tu nr dau voi rat nhieu tien cho xay dung co s& tang rieng, cac ca nhan, doanh nghiep qua trinh hoat dong se chi phai tra tien vira du theo nhu du Slr dung cua minh (pay-for-what-you-use) xu so 25 l':Ighien cuu - 'treo deS; 1.5 Cac mo hinh tdng dam may C6 ba kieu hinh dam may ung dung dam may thir vien: rieng tu, cong cong va lai Mot dam may cong cong la dam may duoc cung cap dong tren Internet bang each su dung cac img dung web tu mot nha cung cap ben thtr ba ben ngoai cung cap cac tai nguyen chi a se va gui h6a don tinh cuoc tren C(Js& tinh toan viec dung cac tai nguyen su Cac dam may rieng tu ton tai ben tuong lira cua mot cong ty va t6 chirc cua cong ty quan 1Y Chung la cac dich vu dam may chinh cong ty tao va kiem soat doanh nghiep cua minh Cac dam may lai la su ket hQP cua dam may cong cong va rieng tu dung cac dich vu c6 ca hai vung cong cong va su rieng tu, (rng dung di~n toan dam may thu vi~n 2.1 L(Ji the ctia dien toan dam may thsr vien so' so Thong qua dien toan dam may, cac C(J thu vien s6 se giai quyet duoc bai roan v~ xay dung C(Js& tang, phan mem, va hru tnr dfr lieu Nho dien to an dam may co the xay dung dich vu dung mot l~n va sau d6 su dung nhieu I~n boi dong dao nguoi dung theo nhu cau cua ho Dien toan dam may la mot I~ chon t6t nhat cho cac C(J thu vien s6 SU dung hieu qua thong tin N6 se khong chi lam loi cho nguoi su dung ma giup cac thir vien xay dung C(J s& tang da nang tinh toan thuong xuyen Dien toan dam may la mo hinh dich VI,I luu tn} voi quy mo IOn v~ sa su su sa 26 thong tin DCr lieu co lien quan voi cong viec nghien cuu khac nhau, du an hoac thong tin c6 the tai dung, d~u co the dU'Q'Cgiao cho cac dam may luu tn1', quan ly va co the duoc truy cap theo yeu duo Cac C(J thu vien s6 hQ'P tac voi de xay dung mot kho liru trtr thong tin thee mo hinh hru tnr tap trung ao Day la co che hoat dong co hieu qua nharn giarn chi phi luu trfr de tri kho dii' lieu thir vien s6 theo dien toan dam may "Dich VI,I luu trii' dam may" khong chi giup nguoi dung co the truy cap den dfr lieu cua ho tir bat cu dau, thong qua nhieu thiet bi c6 kha nang ker n6i Internet, ma giup giam thieu rui ro mat mat, hu hong dfr lieu doi xay neu su dung cac bien phap luu tnr truyen thong nhu cimg, cimg di dong USB, hay ilia DVD, CD, su sa 2.2 Tinh hinh ling dung dicb v~ di¢1l todn dam may thtr vien so Mot s6 mroc tren the gioi da c6 sang kien su dung dien toan dam may de phuc vu cho giang vien, sinh vien va cac nha nghien cuu cac nuoc, d(lc biet la Hoa Ky, cac thir vien cua truong hoc da van dung nhanh viec irng dung de giup giam thieu nhtrng chi phi lien quan den viec d~u tu he thong, ban quyen phan mern va nhan su Dieu cang phu hQ'P hon d6i voi cac tnrong cao d£ng, dai hoc, noi phai phuc vu cho mot khoi luong nguoi dung len den hang chuc nghin Tieu bieu la Thu vien so' toan bf) nhdt tai Italy, Thu vien Thong tin Van h6a Chau Au (the European Library of Information and Culture - BEIC) chon trien khai Primo tai trang tin dien tfr de lam giao dien cho cac bo suu tap Thuc hien chia se nguon luc thong tin THONG TIN va TU' LI~U - 6/2013 j\}ghien cuu - Jrao doi he thong thu vien cac truong dai hoc, Truong D o ziai doan L Tnrons '=' dil xay dims b duoc 580 tai lieu cua thu vien truong va da dua len "may" kho tai lieu dien tiX d~ tra ciru tai lieu roan van phuc vu nhu d.u thong tin cua can bo va giang vien va khuyen khich ho tra ciru, siX dung kho tai I ieu dien tiX tren nen tang iDragon Cloud c6 phan quyen truy cap, bang giai phap dien toan dam may M6 hinh dien toan dam may thu vien so va thu vien cac truong Cac nguon dtr li~u gitra hai thu vien dai hoc v~n tU'OTIgdoi doc lap gay lang phi khong it cac nguon tai chinh va nhan luc, hay mot so tnrong dai hoc va cao d~ng chi siX dung mot phan nho cac nguon CSDL, chua siX dung het hieu suat, nen chua t~n dung het cac nguon tai nguyen so h6a Chinh VI vay, dien toan dam may c6 th~ giup siX dung hieu qua cac nguon tai nguyen, va giai quyet nhtrng khiern khuyet cua cac thir vien so Di~m dac biet & nen tang dien toan dam may la Dc;tihoc B May chu May chu A B Hinh THONG TIN va TU'lI~U - 6/2013 vu thu vien so di dong, PDA, Dien roan dam may thuc hien cac chirc nang ph an phoi cho rat nhieu may tinh clnr khong rieng cho cac may tinh cue bo hay cac may chu tir xa N6i each khac, dien toan dam may c6 kha nang tich hop dfr lieu va dua chung len dam may cong cong d~ phuc vu nguoi siX dung 3.1 Ung dung dien todn dam may Dien toan dam may rat phu hop voi tinh toan chi phi, hieu suat, hop tac nh6m va nhung iru di~m v~ vi tri dia ly Vi dong thoi voi tung quy trinh img dung siX dung rieng cho minh mot nen rieng, mot may chu rieng se rat lang phi SiX dung di~n d~ihQc D~i hoc A kh6ng gian lam viec doc lap kha nang IU'U trfr 16'11,c6 th~ truy cap moi luc, moi noi tren nhieu thiet bi nhu: iPad, dien thoai di dong lien thong giira cac dich vu khac nhau, dich vu tham khao true tuyen, dich toan dam may c6 th~ chia se may chu cho nhieu quy trinh trng dung, thuc hien chia se tai nguyen, va qua d6, giam thieu dung luong cho may chu, thuc hien tiet giam chi phi Do d6 tan dung dien toan dam may thu vien ky thuat so se dem lai hieu qua cao hO'/1cho cong viec, doi song va hoc tap D~i hoc B D~i hoc A ~ Ke hoach May chu X cilia se /1UlY chti 27 Hghi{m cuu - Treo MQi may chu dien toan dam may d~u co th~ la may chu dien toan, va nhu vay se tan dung duoc tai nguyen cua cac may chu Tren Hinh moi dam may dai dien chonguon CSDL cua cac thu vien so cac dai hoc Cir hai dum may tro len c6 th~ tao mot dum may Ion hon, va c6 th~ chia dam may hay dam may tich hQ'P cho nhtrng vung khac hay cac truong dai hoc c6 thu hang khac Saas (Software as a Service) - Dich vu phan mern - se thong qua trinh duyet hinh cac dich vu cung dip cho cac img dung, giup nguoi su dung va nha cung cap tiet giarn chi phi Paas (Platform as a service) - Dich vu nen tang - xac dinh boi dang dich vu cung cap nen tmg dung va tri~n khai cho cac nha khai thac, giup ho c6 th~ SIT dung nen d~ phat trien, tri~n khai va quan ly cac ung dung SaaS Nen SUdV~\ Nh6m nguoi Nh6m nguoi aoi tang thuong bao gorn CSDL, phan mern trung gian (quan ly ket noi giiia khach hang va CSDL) va cac cong cu phat tri~n Tat cii deu c6 dang dich vu thong CO' s& tang laaS von Iii qua Internet dich vu, xac dinh cac dang dich Vt ! cung cap cac phan cung may chu, luu tnr va n6i mang 3.2 To chtic thuc hien Tren Hinh 4, nguoi quan ly dam may bao gom dai dien cua truong dai hoc, cua chinh phu va cua nha cung cap dich Trach nhiem quan ly bao V\! gom: quan ly tac nghiep hang ngay, cung cap dich vu cao cap va bao mat cao, hinh hop dong, dieu pho! IQ'iich cho cac ben tham gia va thuc hien xu phat doi voi nguoi Stl dung phi phap va hoat dong trai phep ln Nh6m nguoi g Cac may ehu Dien toan Dam may r , M~ M~ M~ Chu Chu Chu Di~n Toan D~ Di~n Toan D~ Di~n Toan D~ M~ M~ M~ 12M 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I /i Dam may < Dam may 2········ Dam may L Hinh SO'dli flute bien di¢n roan dam may 28 THONG TIN va TU' LI~U - 6/2013 i'.lghi{m cuu - Treo doi 3.3 Mo hinli dich trutrng dai hoc Cac thu vien truong thu vien so' VI! dai hoc c6 tac du ng rat 16n den nghien ciru khoa hoc va qua trinh dao iao Cong nghe thong tin d