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LỜI CAM ĐOAN PAGE 12 INTRODUCTION 1 General overview of the thesis The thesis “Development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta today” is the result of independent research[.]
1 INTRODUCTION General overview of the thesis The thesis “Development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta today” is the result of independent research of the author on the basis of reference more than 100 books, related documents that related to the thesis The author also has the dedicated help of the guidance staff and many economic scientists The theisis includes: Introduction, overview of research issues, chapters (7 periods), conclusions, lists of scientific works of authors, reference lists and appendices Reasons for choosing thesis topic In the context of modern scientific and technological revolution, countries all over the world are very interested in researching and applying the achievements of science and technology into agriculture - the industry produces irreplaceable products for the survival and development of mankind Vietnam is an underdeveloped agricultural country and is in the industrialization, modernization and development of the socialist-oriented market economy The Vietnam of Communist party and the State always pay special attention to the development of economic, agriculture and rural areas, first of all investing in the development of science and technology for agricultural production The Red river delta is one of the two largest agricultural regions in the country with features, natural geographic advantages, terrestrial climates, farming traditions, infrastructure and human resources It is in Hanoi capital and near the centers of scientific research, education and training so there are more and more conditions and capactities to research and apply the achievements of science and technology into agricultural production With the prioritized investment of the state, efforts of localities in the region, many achievements of science and technology have been applied in agricultural production in recent years, whichs makes an important step of the productivity, quality and efficiency of agricultural production and business However, the current situation of development of agricultural science and technology in the Red River Delta has not escaped from backwardness The scale, speed and level of development of science and technology are far from the average rate of the regions and the world Many issues need to be addressed in order for the development of science and technology for agriculture to match the demands of modern and sustainable agriculture On the other hand, the Red River Delta is a region with many hot spots and is a typical region of agriculture, farmers and rural areas in Vietnam today Many urgent issues without the use of science and technology will not be effectively addressed such as agricultural and rural environmental pollution; "dirty food"; ensurance of food security in the context of the impact of climate change and urbanization; finding outlets for agricultural products; studying the conservation and development of endemic plant and animal breeds and precious gene sources in agriculture Before such a situation, the development of science and technology for agriculture has made science and technology the main mean for enhancing added value and a key motive of agricultural development with large, modern and sustainable scale in the Red River Delta is a pressing issue today From the above reasons, the fellow chooses the topic of "Development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta today" as a doctoral thesis in political economy Research purpose and tasks * Research purpose The thesis clarifies the theoretical and practical basis for the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta in the past, on the basis of which it proposes fundamental views and major solutions for the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta in the near future * The tasks of the thesis - To clarify the theories for scientific and technological development in agriculture in the Red River Delta; Studying practical experience in a number of countries with developed agriculture to draw lessons for the Red River Delta - Fully and honestly assessing the practical situation of scientific and technological development of agriculture in the Red River Delta today - Proposing basic ideas and solutions to develop science and technology for agriculture in the Red river delta in the coming time Objects and scope of research * Objects of research : Development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta from the point of view of Marxist-Leninist political economy * Scope of research The scope of content: Studying the development of science and technology as a resource for agriculture in the Red River Delta 3 Agriculture studied in this topic is agriculture in the narrow sense of cultivation and livestock The scope of space: Researching in 11 provinces and cities in the Red River Delta The scope of time: Studying and surveying from 2006 to 2016, proposing solutions for further development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta up to 2020 with a vision to 2030 Theoretical, practical basis and research methods: * Theoretical basis of the thesis: The thesis is based on the basic theory of Marxist-Leninist political economy, the Ho Chi Minh economic thought and the viewpoints and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on economic development and scientific and technology development that serves the development of the fields, especially the agricultural sector * Practical basis of the thesis The thesis is based on the inheritance of achievements from the research of Vietnam and foreign scientists in science and technology for agriculture and the practical situation of science and technology development for agriculture in the Red River Delta * Research methods The thesis author uses a combination of research methods of Marxist-Leninist political economy, focusing mainly on the following methods: dialectical materialism method; scientific abstraction method; system approach method; methods of analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparison; professional method New contributions of the thesis - Introducing the concept, content and clarifying the factors affecting the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta from the perspective of Marxist-Leninist political economy - Evaluating the situation, pointing out the contradictions that need to be solved in the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta - Proposing ideas and solutions to create a breakthrough in the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta in the coming time 4 Theoretical, practical significances of the thesis - The thesis initially provides scientific arguments that can be inherited in the study of scientific and technological development theories for agriculture in our country It can be used as reference material in teaching political economy at universities and colleges inside and outside the military or researchers and policy makers on the development of science and technology in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in our country - The thesis will also provide the practical data and solutions to solve practical issues raised in the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta It also provides experience that can be applied to other localities throughout the country Structure of the thesis Include introduction, overview of research issues, chapters (7 periods), conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the thesis, list of references and appendices OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES 1.The overseas typical scientific works related to the thesis 1.1 The typical scientific works of the development of science and technology There are typical works: Shoichi Yamashita (editor) (1994), "Technology transfer and management of Japan in ASEAN Countries"; UNESCO (2010), "UNESCO Science Report 2010 - The Current Status of Science around the World"; Jorge Niosi (editor) (2012), "Developing science and technology - Some of the world's experiences"; Dan Senor (editor) (2013), "Start-up nation"; The EU (2013), "Industrial R & D Investment scoreboard" 1.2 The typical scientific works of the development of science and technology for agriculture There are typical works: Yujiro Hayami (1991), "The agricultural development of Japan"; Lulian Gonsalves (eds) (2005), "Participatory research and development for sustainable agriculture and natural resource management"; The World Bank (2005), "Agriculture investment sourcebook: Agriculture and rural Development"; Beverly D McIntyre (eds) (2009), "International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development"; Department of Science and Technology - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of China (2010), "China's agricultural science and technology policy till 2010" The typical scientific works related to the thesis in Vietnam 2.1 The typical scientific works related to the theories of scientific and technological development for agriculture Typical projects include: Nguyen Duc Loi (2000), "Applying scientific and technological advances in the development of our country's agriculture", Ph.D Do Kim Chung (2005), "Policies and methods for the transfer of technology in Agriculture in the Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam"; Pham Duc Nghiem (Editor) (2011), "Renovation of technology transfer for agriculture and forestry development in the Central Highlands"; Ta Ba Hung (Editor) (2012), "Science and technology for industrialization, modernization and sustainable development"; Truong Giang Long (editor) (2013), "Science and technology in sustainable agricultural development in the Mekong Delta"; Nguyen Huu Thu (eds) (2013), "Demand for applying advanced science and technology in agricultural production and attitudes of farmers towards land acquisition policy of the state"; Duong Hong Dat (2013), "Building and replication of the application of scientific and technological advances to agricultural and rural production" 2.2 The typical scientific works related to the theories of scientific and technological development for agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2005), "Science and technology for agriculture and rural development 20 years of renewal"; Nguyen Nhu Hien (eds) (2006), "Biotechnology and its application to the development of rural and agriculture"; Ho Duc Viet (editors) (2010), "Building and developing the market for science and technology in a socialist-oriented market economy"; Tran Van Khanh (editors) (2010), "Rice post-harvest technology in Vietnam"; Tran Hong Luu (2011), "Role of scientific knowledge in the cause of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam today"; Nguyen Thi To Quyen (Editor) (2012), "Agriculture, farmers, rural areas in the new economic growth model 2011-2020"; Le Xuan Dinh (editor) (2014), "Vietnam Science and Technology 2014" 6 2.3 The typical scientific works related to solutions to develop science and technology for agriculture Typical works are: Le Cao Thanh (2003), "Solutions to promote the transfer of technical advances to rice production in the Mekong Delta 2003-2010", PhD thesis in economics; Nguyen Van Hoi (ed.) (2009), "Developing science and technology market in agriculture in Vietnam"; Doan Xuan Thuy (Editor) (2011), "Agricultural production support policy in Vietnam"; Pham Bao Duong (2012), "Policy for research, transfer and application of technical advances: the key of agricultural development in the 21st century" General evaluation of the result of published scientific works and the research issues of the thesis 3.1 Overview of published scientific works related to thesis With different approaches, the research works mentioned quite comprehensively both theoretical and practical development of science and technology in general, science and technology for agriculture in particular These works are an valuable source of materials, which helps the fellows to carry out research on thesis However, up to now, there has been no research to systematically and comprehensively study the development of science and technology for agriculture from the perspective of the study of political economics In particular, none of the works has built the theoretical and practical basis for accelerating the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta; The assessment and exploration of the current situation of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta is also individual and mainly accessible from the perspective of the sectoral economy; solutions are not synchronous and comprehensive 3.2 The research issues of the thesis Theory: Clarify the theoretical and practical basis of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta Specifically: Clarify the notion of Marxism-Leninism, the thought of Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam on the role of science and technology in agricultural development; introducing the concept, content and analysis to clarify the factors that affect the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta; Study the experience of some countries in the development of science and technology for agriculture and to draw lessons for the Red River Delta Situation: Conducting a complete, objective and honest evaluation of the situation of scientific and technological development of agriculture in the Red River Delta from 2006 to now The assessment of the situation does not stop at the simple statistics but the thesis will clarify the cause of the situation and at the same time point out the basic barriers that need to be removed to promote development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta Perspectives and solutions: To propose basic ideas and solutions to promote the development of science and technology in agriculture in the Red River Delta in the coming time The thesis will be sequenced, generalizing the solutions from published scientific works into a relatively tight and complete system; the analysis clarifies the basis, content, requirements and measures of each solution closely to the characteristics and conditions of the Red River Delta to create a breakthrough in the development of science and technology for agriculture Chapter THEORY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 1.1 Theory of scientific and technology development for agriculture 1.1.1 Concept of Marxist-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought and Communist Party of Vietnam on the role of science and technology in agricultural development 1.1.1.1 The Marxist-Leninist conception of the role of science and technology in agricultural development Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx are the first to study, clarify the great role of science and technology for socio-economic development in general and agricultural development in particular by the sharp methodology of materialist dialectics With predictions that science and technology will become "direct production forces," Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx profoundly analyzed the role of science and technology in the development of capitalist production in general, and the development of agriculture in particular Lenin was a great successor of Marxist-Engels theories on the role of science and technology in agricultural development He deeply analyzes the role of science and technology in the development of commercial agriculture, particularly for the expansion of production and the development of the agro-processing industry 1.1.1.2 Ho Chi Minh thought about the role of science and technology in agricultural development In the thought system of Ho Chi Minh for agricultural and rural development, the idea of promoting the application of scientific and technological advances to production is very special By simple statements, simple essays and concrete actions, he clarifies the prerequisite of science and technology for the development of agriculture According to him, only to promote the application of science and technology into production, the Vietnam agriculture has just flourished as the foundation for comprehensive socio-economic development in the countryside 1.1.1.3 The view of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the role of science and technology in agricultural development Going up from a backward agricultural country, industrialization, modernization and development of the socialistoriented market economy, our Party has paid special attention to the development of science and technology for agriculture Accordingly, the Party's guiding views on this issue are often supplemented and perfected by our Party in response to the demands of reality In the documents of the Party issued since the renovation, the issue of promoting research and application of achievements of modern science and technology in agriculture is always respected by the Party Science and technology are identified by the Party as the "top priority", which is the most fundamental motive for developing largescale, modern and sustainable agriculture 1.1.2 Concepts and characteristics of science and technology for agriculture 1.1.2.1 Concept of science and technology for agriculture Inherit the scientific, technological, scientific and technological activities concepts published in the relevant research and have been legally defined in Article of the Vietnam Science and Technology Law 2013, science and technology for agriculture can be understood as follows: Science and technology for agriculture is the system of knowledge, solutions, processes and know-how used to discover, transform, and develop the resources of social nature and thought to ensure agriculture is developing in a modern and sustainable way, meeting the increasing demand of the agricultural products of the people 1.1.2.2 Characteristics of science and technology for agriculture Science and technology for agriculture have the following characteristics: Firstly, the speed and level of development of science and technology for agriculture is often slower and lower than that of other science and technology Secondly, the development of agricultural science and technology often relies on major biological and ecological advances; Thirdly, science and technology for agriculture is regional, local; Fourthly, science and technology serves a variety of agricultural scales and levels 1.2 The concept, content and factors that affect the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red river delta 1.2.1 Concept of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta Based on analyzes and interpretations of the concept of development and development of science and technology for agriculture, PhD students have come up with the concept of development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red river delta as follows: The development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta is a holistic approach, measures are used by subjects to create quantitative and qualitative improvements, the quantity of elements and components constituting scientific and technological resources in service of agriculture shall ensure the optimal exploitation and use of resources for the development of agriculture in the region along the direction of modernity and sustainability This concept shows the subject, purpose and mode of scientific and technological development in the Red river delta These factors have a close, dialectical relationship in which the development agent plays the most important role Therefore, to promote the development of agricultural science and technology in the Red river delta, the role of the actors, especially the role of the "four skateholders" in agriculture (state, scientists, entrepreneurs, farmers) 1.2.2 Content of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta 10 From the point of view of Marxist-Lenin political science, the contents of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red river delta include: 1.2.2.1 Development of research facilities, applications and systems of technical facilities of science and technology for agriculture Firstly, increase the number and improve the quality of research and application of science and technology for agriculture in the whole region Secondly, develop the system of technical facilities, equipment for research and application of science and technology in agriculture 1.2.2.2 Development of human resources for science and technology for agriculture First, increase the number of scientific and technological human resources Second, improve the quality of human resources science and technology Third, reasonable assurance of the structure of human resources science and technology 1.2.2.3 Develop scientific and technological activities for agriculture First, increase the number and improve the quality of scientific and technological activities in agriculture Second, improve the socio-economic efficiency of science and technology in agriculture 1.2.2.4 Development of science and technology markets for agriculture First, develop intermediate institutions of the agricultural science and technology market Second, develop communication activities in science and technology for agriculture The contents are intimately interrelated, with the first and second contents have aims of enhancing the potentials of science and technology for agriculture The third development is aimed at transforming the potential into the real power of science and technology for agriculture The fourth development is aimed at ensuring the supply and demand of scientific products and agricultural technology 11 1.2.3 Factors affecting the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red river delta 1.2.2.1 Group of objective factors Include: Demand for modern and sustainable agricultural commodity development; the level of development of national science and technology; political and geographical factors in the Red river delta; agricultural and rural infrastructure in the Red River Delta; the development of science and technology markets in agriculture 1.2.2.2 Group of subjective factors Include: Science and technology human resources for agriculture; labor resources in agriculture in the Red River Delta; mechanisms and policies for scientific and technological development in service of agriculture; investment capital for scientific and technological development in agriculture 1.3 Experiences in agricultural science and technology development in some countries and lessons for the Red River Delta 1.3.1 Experience in agricultural science and technology development in some countries 1.3.1.1 Thailand's Experience: To become one of the world's leading agricultural exporters, the policy of developing science and technology for agriculture in Thailand has some notable features: First, prioritize the development of cutting edge technologies in agriculture The Thailand government has been promoting agricultural biotechnology, post harvesting technology and agricultural mechanics as key fields in terms of productivity, quality and efficiency of agriculture Second, promote the role of the government The role of the government is clearly expressed through the provision of many policies that motivate research and application of scientific and technological advances to agriculture The King of Thailand also plays a huge role in the development of agricultural science and technology He was the only King with many patented agricultural research projects and was the first person to receive the "Lifetime Achievement for Human Development" award from the United Nations 1.3.1.2 China's experience: Although only 7% of the world's agricultural land, China has to feed 1.357 billion people, or 22% of 12 the world's population Therefore, China's demand for food and food is huge To resolve this conflict, the Chinese government has developed a strategy for developing modern agriculture These important policies are: Firstly, implementing the revolution in science and technology China has rapidly transformed its agricultural growth model through the implementation of a revolution in agricultural science and technology Secondly, development of science and technology development plans suitable to each stage and each agricultural production area China has divided its agricultural production into three phases: preproduction, production and post-production to give priority to the development of agricultural technologies Thirdly, prioritize the development of science and technology in township enterprises China has focused on building a network of "dragon head" enterprises in township businesses; to accelerate the research and application of modern science and technology in these enterprises Fourthly, implementation of large investment policy for science and technology China has made major investments to realize the goal of bringing the content of science and technology in the value structure of the agricultural sector to 70% by 2020 1.3.1.3 Japan's Experience: Japan is a country with unfavorable natural conditions for agricultural production but soon became the country with the most modern agriculture in the world To achieve that result, the policy of developing science and technology for agriculture in Japan has some remarkable points: Firstly, prioritize the development of key technologies Mechanization, irrigation, biotechnology, information technology for agriculture are fields that the Japanese government has developed very early and have reached the modern level Secondly, strong development of agricultural research centers and institutes as the leading force in research, transfer and application of new technologies to agriculture In Japan, agricultural research centers and institutes are set up, managed and operated in a very scientific way The linkage between research institutes and universities, enterprises and farmers has been implemented very closely, thus forming a closed chain for the research, application and transfer of scientific and technological products 13 1.3.1.4 Israeli Experience: Israel is a small country in the Middle East with very harsh natural conditions, totally unfavorable for traditional agricultural development However, Israel is now one of the most modern agricultural countries in the world The miracles in agriculture in Israel are rooted in the following agricultural science and technology development policies: First, prioritize the development of specialized research institutions in agriculture Advanced agricultural research institutions in Israel were established very early and took over 60% of the scientific research works for agriculture Second, major investment policy for science and technology The Israeli government has invested heavily in science and technology serving agriculture (about 3% of total national agricultural output - the world's largest investment) Besides, venture capital to develop new and modern technologies for agriculture also brings huge profits to Israel Third, maximize the role of scientist through the "linkage 5" model in agriculture The "linking five holdskaters" model (state, scientist, entrepreneur, consultant, farmer) is an Israeli style model Thanks to this model, the realization of research ideas in agriculture in Israel is very smooth and practical Fourth, vocational interest to improve the level of farmers The Israeli government selected a number of prominent farmers for training, then used them to teach other farmers the knowledge of agriculture At the same time, the government also sent experts to provide free technical advice and guidance and provide full information on the weather, seasons and markets for farmers 1.3.2 Lessons for developing science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta 1.3.2.1 Lessons from the success of countries: First, priority should be given to the development of key areas of science and technology; Second, promote the role of government and local governments at all levels in the development of science and technology for agriculture; Third, prioritize the development of scientific and technological human resources in parallel with improving the quality of labor resources in agriculture; Fourth, promote the role of universities, research institutes and enterprises in 14 agriculture; Fifth, renovate production models and build infrastructure in agriculture to facilitate the application of science and technology into production 1.3.2.2 Lessons from unsuccessful aspects of countries First, the unbalanced development between different types of technology, the over-emphasis on high technology, so it does not meet the demand for technology; second, the choice of technology transfer is not appropriate to cause big waste; third, the lack of strict management of the use of backward technologies makes the agricultural and rural environment polluted; fourth, the protection policy for smallholder farmers reduces the need for modern agricultural technology Conclusion of chapter In Chapter 1, the author of the thesis has outlined the general theoretical issues of science and technology for agriculture, thereby developing the concept, clarifying the content and factors affecting the scientific and technology development for agriculture and agricultural technology in the Red River Delta today; conducting a survey of agricultural science and technology development experience in selected countries with strengths and similarities and drawing lessons learned that could be applied to the Red River Delta of Vietnam Chapter SITUATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL IN THE RED RIVER DELTA 2.1 Achievements and limitations in the development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta 2.1.1 Achievement 2.1.1.1 The system of research, application and material and technical facilities of agricultural science and technology in the Red River Delta is being developed in both quantity and quality First, there is a sharp increase in the quantity and quality of research and application of science and technology in agriculture Secondly, the system of material and technical bases and equipment of scientific and technological research and application establishments in the whole region are invested in major upgrades 15 2.1.1.2 Human resources for science and technology for agriculture have developed in terms of quantity, quality and structure First, there is an increase in the number of human resources in science and technology Second, the quality of human resources in science and technology is raised Third, the structure of human resources science and technology more and more reasonable 2.1.1.3 Scientific and technological activities for agriculture in the Red River Delta have achieved significant results, more and more closely adhering to the practical needs of agricultural restructuring Firstly, the quantity and quality of scientific and technological activities for agriculture are raised Secondly, scientific and technological activities for agriculture in the Red River Delta have brought about remarkable socioeconomic efficiency 2.1.1.4 The science and technology market for agriculture in the Red River Delta has been established and put into operation, facilitating the commercialization of science and technology products for agriculture Firstly, intermediary institutions of agricultural science and technology markets in the Red River Delta have been established and put into operation Secondly, communication activities on science and technology for agriculture have been developed by localities in the region 2.1.2 Limitations 2.1.2.1 The system of research, application and technical facilities of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta is generally still outdated, failing to respond to real needs of development of modern and sustainable agriculture - Increasing levels of institutions of research, application of science and technology for agriculture is low - Investment in upgrading facilities and research equipment in agriculture has not yet met the needs of scientists 16 2.1.2.2 Human resources for science and technology for agriculture are still limited, inadequate in terms of quantity, quality and structure Firstly, the scientific and technological staff serving the agriculture in the Red River Delta region are still small in terms of number and shortage of leading cadres Secondly, the quality of science and technology human resources for agriculture is generally low and uneven among localities Thirdly, the structure of human resources in science and technology is slow to be reformed, while the imbalance between fields and scientific and technological activities in agriculture 2.1.2.3 Scientific and technological activities for agriculture have limitations in terms of scale, quantity, quality and efficiency First, the scale of scientific and technological activities is small, the number of products is still not enough to meet the needs of modern agricultural development Second, the quality of science and technology serving agriculture in the Red River Delta is still outdated Third, the socio-economic efficiency of scientific and technological activities serving agriculture is not high and unsustainable 2.1.2.4 The scientific and technological market for agriculture in the Red River Delta is so primitive that it does not provide the impetus for promoting research, application and commercialization of science and technology products for agriculture - The science and technology market in agriculture has no clear orientation and development objectives and no supportive mechanisms necessary to promote rapid and stronger development - Communication activities on technology have not been paid due attention by local authorities so the content and form of operation is still poor and backward, not meeting the technology information demand of majority of farmers and enterprise 2.2 Causes of achievements, constraints and issues arising from the situation of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta 2.2.1 Causes of achievements and limitations in agricultural science and technology development in the Red River Delta 2.2.1.1 The cause of the achievements * Objective reasons Firstly, due to the requirement to develop a market economy 17 Second, due to the attention of the Party and the State to the development of science and technology Third, due to the urgent problems of agriculture and the requirements of agricultural restructuring in the Red River Delta * Subjective reasons First, the leadership of the Party and the determination of the local government in the Red River Delta Second, the proactive and active team of agricultural scientists in the Red River Delta Third, the efforts of enterprises and farmers in the localities in the Red River Delta 2.2.1.2 The cause of the limitations * Objective reasons Firstly, the impact of globalization and international integration Secondly, the natural and socio-economic conditions in the Red River Delta are difficult and inadequate for the implementation of agricultural science and technology activities * Subjective reasons Firstly, awareness and thinking about the role of science and technology in the development of agriculture of some Party committees and local governments in the area is not deep and complete Secondly, the investment capital for scientific and technological development for agriculture is still low, spreading and using less effectively Thirdly, mechanisms and policies for scientific and technological development are still inadequate and not create strong motivation for research and application of science and technology in agriculture 2.2.2 A number of issues arise from the practical situation of scientific and technological development of agriculture in the Red River Delta First, the conflict between the demand for the promotion of scientific and technological development in service of agriculture and the current state of scientific and technological potentials in this field in the Red River Delta is still limited and inadequate Second, the coordination between subjects and forces in the development of science and technology in agriculture in the Red River Delta is still limited 18 Third, the conflict between the need to promote the application of advanced science and technology to develop modern agriculture with the ability to meet the model of agricultural production and agricultural infrastructure, Rural areas in the Red River Delta have many shortcomings Conclusion Chapter In chapter 2, the thesis has analyzed and evaluated the practical situation of scientific and technological development for agriculture in the Red River Delta; focusing on achievements, limitations, pointing out the causes, limitations and issues that need to be addressed from the current state of scientific and technological development of agriculture in the Mekong Delta Hong from 2006 to present 19 Chapter BASIC VIEWS, MAJOR SOLUTIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL INTHE RED RIVER DELTA 3.1 Fundamental view of agricultural science and technology development in the Red River Delta 3.1.1 The development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta must be seen as a key motive of agricultural development throughout the region 3.1.2 The development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta must have appropriate roadmaps and steps 3.1.3 The development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta must be based on internal resources, coupled with efficient mobilization of external resources 3.1.4 The development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta must meet the requirements of agricultural restructuring throughout the region in the direction of enhancing added value and sustainable development 3.2 The main solutions for development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta 3.2.1 Prioritizing the development of scientific and technological human resources for agriculture in the Red River Delta Firstly, development of science and technology human resources development for agriculture Secondly, good implementation of training and retraining of human resources in science and technology for agriculture Thirdly, policy formulation of talents in the field of science and technology for agriculture 3.2.2 Increasing capital investment in science and technology development for agriculture and improving the efficiency of the use of investment capital * Increased capital investment in science and technology development for agriculture Expansion of channels to attract capital: Firstly, funds from local budgets in the region Secondly, capital from interprises 20 Thirdly, credit capital Fourthly, the capital mobilized from the people Fifthly, funding from international cooperation in science and technology * Improvement of the efficiency of using capital investment Firstly, it is necessary to clearly define the investment responsibility of the subject Secondly, the structure of investment capital must ensure the balance between the scientific and technological fields in service of agriculture Thirdly, shifting the activities of scientific and technological organizations to self-control, self-responsibility and self-accounting mechanism Fourthly, the implementation of market principles in the allocation of funds for science and technology Fifthly, managing and using capital strictly according to the current law provisions Sixthly, managing, assessing and test scientific subjects in service of agriculture well 3.2.3 Modernizing science and technology infrastructure for agriculture to meet the requirements of improving the quality of scientific and technological activities Firstly, improvement of the quality of operations of centers, research institutes and universities Secondly, investment in upgrading the system of facilities and equipment to meet the requirements of improving the quality of scientific and technological activities in service of agriculture Thirdly, the development of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions as the locomotives to promote the research, transfer and application of scientific and technological advances to production 3.2.4 To continue supplementing and perfecting mechanisms and policies for scientific and technological development for agriculture First, comprehensive reformation of state management of agricultural science and technology activities in this area in accordance with market principles Second, the development of appropriate financing mechanisms for science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta Third, to continue building and perfecting land policies and mechanisms, especially the policy of limits of agricultural land