handbook of hazardous chemical properties

Handboo Hazardous Chemic Properti Nicholas €? in I . t Cheremisin Handbook of Hazardous Chemical Properties Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. N&P Limited United States - Ukraine - Russia - Central Eastern Europe I% = EINEMANN Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Copyright 0 2000 by Butterworth-Heinemann eA member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior witten permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann @ prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our environment. ".lltL 1.1,,11 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN 0-7506-7209-9 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Butterworth-Heinem publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.bh.com 10987 6543 2 1 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Preface About the Author Abbreviations Glossary of Terms Hazardous Chemical Properties Entries Synonyms Index V Vii viii ix 1 408 iii PREFACE This volume has been prepared as a reference source on the hazardous properties of industrial and consumer chemicals. It is designed to assist chemical handling specialists, emergency responders, and health and safety engineers and technicians in the safe handling and shipping practices of chemicals. To use the volume effectively, the reader should first review the Glossary of Terms section immediately preceding the first chemical entry. This section contains precise definitions used for certain parameters where data have been obtained for each chemical. A review of these terms will help the reader interpret certain information. In addition, a list of abbreviations used throughout the volume is also provided in the front section of the handbook. Chemical information is compiled in this volume in accordance with an alphabetical listing based on the most commonly used chemical name. The most common chemical name designation is based either on (1) that designation specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Titles 46 and 49, or (2) a common name for those chemicals known to be hazardous during shipment. As such, for most common names, the shipping name recommended by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is used as it appears in Title 49 of the CFRs. For each chemical entry, there are five data or information fields that are provided. These information fields are as follows: 0 Chemical Designation - A list of common synonyms is given. Synonym names are alternative systematic chemical names and commonly used trivial names for chemicals. An index of synonyms is provided at the end of the handbook to assist the reader in identifying a particular chemical and researching chemical hazards information in the event that the common name of the chemical is not known. The data field also contains the chemical formula. The chemical formula is limited to a commonly used one-line formula. In the case of some organic chemical compounds it has not been possible to represent the chemical structure within such limitation. 0 Observable Characteristics - This includes the physical state of the chemical under normal conditions of handling and shipping, its characteristic color and odor. Typical designations for the physical state of a chemical include liquefied gas, liquefied compressed gas, liquid, and solid. Where a compound may be shipped or handled as either a liquid or solid, both designations are given. The color description provided is that for pure liquid. The reader should recognize that occasionally the color of a chemical changes when it dissolves in water or becomes a gas. Similarly, the odor description is that for pure material. The term "characteristic" is used in those cases when no other reasonable description of the chemical's odor could be found. 0 Physical and Chemical Properties - Information provided for each chemical include the material's physical state, its molecular weight, boiling point, freezing point, critical properties (temperature and pressure), specific gravity, vapor (gas) density, the ratio of specific heats of vapor, and various thermodynamic properties. The following are more detailed explanations of the information field entries. The Physical State at 15 "C and I atm is provided, which indicates whether the chemical is a solid, liquid, or gas after it has reached equilibrium with its surroundings at "ordinary" conditions of temperature and pressure. The Molecular Weight is the weight of a molecule of the chemical relative to a value of 12 for one atom of carbon. The molecular weight is useful in converting from molecular units to weight units, and in calculating the pressure, volume and temperature relationships of gaseous substances. The Boiling Point at I ahn, the Freezing Point, and the Critical Temperature data are each given in three sets of units as follows: OF, "C, "K. As an V 0 0 0 example - for the chemical ACETALDEHYDE, the boiling point at 1 ann is 68.7 OF, 20.4 “C, and 293.6 “K. Entries for Critical Pressure are given in three sets of units: psia, atm, MN/mz. As an example - for acetaldehyde, the critical pressure data in three units are 820 psia, 56 atm, and 5.7 MN/mz The entries for Specpc Graviry are typically based on 4 “C unless otherwise specified, and the entry for Vqor (Gas) Densify is described in the Glossary of Terms section. Thermodynamic properties include the Ratio of Specific Heats of Vqor (Gas), The Latent Heat of Vaporiultion, Heat of Combustion, and Heat of Decomposition. These data are given in the following three sets of units: Btu/lb, cal/g, Jlkg. As an example - for acetaldehyde, the latent heat of vaporization is 245 Btu/lb, 136 mug, and 5.69 x 105 Ukg. Health Hazards Information - Information included are recommended personal protective equipment for hazard materials handling specialist, typical symptoms following exposure to the chemical, general first aid treatment procedures, and various toxicological information including toxicity by ingestion, inhalation and short term exposures. Additional information included are the liquid or solid irritant characteristics and odor threshold data. Fire Hazards - Information compiled includes flash point temperature, flammable limits (explosivity range) in air, a list of fire extinguishing agents to be used, along with a list of fire extinguishing units not to be used, special by-products or hazards of combustion, a description of the chemical’s behavior under a fire situation, the ignition temperature, its electrical hazard rating, and its burning rate (if applicable). The burning rate is based on experimentally reported literature data for a standing pool of liquid chemical. If a data field has the entry - “no data”, it means that none could be found. If the entry “not pertinent” is given , it means that the property or characteristic does not apply. As an example, for a non- volatile chemical, the flash point temperature has no significance. Chemical Reactivity - Information provided includes the Chemical’s reactivity when in contact with water, as well as its chemical reactivity with common materials such as metals, plastics and organic matter. Information of the chemical’s stability during transport is also given. Where appropriate, information on recommended neutralizing agents for acids and caustics are provided. Finally, information on whether the material polymerizes, along with a recommended inhibitor of polymerization are given where appropriate. The reader should note that although the author has made every reasonable attempt to verify the accuracy of the information compiled in this volume by a review of multiple open literature sources, there are no guarantees as to the accuracy of information, and we do not recommend or endorse the application of this information for design purposes or emergency response procedures. This handbook provides guidance only, and much of the information and data will require interpretation and prudent judgement on the part of a knowledgeable reader with training in chemistry, engineering, and safe handling procedures for hazardous chemicals. Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. vi ABOUT THE AUTHOR Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff is President of N&P Limited, a consulting firm specializing in environmental management and privatization issues in Central 8t Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union. He has nearly twenty years of industry, applied research, and business development experience, and he has been on multi-year assignments in Russia and Ukraine addressing environmental and industrial health & safety problems as they relate to privatization and industry sustainability in economies in transition. Among his clients are the World Bank Organization, the United States Agency for International Development, Chemonics International, Booz-Allen & Hamilton Corporation, K&M Engineering and Consulting Company, the United States Department of Energy, and others. Dr. Cheremisinoff has contributed extensively to the industrial press with hundreds of articles and as the author, co-author or editor of more than 150 technical books, including Butterworth-Heinemann's Liquid FiZtmtion - 2"" edition. He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from Clarkson College of Technology. [...]... relationships of gaseous substances The ratio of the densities of any two gases is approximately equal to the ratio of their molecular weights The molecular weights of mixtures can be calculated if both the identity and quantity of each component of the mixture are known Because the composition of mixtures described in this handbook are not known, or because they vary from chemical suppliers, no molecular weights... for chemicals with very high boiling points at 1 atm, because such chemical substances are considered essentially nonvolatile - Molecular Weight Defined as the weight of a molecule of the chemical relative to a value of 12 for one atom of carbon The molecular weight is useful in converting from molecular units to weight Units, and in calculating the pressure, volume and temperature relationships of. .. description of the chemical is given The term implies long-term or chronic effects due to exposure to the chemical - Latent Heat of Vaporization Defined as the heat that must be added to the specified weight of a liquid before it can change to vapor (gas) The value varies with temperature The value given in the handbook is that derived at the chemical' s bailing point at 1 am Three sets of units are... These are alternative systematic chemical names and commonly used trivial names for chemicals An index of synonyms is provided at the end of the handbook to assist the reader in researching chemical hazards information - Toxicity by Ingestion The designationLD,, is commonly used in the handbook The LD, values are those defined in most cases by the national Academy of Sciences, but actual data were... Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists - Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity Defined as the ration of the weight of the vapor to an equal volume of dry air at the same conditions of temperature and pressure Buoyant vapors have a vapor specific gravity less than one The value may be approximated by the ratio W29, where M is the molecular weight of the chemical and 29 is the molecular weight of air In... difference is an indication of how wide the flammability limits of a chemical are The wider this range, the more hazardous the chemical may be considered from a fire standpoint - Flash Point The flash point of a material is the lowest temperature at which vapors above a volatile substance will ignite in air when exposed to a flame Depending on the test method used, the value of flash point temperature... 1.94;Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.1487; Latent Heat of Vaporization:216, 120,5.02; Heat of Combustion: -12500,-6950, -290; Heat OfDecomposition: Not pertinent Health Hazards Information -Recommended Personal ProtectiveEquipment: Chemical safety goggles and full face shield, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), positive pressure hose mask, airline mask; rubber safety shoes, chemical. .. pertinent; Ratio of Specijic Heats of Vapor (Gus): Not pertinent; Latent Heat of Vaporizm.on:Not pertinent; Heat of Combustion:Not pertinent; Heat ofDecomposition: Not pertinent Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: During prolonged exposure to mixing and loading operations, wear clean synthetic rubber gloves and mask or respirator of the type passed by the US.Bureau of Mines... rinse with dilute solution of sodium of sodium bicarbonate or soda ash; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerimion: Not pertinent - AMMONIUM CARBONATE Chemical Designations Synonyms: Hartshorn; Salt Volatile; Chemical Formula: (NH&CO, Observable Characteristics-Physical State (as normally shipped):Solid; Color:White; Odor:Strong ammonia Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State... 22 AMMONIUM SILICOFLUORIDE Neutralizing Agentsfor Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent AMMONIUM SILICOFLUORIDE - Chemical Designations Synonyms: Ammonium Fluosilicate; Chemical Formula: (NH&SiF6 ObservableCharacteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped):Solid; Color:White; Odor:None Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical . Handboo Hazardous Chemic Properti Nicholas €? in I . t Cheremisin Handbook of Hazardous Chemical Properties Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D. N&P Limited. Glossary of Terms section. Thermodynamic properties include the Ratio of Specific Heats of Vqor (Gas), The Latent Heat of Vaporiultion, Heat of Combustion, and Heat of Decomposition "ordinary" conditions of temperature and pressure. The Molecular Weight is the weight of a molecule of the chemical relative to a value of 12 for one atom of carbon. The molecular