Luận văn thạc sĩ european political culture and its impacts on vietnam

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI 1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITITES LE THU TRANG EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE AND ITS IMPACTS ON VIETNAM MASTER THESIS Maj[.]

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITITES - LE THU TRANG EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE AND ITS IMPACTS ON VIETNAM MASTER THESIS Major: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Hanoi – 2012 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES - LE THU TRANG EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE AND ITS IMPACTS ON VIETNAM Master Thesis in International Relations Code: 60 31 0206 Advisor: Dr Le The Que Hanoi - 2012 z TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Concept of Political Culture 1.1.1 Basic Concepts 1.1.2 Concept of Political Culture 11 1.2 Political System - the Center of Political Culture and its Relationship with Political Culture 13 1.2.1 Structure of the Political System - the Center of Political Culture 13 z 1.2.2 Relationship between the Political System and Political Culture 15 1.3 Features and Functions of Political Culture 16 1.3.1 Features 16 1.3.2 Functions 17 CHAPTER 2: EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE 20 2.1 Formation and Development 20 2.1.1 Formation 20 2.1.2 Development 23 z 2.2 Characteristics of European Political Culture 25 2.2.1 Sources of Characteristics 25 2.2.2 Characteristics 28 2.3 Political Cultural Characteristics of France and the Soviet Union 33 2.3.1 French Political Culture 33 2.3.2 The Soviet Union‘s Political Culture 37 CHAPTER 3: EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE’S IMPACTS ON VIETNAM 44 3.1 Overview of the History of Oriental Political Culture and the Influential Process of Western Political Culture 47 z 3.1.1 Overview of the History of Oriental Political Culture 47 3.1.2 Impacts of European Factors on Oriental Countries 49 3.1.3 Impact of European factors on Vietnamese political culture 51 3.2 Vietnamese political culture in the history 54 3.2.1 Cultural fundamental of Vietnamese politics 54 3.2.2 Feudal era 56 3.2.2 French domination 58 3.3 European Political Culture‘s Impacts on Vietnam Right after its Birth 58 z 3.3.1 Environment of Vietnamese political Culture in the Two Colonial Exploitations 58 3.3.2 European Political Culture‘s Impacts on Vietnam in the Socialist-Building Era 69 3.3.3 Characteristics of Current Vietnamese Political Culture 73 CONCLUSION 82 REFERENCE 85 z INTRODUCTION Rationale of the Study Political culture is a vast field that contains historical experience, sense of social community, customs, habits and trends affecting individuals‘ behaviors in political activities Hence, political culture research is of great value It not only provides the researchers with an overview of a process but also brings profound values to science and society Speaking of politics and political culture, people often think of politicians and parties but ignore many other factors Therefore, political culture should be examined comprehensively from various perspectives, which is the aim of this study Europe is seen as one of the ―cradles‖ of human civilizations with the great achievements in the fields of economics, culture, society and politics Studies on European political culture help us understand more about this continent as well as learn about its valuable experience of hundreds of years Because of its strategic geographical position, Vietnam was the target of invasion by many countries in the world for ages ―Flexibility‖ strategy has formed a characteristic of the Vietnamese by cleverly absorbing the achievements of invading countries to combine with the national traditional identities Political culture is one of such wonderful combinations This study will describe the process of exchange and selection, and the characteristics of Vietnamese political culture Political culture has certain effects on the formation and development of diplomatic culture The study will serve as a basis for the analysis of European diplomatic culture as well as Vietnamese one Thus, the countries will understand each other and share the interests to collaborate on the basis of mutual benefit or resolve international conflicts by new diplomatic thinking Literature Overview The literature used for research and analysis is divided into the following groups: (i) Documents on political culture theory (ii) Documents on the European political culture in general and political culture of European countries in particular (iii) Documents on Vietnamese political culture as well as the orientation of building political culture in the new context There are original documents of foreign scholars, the documents translated into Vietnamese and many works of Vietnamese scholars z Regarding political culture theory, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations and The Civic Culture Revisited are the two typical documents providing the basic information about political culture as well as the source to analyze the characteristics of the political culture of the countries in the world It can be said that Gabriel A Almond was the founder of the new field and his ideas and concepts greatly influenced it In addition, the theory of political culture has been complemented and diversified by the studies of other authors such as Stephen Welch (1993), The Concept of Political Culture or Formisano, Ronald P., The Concept of Political Culture, etc The documents on the European political culture are extremely rich and diverse The most typical is Roger Eatwell (1997), European Political Culture: Conflict or Convergence with nearly 300 pages providing extensive information about the features of fundamental European political culture and political culture of each country in this region Research materials on the countries in the European region are very large as well: Jean Blondel and Takashi Inoguchi (2006), Political Culture in Asia and Europe: Citizens, States and Societal Valurs, Robert I Rotberg, Social Capital and Political Culture in Africa, America, Australasia, and Europe, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol 29, no (Winter, 1999), Phillip Schlesinger, From Culture Defense to Political Culture: Media, Politics, and Collective Identity in the European Union, Media Culture Society, 1997, Vladimir Tismaneanu, Political Culture and Civil Society in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, John Gaffney and Eva Kolinsky (edited), Political Culture in France and Germany, A Contemporary Perspective, etc Besides, there are additional research documents on Eastern political culture particularly of the developing countries and China such as: Detlef Pollack et al (2003), Political Culture in Post-Communist Europe: Attitudes in New Democracies, Robert C Turker (1987), Political Culture and Leadership in Soviet Russia: from Lenin to Gorbachev, Larry Diamond (1993), Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries, Zhenghuan Zhou (1999), The Liberal Concept of Rights, Political Culture and Democratic Change in China In recent years, the interest in the study and teaching of political science and Vietnamese political culture has greatly grown both in Vietnam and overseas From different perspectives, Vietnamese and foreign scientists have proposed various approaches to identify the characteristics of traditional and modern Vietnamese political cultures Studies on political culture of Vietnamese scholars covering all aspects from a theoretical basis addressing the fundamental problems and clarifying the common-used concepts in political science in the West such as ―politics‖, ―political culture‖, ―political system‖, ―political process‖, ―political environment‖, etc or introducing various scientific theories, approaches z and the basic arguments of Western scholars about East Asian political culture to regional and Vietnamese political cultures, particularly in the renewal period Tập đề cương giảng Chính trị học (Lectures on Political Studies by National Political and Admistrative Institute) and Văn hóa trị việc bồi dưỡng đội ngũ cán lãnh đạo nước ta (Political Culture and Leader Training in Vietnam Nowadays by Pham Ngoc Quang) are the first two studies mentioning the concept of political culture The former referred to only one aspect of political culture – politics – instead of introducing the concept as well as an overview of the political culture while in the latter the authors succeeded in generalizing the concept of culture as well as its performance and influence on political life These are of a great practical value In addition to the ―enlightening‖ studies mentioned above, there are several researches approaching a part or the whole concept of political culture Hoa Kỳ - Tiến trình văn hóa trị (America – Its Political Cultureal Process by Do Loc Diep) mainly examined American political culture but it highlighted the influence of European political culture and the process of receiving and transforming the European features to form the unique American political culture Luong Van Ke conducted several intensive studies on European political culture In his two books of Thế giới đa chiều (Multi-Dimensional World) and Đề cương giảng: Chính trị học so sánh (Draft Lectures on Comparative Politics), a part of European history was lively replayed and the formation and the development of modern European political culture was also shown Besides the studies directly or indirectly addressing political culture, there are supporting researches in term of theory They are: Hồ Chí Minh toàn tập (Ho Chi Minh’s Complete Works), Journal of Philosophy, Journal of European Studies, Mác Ăngghen tuyển tập (MarxEngels’ Selected Works) The foreign resources (in translation) are also quite various They are Jean Jacques Rousseau, Bàn khế ước xã hội (Social Contract) and Montesquieu, Tinh thần pháp luật (The Spirit of Laws) translated by Hoang Thanh Dam, or Wang Changjian, Nghiên cứu so sánh phương thức cầm quyền đảng đại (A Comparative Study of Ruling Methods of Contemporary Political Parties), Crane Brinton, Robert Lee Wolff, John B Christopher, Văn minh phương Tây (Western Civilization), etc The common advantage of these studies is the provision of wide theory and knowledge of many socio-political issues However, they failed to directly and intensively examine the political culture, especially European political culture 10 z ... studying and working in international relations Besides, it will become one of the new researches on Vietnamese political culture and external impacts on its formation and development as well as its. .. formation process and development of political culture in the world, especially European political culture Understanding the European political culture is a good lesson for Vietnam to establish and. .. on the European political culture in general and political culture of European countries in particular (iii) Documents on Vietnamese political culture as well as the orientation of building political