reciprocating compressors

[...]... higher in the enlarged section The principal types of compressors are shown in Figure 1-5 and are defined below Cam, diaphragm, and diffusion compressors are not shown because of their specialized applications and relatively small size 8 Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance Compressors Dynamic Ejector Radial Rotary I Displacement Axial Reciprocating FIGURE 1 -5 Principal compressor types... THEORY OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS Reciprocating compressors are the best known and most widely used compressors of the positive displacement type They operate on the same principle as the old, familiar bicycle pump, that is, by means of a piston in a cylinder As the piston moves forward in the cylinder, it compresses the air or gas into a smaller space, thus raising its pressure The basic reciprocating. .. Heinz P Block, RE xn CHAPTER 1 Reciprocating Compressors and Their Applications INTRODUCTION The purpose of compressors is to move air and other gases from place to place Gases, unlike liquids, are compressible and require compression devices, which although similar to pumps, operate on somewhat different principles Compressors, blowers, and fans are such compression devices • Compressors Move air or gas... the high velocity of the mixture into pressure in a diffuser Compressors using methods 1 and 2 are in the intermittent class and are known as positive displacement compressors Those using method 3 are known as dynamic compressors Compressors using method 4 are known as ejectors and normally operate with an intake below atmospheric pressure Compressors change mechanical energy into gas energy This is... move with increasing velocity As with heating, this 4 Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance 14,7psia Constant Volume A Before Heating FIGURE 1 -1 Confined gas before heating Pressure Increase ispsia Constant / Volume H 700°F After Heating FIGURE 1 -2 Constant volume of gas will experience pressure increase when heated Reciprocating Compressors and Their Applications 5 ressure Increases... Two-impeller straight-lobe compressors are rotary positive displacement machines in which two straight mating lobed impellers trap gas and carry it from intake to discharge There is no internal compression Helical or spiral lobe compressors are rotary positive displacement machines in which two intermeshing rotors, each with a helical form, compress and displace the gas Reciprocating Compressors and Their... Institute defines air at: 60°F; 14.7 psia and dry 3 Natural gas pipeline industry defines air at: 14.4 psia; @ suction temperature 1O Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance Unless otherwise specified, the second definition is generally used in reference to reciprocating compressors Actual capacity is a term that is sometimes applied to the capacity of a compressor at intake conditions It is commonly... WHAT is A COMPRESSOR? BASIC GAS LAWS Before discussing the types of compressors and how they work, it will be helpful to consider some of the basic gas laws and the manner in which they affect compressors By definition, a gas is a fluid having neither independent shape nor form, which tends to expand indefinitely 2 Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance Gases may be composed of only... single-acting elements operating in parallel in one casting Most of the compressors in use are of the double-acting type Figure 1-7 shows a cross section of another variant—a V-oriented, two-stage, double-acting water-cooled compressor 14 Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance FIGURE 1-7 Multistage, double-acting reciprocating compressor in V-arrangement (Source: Sulzer-Burkhardt, Winterthur,... pressure—all types 2 Pressure rise or differential—dynamic units and most displacement types 3 Compression ratio—dynamic units 4 Effect of clearance reciprocating units (this is related to the compression ratio) 5 Desirability of saving power 6 Reciprocating Compressors: Operation and Maintenance METHODS OF COMPRESSION Four methods are used to compress gas Two are in the intermittent class, and two are . Pressure Definitions Associated with Compressors. Theory of Reciprocating Compressors. Characteristics of Reciprocating Compressors. Compressor Type Selection, Reciprocating Compressor Cylinder . Foundations for Reciprocating Compressors. Compressor Piping and Pulsation. Design Overview of Labyrinth Piston Compressors. 3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS 107 Lubrication . y0 w0 h1" alt="" Reciprocating Compressors Gulf Professional Publishing an imprint of Butterworth-Hememann Reciprocating NANCE HEINZ P. BLOCK AND JOHN J. HOEFNER Compressors OPERATION MAINTENANCE This