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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES LÊ THỊ HỒNG VINH AN INVESTIGATION INTO WRITING STRATEGIES OF 11th GRADE STUDENTS AT[.]
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES LÊ THỊ HỒNG VINH AN INVESTIGATION INTO WRITING STRATEGIES OF 11th GRADE STUDENTS AT HUU LUNG UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL, LANG SON (Nghiên cứu chiến lược học viết tiếng Anh học sinh lớp 11 trường Trung Học Phổ Thông Hữu Lũng- Lạng Sơn) MA MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60.14.0111 Hanoi, 2014 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES LÊ THỊ HỒNG VINH AN INVESTIGATION INTO WRITING STRATEGIES OF 11th GRADE STUDENTS AT HUU LUNG UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL, LANG SON (Nghiên cứu chiến lược học viết tiếng Anh học sinh lớp 11 trường Trung Học Phổ Thông Hữu Lũng- Lạng Sơn) MA MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60.14.0111 Supervisor: Trần Thị Thu Hiền, Ph.D Hanoi, 2014 z DECLARATION I hereby certify the thesis entitled “An Investigation into writing strategies of 11th grade students at Huu Lung Upper Secondary School, Lang Son” is my own study in the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Hanoi, September 2014 Signature Le Thi Hong Vinh i z ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the completion of this thesis, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude and deep gratitude to my supervisor, Tran Thi Thu Hien, PhD, who gave me benefits of her wisdom and her expert knowledge in teaching methods as well as her constant encouragement from the beginning stage of working out the research proposal to the final stage of writing up the thesis for her Without her valuable suggestions, careful and detailed critical comments, this thesis would not have been fulfilled My sincere thanks also go to all my grade-11 students and teachers at Huu Lung Upper Secondary School for their assistance during the process of data collection Also, my appreciation goes to my family and friends for their support whose encouragement and assistance are of extreme importance during the course of my writing ii z ABSTRACT The present study aimed at exploring writing strategies employed by the eleventh graders at Huu Lung Upper Secondary School (HLUSS) Participants were eighty eleventh graders identified as successful and unsuccessful writers The data for the study was gathered utilizing questionnaire and interview Oxford’s theory (1990) and Petric Czarl’s writing strategy questionnaire (2003) were used to formulate students’ writing strategies The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 16.0 software The findings of this study revealed that twelve writing strategies were used at the highest degree by eleventh graders at HLUSS in which while-writing ones were most frequently employed Despite no variation in the frequency of the overall writing strategy use between two parties of writers, several differences were found in the use of individual items Some implications and suggestions for learning and teaching writing strategies were offered to enhance students’ writing performance iii z LIST OF TABLES Page Tables Table Writing strategy use in each stage by students in the writing class 24 Table Overall writing strategies most frequently used 25 Table Mean and standard deviation of overall writing strategy between successful and unsuccessful students Table Mean and standard deviation of writing strategy at different 27 27 stages Table between successful and unsuccessful students Mean and standard deviation of prewriting strategies used by 28 Table successful and unsuccessful students Mean and standard deviation of while-writing strategies used by Table 29 successful and unsuccessful students Mean and standard deviation of revising strategies used by unsuccessful and unsuccessful students 31 iv z LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EFL: English as a foreign language ESL: English as a second language HLUSS: Huu Lung Upper Secondary School LLSs: language learning strategies SD: Standard deviations SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Science WSQ: Writing Strategy Questionnaire v z TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration i Acknowledgements………………………………………………………… ii Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… iii List of table ………………………………………………………………… … iv List of abbreviations…………………………………………………………… v Table content ……………………………………………………………………….vi PART A: Introduction…………………………………………………………… 1 Rationale……………………………………………………………….…… Aims of the study ………………………………………………………… Research question….……………………………………………………… Method of the study…… ……………………………………………….… Scope of the study…………………………………………………………….3 Significance of the study ……………………………………………………3 Organizations of the study ……………………………………………… .3 PART B: DEVELOPMENT …………………………………………………… Chapter Literature Review.… ……………………………………………… 1.1 Learning language strategies ……………………………………………….5 1.1.1 Definition of learning language strategies……………………… 1.1.2 Classification of learning language strategies……………………… 1.2 Writing strategies………………………………………………………… 1.2.1 Definition of writing strategy……………………………………… 1.2.2 Writing strategy questionnaire…………………………………………9 1.3 Writing approaches……………………………………………………… 10 1.3.1 Product approach…………………………………………………… 11 1.3.2 Process approach…………………………………………………… 12 1.4 Previous studies ………………………………………………………… 13 1.4.1 Previous studies on language learning strategies……………………13 vi z 1.4.2 Previous studies on writing strategies………………………………14 1.5.Summary……………………………………………………………………16 Chapter Methods………………………………………………………………18 2.1 Setting of the study……………………………………………………… 18 2.2 Participants…………………………………………………………………19 2.2.1 Students……………………………………………………………… 19 2.2.2 Teachers……………………………………………………………….19 2.3 Instruments ……………………………………………………………… 19 2.3.1.Questionnaire…………………….……………………………………19 2.3.2 Interview…………………………………………………………… 20 2.4 Data collection procedure ……………………………………………… 21 2.4.1 Questionnaire………………………………………………………….21 2.4.2 Interview………………………………………………………………22 2.5 Data analysis……………………………………………………………….22 2.6 Summary………………………………………………………………… 23 Chapter 3: Results and Discussion………………………………………………24 3.1.Results ………………………………………………………………………24 3.1.1.Questionnaire………………………………………………………… 24 3.1.1.1.Writing strategies most frequently used by 11th HL students……24 3.1.1.2 Differences in writing strategy use based on proficiency level…26 3.1.2 Interview……………………………………………………………… 31 3.2 Findings and discussions………………………………………………… 32 3 Chapter summary ………………………………………………………… 34 PART C: Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 35 Recapitulation …………… ……………………………………………… 35 Implications………………………………………………………………… 35 Limitations of the study and suggestion further studies…………………… 37 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… 39 Appendix ……………………………………………………………………….I vii z Appendix ……………………………………………………………………….III Appendix ……………………………………………………………………… V Appendix …………………………………………………………………… XIV viii z ... Hiền, Ph.D Hanoi, 2014 z DECLARATION I hereby certify the thesis entitled ? ?An Investigation into writing strategies of 11th grade students at Huu Lung Upper Secondary School, Lang Son? ?? is my own... NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES LÊ THỊ HỒNG VINH AN INVESTIGATION INTO WRITING STRATEGIES OF 11th GRADE STUDENTS AT. .. unsuccessful students Mean and standard deviation of while -writing strategies used by Table 29 successful and unsuccessful students Mean and standard deviation of revising strategies used