The fourth Scientific Conference - SEMREGG 2018 APPLYING GIS ON BUILDING THE GEODATABASE FOR SUPPORTING DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BINH THANH DISTRICT Nguyen Viet Minh Chi, Nguyen Thanh Ngan Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment 236B Le Van Sy street, Ward 1, Tan Binh district, Ho Chi Minh City Email: ntngan@hcmunre.edu.vn ABSTRACT Binh Thanh district is an inner city district of Ho Chi Minh City This district is located in the North East of Ho Chi Minh City, which is an important strategic location In recent years, due to economic development and population growth, the amount of domestic solid waste of Binh Thanh district has increased very fast and continuously This has caused many difficulties to the domestic solid waste management of this district The application of GIS is an achievable solution to improve the efficiency of the domestic solid waste management of Binh Thanh district This paper presents the main results of the use of GIS technology to develop a geodatabase supporting the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district in 2017 This is a useful data source to increase the efficiency of the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district Keywords: GIS; geodatabase; domestic solid waste management; Binh Thanh district; Ho Chi Minh City INTRODUCTION Binh Thanh district is one of the 24 administrative units of Ho Chi Minh City This is an inner city district located in the North East of Ho Chi Minh City According to statistics in Ho Chi Minh City Statistical Yearbook 2016, this district has a total area of 20.78 km2, with an average population of 489,657 people and an average population density of 23,564 people/km2 [1] The population of Binh Thanh district consists of 21 main ethnic groups, mostly Kinh people [2] Along with the general development of Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Thanh district is also on the rise and progress in the field of socio-economy The quality of the life of people in this area is increasing remarkably However, along with the benefits gained, the socio-economic development has also had negative environmental impacts for Binh Thanh district, namely the amount of domestic solid waste arising has increased at a very rapid pace in recent years According to the statistics of Binh Thanh district's Natural Resources and Environment Committee Division, the total domestic solid waste generated in this district in 2014 is 85,635.72 tons, with an average of about 234.62 tons per day [2] The total domestic solid waste in this district that is transported to the solid waste treatment facilities in Ho Chi Minh City in 2015 and 2016 respectively of 23,850.01 tons and 32,569.44 tons [2] This has caused great hardships to the domestic solid waste management of Binh Thanh district At present, the management of domestic solid waste in this district is still based on the old and backward methods These management methods are separate and no synchronization between parts in the system The application of Geographic Information System (GIS) is a new suitable solution for current situation of domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district 342 Hội nghị Khoa học Công nghệ lần thứ - SEMREGG 2018 This technology has been used to support the management of domestic solid waste in many parts of the world [3-17] This paper introduces some preliminary results of the use of GIS technology to develop a spatial database (also known as geodatabase) supporting the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district The main data sources used in this research is digital maps in three format MapInfo (*.tab), Microstation (*.dgn), and ArcGIS (*.shp) in the study area collected from various sources The study area of this research is the entire Binh Thanh district including 20 wards in 2016 [1] METHODS AND DATA 2.1 Methods In order to address the research goal, the authors use a GIS-driven approach The whole process of building a spatial database supporting the management of domestic solid waste in Binh Thanh district consists of five main stages: (1) surveying by questionnaire and collecting related data, (2) processing survey data and converting collected maps, (3) building a spatial database to support the management of domestic solid waste, (4) creating thematic maps to support the management of solid waste, (5) evaluating the results and drawing conclusions In these stages, two stages (2) and (3) are important because it determines the accuracy of the results The detailed study of the research is shown in Figure Figure Detailed research process diagram 2.2 Data In order to develop a spatial database supporting the management of domestic solid waste, the authors use four main types of data in this research: (1) domestic solid waste management reports and statistics of Binh Thanh district, (2) digital map data of Binh Thanh district, (3) satellite image data of Binh Thanh district, (4) field survey data The domestic solid waste management reports and statistics of Binh Thanh district used in this research are mainly collected from the Binh Thanh district's Natural Resources and Environment Office In addition, the authors also use Ho Chi Minh City Statistical Yearbook 2016 to extract statistics on socio-economic of study area The digital map data of Binh Thanh district is collected from a variety of sources with three format MapInfo (*.tab), 343 The fourth Scientific Conference - SEMREGG 2018 Microstation (*.dgn) and ArcGIS (*.shp) These maps cover four main categories: administrative map, traffic map, terrain map and land use status map The satellite image data of Binh Thanh district is DigitalGlobe image taken in Binh Thanh district in 2017 This is a high-resolution satellite image collected using Google Earth Pro software The field survey data is collected using the questionnaire method with 200 households in Binh Thanh district Figure shows the DigitalGlobe image of Binh Thanh district in 2017 Figure The DigitalGlobe image of Binh Thanh district in 2017 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Field survey results by questionnaire method The first task of the project implementation is to collect field survey data using questionnaire method This is a very important source of information to supplement the spatial database attribute data The questionnaire is designed with 25 main questions for 200 selected households in Binh Thanh district The contents of the questionnaire revolve around the Binh Thanh district's domestic solid waste management, and the awareness of the people in this area about waste The age range of interviews from 20 to 55 years old is composed of many people from many groups: workers, small businesses, students, housewives, retirees The survey results show that most of the daily garbage generated by households is 1-1.5 kilograms (55 %) The percentage of households who generated more than kg of garbage per day is very small (15.5 %) The 94.5 % of the surveyed households signed garbage collection contracts with collection groups and Binh Thanh district Public Services 344 Hội nghị Khoa học Công nghệ lần thứ - SEMREGG 2018 Company Limited The 88.5 % of surveyed households are aware of the impact of garbage on living environment The 84.5 % of households surveyed not classify garbage at the source before disposal The main contents of survey results by questionnaire are shown in the diagrams in Figure 60% 55% Percentage of households carrying out waste sorting at source 50% 40% 15.5% 30% 30% 20% 84.5% 16% 10% Not Implemented - 169 households Implemented - 31 households 0% The daily garbage generated by households < kg 1-1.5 kg > kg (a) The daily garbage generated by households (b) The rate of waste sorting at source 80% 5.2 76% 70% 28.8 60% 9.2 50% 14 8.4 15.2 40% 30% 20% Paper Carton Yard waste Plastic Excess food Tin can Dust ash Scrap Rubber 10% 15% 5% 4% 0% Collected Burned at Buried at and home home processed Other (c) The composition of domestic solid waste(d) The methods of domestic solid waste treatment Figure The diagrams show the main features of the field survey results in Binh Thanh district 3.2 Results of building the spatial database supporting domestic solid waste management The next phase of the data collection process is to build a spatial database using ArcGIS Desktop software The main data in the spatial database is the vector data layers constructed from the digital maps of Binh Thanh district mentioned above These digital maps are converted to the 345 The fourth Scientific Conference - SEMREGG 2018 same format and coordinate system prior to inclusion in the spatial database This spatial database is designed based on the standard structure specified in the report on the performance of the task of "Developing database standards for Building Vietnam environmental maps" of Environmental Protection Agency in 2006 The format chosen is the Personal Geodatabase format (*.mdb) because this spatial database is less than GB in size This spatial database is built on both the VN2000 and WGS84 UTM Zone 48N coordinate systems to meet the requyrements of Vietnam and international integration The entire spatial database has one raster dataset, four feature datasets, and 18 feature classes In particular, the domestic solid waste management dataset includes five vector data layers about: (1) domestic solid waste arising in administrative units, (2) disposal sites, (3) collection routes, (4) transfer stations, (5) management agencies The attribute data of spatial database collected from reports, data of management agencies and field survey results are updated to the spatial database using the Editor Toolbar of ArcGIS Desktop software Figure depicts the schematic representation of the spatial database structure Figure The structure of the spatial database supporting domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district 3.3 Results of creating thematic maps supporting domestic solid waste management After building a complete spatial database, the authors use data layers contained in the spatial database to create thematic maps on the management of domestic solid waste in Binh Thanh district These maps support the environmental management agencies in Binh Thanh district in the domestic solid waste management and environmental communication These maps are designed in A2 paper format, stored in ArcGIS Desktop Workspace (*.wor) and JPG digital image (*.jpg) with a resolution of 500 DPI These maps cover four main issues related to the management of domestic solid waste in Binh Thanh district: (1) domestic solid waste management agencies, (2) the volume of domestic solid waste generated by wards, (3) the location of garbage collection points, (4) current domestic solid waste collection routes Thematic maps on domestic solid waste management are presented in Figure 346 Hội nghị Khoa học Công nghệ lần thứ - SEMREGG 2018 (a) Domestic solid waste management agencies (b) The volume of domestic solid waste generated (c) The location of garbage collection points (d) Current garbage collection routes Figure The thematic maps supporting the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district 347 The fourth Scientific Conference - SEMREGG 2018 In addition, the authors also use the Network Analyst tool of ArcGIS Desktop software to map out new domestic solid waste collection routes that are more suitable for the collection and transportation of solid waste in Binh Thanh district in the future Figure shows two proposed collection routes that can replace the current unreasonable collection routes (a) The first proposed garbage collection route (b) The second proposed garbage collection route Figure The maps of two proposed collection routes that can replace the current collection routes CONCLUSIONS From the results obtained, the authors find that the research has achieved the research objectives set out in the Introduction and solved the research problems in the study area The research has developed a spatial database supporting the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district with structure in accordance with the regulations and standards of the Vietnam's Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment The contents of this spatial database meet the basic requyrements of the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district With its built-in Personal Geodatabase format, this spatial database can be used on both commercial GIS (ArcGIS Desktop, AutoCAD Map 3D, Bentley Map) and open source GIS (MapWindow, gvSIG, QGIS, GRASS GIS) This spatial database has been transferred to some specialized officers of the Binh Thanh district‟s Natural Resources and Environment Committee Division tried and received encouraging feedbacks Through this topic, the authors have also developed a process to establish the spatial database using ArcGIS technology and process DigitalGlobe satellite image data This will be a useful reference for similar research in the field of GIS application in environmental management in general and solid waste management in particular This will be a useful reference for similar researches in the field of applying GIS in environmental management in general and solid waste management in particular 348 ... create thematic maps on the management of domestic solid waste in Binh Thanh district These maps support the environmental management agencies in Binh Thanh district in the domestic solid waste management. .. data The questionnaire is designed with 25 main questions for 200 selected households in Binh Thanh district The contents of the questionnaire revolve around the Binh Thanh district'' s domestic solid. .. as geodatabase) supporting the domestic solid waste management in Binh Thanh district The main data sources used in this research is digital maps in three format MapInfo (*.tab), Microstation