Abstract of a thesis doctor of philosophy in biology research on the diversity of medicinal plant resources in hoang su phi, ha giang and proposed measures for sustainable conservation and use

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY *** NGUYEN DUY HUNG RESEARCH ON THE DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES IN HO[.]

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY …… ….***………… NGUYEN DUY HUNG RESEARCH ON THE DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES IN HOANG SU PHI, HA GIANG AND PROPOSED MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSERVATION AND USE Major: Botany Code: 42 01 11 ABSTRACT OF A THESIS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGY Ha Noi – 2021 This Thesis was fulfilled at Graduate University of Science and Technology – Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Supervisors: Prof Dr Luu Dam Cu Dr Ha Minh Tam Referee 1: ………………………………………………… Referee 2: ………………………………………………… Referee 3: ………………………………………………… The Dissertation will be defended before the Doctoral Examination Board of Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology at.……Date … / / 2021 The Dissertation can be accessed from: - The Library of Graduate University of Science and Technology - The National Library of Viet Nam INTRODUCTION The urgency of the thesis Hoang Su Phi district is located in the west of Ha Giang province, under the majestic Tay Con Linh mountain range, with an average altitude of over 2,000 m above sea level The district has an area of 629.42 km², including 25 communes and towns, where 12 ethnic groups live together At that majestic height, Hoang Su Phi is endowed by nature with complex and divided terrain that creates diverse climatic sub-regions forming a rich vegetation cover, including natural resources of medicinal plants However, the district's medicinal plant resources have not been fully investigated and evaluated Moreover, this place not only owns many valuable medicinal plants, but also preserves a lot of traditional knowledge in the use of medicinal plants for prevention and treatment among ethnic minorities, that’s why Vietnamese traditional medicine has been passed down now However, due to overexploitation, some valuable medicinal plants are in danger of extinction or of small quantity Therefore, the thesis "Research on the diversity of medicinal plant resources in Hoang Su Phi, Ha Giang and proposed measures for sustainable conservation and use" is necessary and of great scientific significance The research objectives of the thesis To evaluate the diversity of medicinal plant resources in Hoang Su Phi, Ha Giang and propose measures for sustainable conservation and use The main research contents of the thesis Making an assessment on the current status of medicinal plant resources and the ethnic minorities’ knowledge and experience in using herbs for medicinal plants in the study area Exploring threats and proposing measures to conserve medicinal plants resources and knowledge of using them in Hoang Su Phi Initially proposing some measures to conserve and develop a number of potential medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in the study area Doing a research on biological activities of some medicinal plants used by the H'Mong and Dao ethnic groups as a basis for the development of a number of medicinal plants, traditional remedies of great medicinal value in the community The thesis layout The thesis includes parts: including 146 pages - Introduction: 02 pages - Literature review: 38 pages ( from page to 41) - Location, subject, content and research method: 16 pages (from page (from page 46 to 60) - Research results and discussion: 76 pages - Conclusion and Recommendation: 02 pages CHAPTER 1- LITERATURE OVERVIEW 1.1 A brief history of research on the diversity of medicinal plant resource 1.1.1 In the world Since ancient times, people have known to use plants as medicine to survive and fight against nature such as: to stop bleeding while using stone axes, for poisoning the arrowheads, hunting, etc Along with the social development, people have drawn experience in the collection, processing, and use of plants as medicine Because of its important role in human life, medicinal plant resources are currently being researched in most countries and territories around the world Results discussed in works have published research benefits in many areas of life 1.1.2 In Viet Nam Vietnam stretches in the North-South direction, from Lung Cu commune - Dong Van district - Ha Giang province to Dat Mui commune, Ngoc Hien district, Ca Mau province, with more than 1600 km on the mainland whose area is 327,480 km2 According to the national statistics, there are 33 national parks and 61 nature reserves in our country, in addition, there are a lot of large islands and archipelagos, such as Cat Ba, Con Co, Bach Long Vi, Hon Me, Cu Lao Cham, Con Dao, Phu Quoc and Tho Chu These places contain many resources in general and extremely rich resources of medicinal plants in particular Along with the development of history, traditional knowledge and experience about drug use in Vietnam have become more and more diverse, associated with the names of many famous physicians such as Tue Tinh, Hai Thuong Lan Ong In addition to the above works specializing in medicinal plants, there are also some documents related to medicinal plants, such as: La Dinh Moi et al (2001; 2002), in " Essential Oil Plant Resources in Vietnam" From 2001 to 2003, in the List of Plant Species of Vietnam, botanists introduced more than 10,000 species of Vietnamese plants, which mentioned the medicinal value of many plant species across the country In Ha Giang province, there have been a few projects on medicinal plant conservation and restoration for nearly two decades, but basically it has not been able to maintain the desired results In 2015, in the topic " Strategic research and development of medicinal plants in Ha Giang province", author Pham Thi Thanh Huyen made a list of medicinal plants of the province including 1565 species, of which there are 97 medicinal plant species that need to be protected in Vietnam In general, up to now, there have been no full and systematic studies on medicinal plants in Hoang Su Phi district, Ha Giang province 4 1.2 A brief history of research on use value and threats affecting the conservation of medicinal plant resources 1.2.1 In the world According to WHO around the world, it is estimated that 80% of the population depends on medicinal plants for treatment and primary health care in the community, especially in developing countries through famous traditional medicine systems such as Ayurvedic, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Tibetan medicine, Jamu medicine and Koryo medicine, Kampo, traditional Chinese medicine, Africa medicine, etc The value of using plants as medicine is becoming more and more popular in many countries in the world, even in advanced countries, where modern medicine is very developed Ethnic minorities in the world today is keeping and possessing a lot of unique knowledge and experience in using medicinal plants, especially traditional remedies with high therapeutic effect Traditional remedies have been used and evaluated in reality for thousands of years, so they have high reliability and safety Therefore, investigation of species composition and knowledge of using medicinal plants in ethnic groups is a research direction that is being interested in and deployed strongly in many countries around the world 1.2.2 In Vietnam 1.2.2.1 The use value of medicinal plant resource In order to better serve the needs of the people to cure diseases, besides traditional methods of using medicinal plants such as boiling, drinking, massage, many modern drugs derived from plants are prepared that brings a better, faster and more convenient outcome of treatment The use of drugs derived from plants tends to increase rapidly, so the pharmaceutical industry in this direction is increasingly focused and developed Thus, the development of existing medicinal plants in national parks, protected areas, and biosphere reserves is quite promising 1.2.2.2 Threats to medicinal plant resources There are many threats to medicinal plant resources in Vietnam, but generally in the following groups: From nature; Due to human beings; Due to change of land use purpose; Overexploitation; Other Threats (Wildfire, War) 1.3 A brief history of the conservation and development of medicinal plant resources and the role of ethnic pharmacological knowledge 1.3.1 In the world Ethnic communities around the world greatly depend on forest products, including medicinal plants; They are holders knowledgeable about the characteristics of indigenous medicinal plants and their use value, and at the same time they are good holders and controllers of the indigenous knowledge system of medicinal plant conservation in the forests because of their experience in harvesting medicinal plants, concepts, taboos, beliefs WHO has encouraged countries to re-document traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda or Unani systems, and folk medicine, or oral tradition, which will bring great benefits to humanity in terms of conservation in the future Documenting, digitizing pharmaceutical knowledge sources is a very important action to preserve knowledge before being disappeared along with people who understand it In addition, the sustainable conservation and use of medicinal plant resources used by indigenous peoples is essential as the basis for further scientific research based on indigenous knowledge 6 1.3.2 In Viet Nam Our country has a long-standing ethnic medicine with a lot of experience in using valuable medicinal plants and remedies to treat from common diseases (cold, cough, fever, ) to incurable diseases (liver , kidney, heart, ) That unique traditional medicine has protected the health of our nation throughout history with the motto "Vietnamese medicine is used to cure Vietnamese people" At the same time, the natural conditions favor the country and people of Vietnam a rich and diversified ecosystem of medicinal plants, with great potential for medicinal plant resources with more than 5,000 known species CHAPTER RESEARCH LOCATION, SUBJECT, CONTENT AND METHOD 2.1 Research location The research location is Hoang Su Phi District, this is a mountainous district in the western border, 110 km from the administrative center of Ha Giang 2.2 Research subject Medicinal plant resources of Hoang Su Phi District, Ha Giang Province (high-level vascular plants and some of medicinal potential) Knowledge of medicinal plant use of indigenous peoples (Mong and Dao) living in Hoang Su Phi District, Ha Giang Province 2.3 Research content 2.3.1 Research on the diversity and distribution of medicinal plant resources 2.3.2 Research and identifying threats to medicinal plant resources 2.3.3 Research and proposing conservation measures 2.3.4 Research on the biological activity of a number of medicinal plants used by the H’Mong and Dao ethnic groups for treatment 2.4 Research Methods 2.4.1 General methods 2.4.1.1 Inheritance method 2.4.1.2 Information processing 2.4.2 Group of methods of assessing the current status of medicinal plant resources 2.4.2.1 Methods of investigating medicinal plants To determine the composition of the species, we rely on the research method of Nguyen Nghia Thin (2007) and Gary J Martin (2002) in combination with the Medicinal Investigation Process of the Institute of Medicinal Materials Plants research method Specifying the specimen is based on the document on Vietnamese plants written by Pham Hoang Ho (1999-2003), Vietnamese Journal of plant (2000) The scientific name adjustment is based on the List of Vietnamese Plant Species edited by Nguyen Tien Ban and Phan Ke Loc and The plant list of the Royal Botanic Gardens To assess the diversity of the taxonomy, the diversity of life forms, of medicinal plant resources, we use the plant research methods of Nguyen Nghia Thin 2.4.2.2 Threat assessment To assess the level of threats, we rely on documents such as: Viet Na Red Book, World Red List (https://www.iucnredlist.org) and actual investigation among people; Decree No 06/2019 / ND-CP on: "Management of endangered, precious and rare forest plants and animals" 2.4.3 Identifying threats to medicinal plant resources 2.4.4 Conservation research methods 2.4.4.1 Research method of sexual propagation of seedlings 2.4.4.2 Research method of asexual propagation by cuttings 2.4.5 Research method of biological activity 2.4.5.1 Methods of anti-inflammatory activity evaluation 2.4.5.2 Test method of verified antimicrobial activity CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 The diversity of medicinal plant resources of Hoang Su Phi district, Ha Giang province 3.1.1 Diversity of taxonomic unit Up to now, the medicinal plant resources of Hoang Su Phi district, Ha Giang province have been identified, including species distributed in vascular plant branches: Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta (Table 3.1) Table 3.1 Distribution of medicinal plant species Plants Family Num Ratio ber (%) Genus Num Ratio ber (%) Species Nu Ratio mbe (%) r LYCOPODIOPH YTA 1,38 0,77 0,71 EQUISETOPHYTA 0,69 0,26 0,35 11 7,65 14 3,57 17 3,02 4,17 2,04 12 2,35 124 86,11 366 93,36 527 93,77 POLYPODIOPHYTA PINOPHYTA MAGNOLIOPHYTA ... objectives of the thesis To evaluate the diversity of medicinal plant resources in Hoang Su Phi, Ha Giang and propose measures for sustainable conservation and use The main research contents of the thesis. .. the diversity of medicinal plant resources in Hoang Su Phi, Ha Giang and proposed measures for sustainable conservation and use" is necessary and of great scientific significance The research. .. Ban and Phan Ke Loc and The plant list of the Royal Botanic Gardens To assess the diversity of the taxonomy, the diversity of life forms, of medicinal plant resources, we use the plant research