wetland systems storm water management control

[...]... Contents 1 Introduction to Wetland Systems 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Definitions 3 1.3 Hydrology of Wetlands 3 1.4 Wetland Chemistry 5 1.5 Wetland System Mass Balance 8 1.6 Macrophytes in Wetlands 9 1.7 Physical and Biochemical Parameters 11 1.8 Constructed Treatment Wetlands 12 1.9 Constructed Wetlands Used for Storm Water Treatment 13... Introduction to Wetland Systems 1.8 Constructed Treatment Wetlands Natural wetlands usually improve the quality of water passing through them, effectively acting as ecosystem filters In comparison, most constructed wetlands are artificially created wetlands used to treat water pollution in its variety of forms Therefore, they fall into the category of constructed treatment wetlands Treatment wetlands are... copper, chromium, nickel, and cadmium Storm water runoff is usually transferred within a combined sewer (rainwater and sewage) or separate storm water pipeline Depending on the degree of pollution, it may require further conventional treatment at the wastewater treatment plant Alternatively, storm water runoff may be treated by more sustainable technology including storm water ponds or simply by disposing... vertical-flow) wetlands Surface-flow constructed wetlands most closely mimic natural environments and are usually more suitable for wetland species because of permanent standing water In sub-surface-flow wetlands, water passes laterally through a porous medium (usually sand and gravel) with a limited number of macrophyte species These systems often have no standing water Constructed treatment wetlands can... Storm Water Treatment 13 1.9 Constructed Wetlands Used for Storm Water Treatment Urban runoff comprises the storm water runoff from urban areas such as roads and roofs Road and car park runoff is often more contaminated with heavy metals and organic matter than roof runoff Runoff is usually collected in gully pots that require regular cleaning Storm water pipes transfer urban runoff either directly to watercourses... importance of wetlands However, the natural water purification processes occurring within these systems have become increasingly relevant to those people involved with the practical use of constructed or even semi-natural wetlands for water and wastewater treatment There is no single accepted ecological definition of wetlands However, wetlands are usually characterized by the presence of water, unique... drainage into a local watercourse (Scholz 2006) Common preliminary treatment steps for storm water that is to be disposed into a local watercourse are extended storage within the storm water pipeline and transfer through a silt trap (also referred to as a sediment trap) The silt trap is often the only active preliminary treatment of surface water runoff despite the fact that storm water is frequently... variables such as soil and water pH, and anaerobiosis within soils In turn, biotic processes will have an impact upon the hydrological conditions of a wetland Water is the hallmark of wetlands Therefore, it is not surprising that the input and output of water (i.e., water budget; see below) of these systems determine the biochemical processes occurring within them The net result of the water budget (hydroperiod)... component of a wetland water budget (Scholz 2006) 1.4 Wetland Chemistry Because wetlands are associated with waterlogged soils, the concentration of oxygen within sediments and the overlying water is of critical importance The rate of oxygen diffusion into water and sediment is slow, and this (coupled with microbial and animal respiration) leads to near anaerobic sediments within many wetlands These... traditional centralized treatment systems Furthermore, wetlands enhance biodiversity and are less susceptible to variations of loading rates Contrary to standard domestic wastewater treatment technologies, storm water (e.g., gully pot liquor and effluent) treatment systems have to be robust to highly variable flow rates and water quality variations The storm water quality depends on the load of pollutants . Treatment Wetlands 12 1.9 Constructed Wetlands Used for Storm Water Treatment 13 References 16 2 Wetland Case Studies 19 2.1 Integrated Constructed Wetlands for Treating Domestic Wastewater. wetland systems and not just those controlling urban runoff. The subtitle Storm Water Management Control em- phasizes the shift in focus. The book covers broad water and environmental engineering. life. Solutions to pressing water quality problems associated with constructed treat- ment wetlands, integrated constructed wetlands, farm constructed wetlands and storm water ponds, and other sustainable