Oxford english practice grammar tự học ngữ pháp tiếng anh phần 1

Basic Oxíord English Practice Grammar wỉth answer NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CÀN BẢ Norman Coe Mark Harrison Ken Paterson Hồng Đ iíc (Dịch Giới thiệu) M ì NHÀ XUẤT BẢN T ĐIỂN BÁCH KHOA Oxford Practic^ Grammar Basic with ansvvers Norman Coe Mark Harrison Ken PatersoE O XFO RD UNIVERSITY PRESS NhÀ XUẤT BẢN Từ ĐIỂsl BÁCH KHOA Contents ỉntroduction Key to symbols IX IX Tenses: present Be: Presenl Simple (1) Bc: Present Simple (2) Present Simple ( 1) Prcsent Simple (2) Prescnt Continuous (1) Present Contừiuoiis (2) Present Simple or Present Continuous Imperative 10 12 14 16 Test A 18 Tenses: past 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Be: Past Simple Past Simple Past Continuous Past Simple or Past Continuous Prescnt Pcríect (1) Preí^e.nĩ Perfect (2) Prescnt Pcrfect (3) Past Simple or Present Períect Present Períect Continuous Prescnt Pcríect Simple or Continuous Past Períect ưsedto 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Test B 44 20 22 Tenses: future 21 22 23 24 25 26 Be going to WỈUandshaJl WiU or be going to Present Continuous for ứìc íuture Prescnt tcnse: when, before, ter, untiỉ, etc Putiưe 46 48 50 52 54 56 Test c 58 S e n t e n c e s a n d q u e s tio n s 27 28 29 30 Nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc Word order: subject, verb, object ‘Yes/no* questions where, wben, why, how 60 62 64 66 C O N TEN TS • PAGE V 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Who, what, which How long/^ /often ? W hat ,like? Who and what: subject and obiect Whos€ is this? - It*s lohn^s Question tags Short answers So am I, I am too, Neither am ỉ, etc 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 Test D 84 Modal verbs 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 86 88 Ability: can, can’t, could, couldn’t Can/Could I? May I? Can/Could you? Must, inu$tn’t Have to Musưhave to, mustn*t/don't have to Must, may, might> could Should, shouldn’t Shouỉd, ought to, had better Need needn% needn't have Had to do/go> should have done/gone 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 Test E 106 Articles nouns, pronouns, etc 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 PA G E V I • C O N TEN TS 108 Articles (1): a, an or thc Artides (2): a/an, the or no article Plural nouns; onc and ones This» ứiat, these, those Countable and uncountable nouns A, some, &ny, no I and me (subject and object pronouns) There or it/they My, your; mine; yours Myself, yourseư, etc.; each oứier Direct and indừect objects Mudi, many; how much/many; more A lot of, lots of, a littlc, a few Something» anybodỵ, nothing, etc Every/each; one/another/other/others AU, most, some, none 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 Test F 140 110 112 A d je c tiv e s a n d a d v e r b s 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 Adjectives (order) Adjectives: -ed or -ing Cardinal and ordinal numbers Comparison: (not) as as Too and enough So and such Comparative adjectives Superlatíve adjectives Adverbs (1): adjectives and adverbs Adverbs (2): adverbs of írequency Adverbs (3): place, directíon, sequence Adverb + adjective; noun + noun; etc Position of adverbs in a sentence 142 144 146 14« 150 152 154 156 158 160 162 164 166 TestG 168 Prepositions 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Prepositìons of place and movement Prepositions of tiine As/like; as ií/as though In; with; preposition + -ing Other uses of prepositìons Verb + prepositìon Adjcctive + prejx)sition 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 TestH 184 Verbs 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Have and have got Make, do, have, get Phrasal verbs (1): meanings and types Phrasal verbs (2): separability Passive sentences (1) Passive sentences (2) Have something done Iníìnitive wiứiywithout to Verb + -ing; like and would like Verb + to or verb + -ing Purpose: for ing Verb + object (+ to) + inlìnitive 186 188 190 192 194 196 198 200 202 204 206 208 Test 210 CONTENTS • PAGEVII Conditionals and reported speech 97 98 99 100 101 102 Zero Conditional and First Conditional Second Conditional Third Conditional Reported speech (1) Reported speech (2) Reported questions 212 Test J 224 214 216 218 220 222 Building sentences 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 And, but, so, both and, either, etc Because, in case, so, so that Since, as, for Although, vvhile, hovvever, despite, etc Relative dauses (1) Relative clauses (2) Relative clauses (3) 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 TestK 240 Appendices HAGE VIII • CONTENTS Nouns Regular verbs Irregular verbs Adjectives and adverbs 242 243 244 245 Key to the exercises 246 Key to the tests 275 Exit test 281 Key to the exit test 288 Index 289 Introduction The Oxford Practice Grammar is a series of three books, each vvritten at ứie right level for you at each stage in your study of English The series is intended for your use either in a classroom or whcn working independently in your own time The books are divided into units, each of which covers an important grammar topic Each unit starts with an explanation of the grammar and this is followed by a set of practice exercises Tests at the end of each unit or section of units give the opportunity for more practice and enable you to assess how much you have learned Answers to the exercises and the tests are given at the back of the book You may want to choose the ordcr in which you study the grammar topics, perhaps going íìrst to those giving you problems (Topics are listed in the G)ntents page at the ÍTont of each book and in the Index at the back.) Alternatively you may choose to start at the beginning of cach book and work through to the end An interactive CD-ROM is included at each of the three levels, oíĩering altemativc ways to practíse You can recognize and correct written mistakes, and you can also takc part in spoken diaỉogues; you can record and listen to ỵour own voice and leam to speak more naturally Exam practice The Oxford Practice Grammar - Basừ is vvrittcn for elementary to pre-intermediate students of Engỉish Grammar topics are explained simply and clearly and you are given lots of opportunity to practise Each new topic is presented on a left-hand page and the practice section foUows on thc same page or the fecing page You can thereíore look aCTOss to the explanation while you are working through the exercises Appendices at the back of the book summarize how to form plurak of nouns, verb endings, comparative forms of adj€ctives, and adverbs They also indude a table of ừregular verbs An exit test providcs an opportunity for more practice, and prcparrs you for OxfoTd Practice Grammar - Intermediate There is an interactive Oxfoni Practice Grammar website at www.oup.com/elt/practicegrammar Key to symbols Tho Symbol / (oblique sứoto) betw®en two W0fds means that ther word is pó»ible Wa put d o n betore hBlstMlít means that W9 ịmA dO0s befon h9,W eput do*a bators */w and Wb put đoM betore H are all possible In exerdse questlons this Symbol Is ateo I^ed to separate words or phrases wtiich are possible answere The first level in the series is Oxford Practice Grammar - Basic This is suitable for elcmentary to pre-intermediate learners, and those vvoridng for thc PET exam The second is Oxford Practice Grammar - Intermedùite, for students who are no longer beginners but are not yet advanced in their use of Engiish It is suitable for those studying for the Cambridge FCE Oxford Practice Grammar - Advanced is for those who have progressed beyond the intermcdiate Icvel and who wish to increase theừ knowledge of English grammar and become more confident when using it It helps students preparc for CAE, CPE, TOEFL, lELTS, and other advanced-level exams Brackets () around a word or phrase in the middle of a senteóo9 mean ttiat it can be l6ft out She said ịthat) she Hved in a small fíat means that there are tvvo póssible sentences: She sald that she llvữd in a smatl fíat and Sh0 sakỉ sh0 lìved in a smaH Hat The Symbol ~ means ttut there is a change of speaker In example When did Jane go to India? - In June, ttie question and answer are spoken by different people The Symbol ^ in an exerdse indicates ttìat a sampie an8wer Is glven INTRODUCTION • PAGE IX Be: Present Simple (1) Here are some examples of be in ứ\e Present Simple: This Ì5 m ỵ brother He*s ten years o l í ưm a student These are my books They aren*t at home They*re at the theatre We use be: We form the Present Simple of be like this: Pỉuraỉ F Ư UF OR M SHORTFORM ĩ a in Vm y o u a re y o u ’r e h e / s h e / i t is h e ’s / s h e ’s / i t 's w e are w e*re y o u a re y o u ^ re th e y a rc th e y V e FƯLL FORM SHORT N E G A T IV E Singuìar Pluraỉ Steve and t h i s i$ mỵ frtend BiỉL We're' from Scotland, Vm ]anet and these are tnỵ sisters, This is Sandra and this Patricia Sandra and Patricia are doơors rm ► to tâ lk a bo ut the vveather: P O S IT IV E Singuỉar ► to say w h o we are: I am not FORM Vm n o t y o u a re n o t y o u a r e n ’t h e / s h e / i t is n o t h e / s h e / ì t i s n 't we arc aot we a r c n ’t y o u a re n o t y o u a r c n ’t th c y a r e n o t ihey aren’t /f*5 cold todaỵ, /f a beautiỊul day /f's usualỉy hot here ỉt ỉsn*t very warm today ► to ta lk a b o u t the tim c : ỉt's ten o^clock ỉt'$ haỉf pastfour You're lâte! ► to ta lk a bo ut places: Miỉan is in the north oỊ Itaìy, Ịohn and Mary are in Yorkshire ► to ta lk a bo ut people’s ages: M ỵ sister is six years oỉd In speech, we usually use the short forms: She's my sừter He*s my brother ưm from ỉtaìy Theỵ*re German I^raclicc María is from Brazil She is writing about herselt and her family Put full form s o f bB in the gaps ► I ạiĩỊ a student from Brazil ► My parents arẹ.nọt (not) rich My fa th e r a teacher My m other (not) Brazilian S h e from America I twenty years old My little b ro th e r two My older b roữ iers (not) students T h e y in the army I t oflen very hot in Brazil PA G E T E N S E S P R E S E N T B Now fill these gaps This time, use short form s of õe, as in the examples ► r rn a doctor ► \'!V.P.ỌĨ (not) a bank manager She (not) a teacher I t eight o'clock He a student We from Paris They at home We (not) from Bordeaux They (not) in the park You (not) ívventy^one It (not) cold today 10 twenty-four C hoose w o rd s fro m the box to put in the gaps He’s She’s They're lt’s (x2) are is We isn’t ► My parents live in Scotland teachers New York In England in America P a u l from Germany German My sister is a doctor thlrty years old six o’c lo c k ! are late Look at the time! Chris and Mary late D Look at th e se pictures These people are saying w h o they are VVrite sentences, c h o o sin g the co rre c t jo b s from the box, as ìn the exam ple a pop star a-poHeemen- a ĩarm er an artist a bank manager a teacher names: Ị'ĩV nationality; yy.ẹ’ a^tootballer a film star trọ.ọi a dentist a scientist a doctor a photographer f