Chapter 2 transportation modalities sea

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION MODALITIES PRESENTED BY: BICH HOAI, MSc Contents • Air • Road • Rail • Sea • Waterway • Multimodal transport Sea Transport Introduction Globalization Sea Transport Introduction: Geography Main World Sea Trade Lanes Sea Transport Introduction: Geography Shipping Ports Destination Ports Singapore HUB Manila Rotterdam HUB HCMC ? Antwerp Feeders Jakarta Le Havre Transport Feeders Hamburg Sea Transport Introduction: Geography Maritime Routes and Strategic Locations Gibraltar Panama Suez Hormuz Bab el-Mandab Malacca Good Hope Magellan Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans Sea Transport Introduction: Geography The Panama Canal Colon cO an ce Atlantic Ocean fi ci Pa Cristobal Atlantic Ocean Gatun Locks Gatun Dam Gatun Lake Panama Canal Railway Panama City Pedro Miguel Locks Miraflores Locks a m a n a P Gaillard Cut Miles Source: http://people.hofstra.edu Balboa Pacific Ocean Sea Transport Introduction: Geography The Panama Canal Actual: • Traffic Lanes: • Length: 86 km • Passage time: hours • Locks: 305 x 33.5 m • Depth: 12.5 – 13.7 m Planned: 3rd traffic lane for vessels up to 12,000 TEU Sea Transport Introduction: Geography Shipping Lanes and Strategic Passages in Pacific Asia Tsugaru an p Ja Hormuz n ea c cO i f ci Pa China Malacca Indi an O cean So uth Ch ina Se a Indi a Makassar esia n o d In Sunda Lombok Source: http://people.hofstra.edu Sea Transport Introduction: Geography ci Pa fo ul G The Strait of Malacca fic n O d an di an nd ila In a ce O fT a il Th an ce Strait of Malacca Ma s ia la y South China Sea Singapore sia y la Ma Indonesia In si ne Indian Ocean a Strait of Sunda 100 Source: http://people.hofstra.edu 200 400 600 800 Miles 10 Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo Sacks, Cartons, Crates, Drums, Pallets, Bags Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo Port of Jakarta – Sunda Kelapa Manual handling Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo Port of Jakarta – Sunda Kelapa Crane handling Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo Unitisation: pallets, boxes Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Neo Bulk Cargo Lumber, Paper, Steel, Cars Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Containerized Cargo Containers Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Containerized Cargo Container Flow Imbalances 3.2 mio TEU 4.3 mio TEU 2.1 mio TEU 9.4 mio TEU Source: Drewry Shipping Consultants, Container Market Quarterly Sep 2004 25 Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Containerized Cargo Lift on / Lift Off (Lo/Lo) Maritime Cargoes General Cargo: Containerized Cargo Roll On / Roll Off (Ro/Ro) Mafi Trailers: to load / offload cargo which is not rolling itself: pallets, containers etc Maritime Cargoes Liquid Bulk Cargo LNG, Petroleum, Molasses, Chemicals, Vegetable Oil Maritime Cargoes Dry Bulk Cargo Grain, Sand & Gravel, Scrap Metal, Coal, Clinker, Fertilizer Vessel Types Vessel Sizes: Panamax The Panama Canal Actual: • Traffic Lanes: • Length: 86 km • Passage time: hours • Locks: 305 x 33.5 m • Depth: 12.5 – 13.7 m Planned: 3rd traffic lane for vessels up to 12,000 TEU 30 Vessel Types Vessel Sizes: Panamax 31 Sea Transport Considerations for Loading / Unloading Factors to be considered: The safety of the crew and the vessel and its seaworthiness • Avoid damage to vessel and cargo during transhipment in the port • Proper weight distribution: for vessel stability and to avoid hull tensions • An efficient space utilisation in the vessel • A right loading sequence of ports and shipments • A division of cargo which enables discharging as quickly as possible with a maximum number of gangs in each port • Easy recognition by proper marking and labelling of shipments • Separation of dangerous goods and lashing of goods if needed 32 THANK YOU 33 ...Contents • Air • Road • Rail • Sea • Waterway • Multimodal transport Sea Transport Introduction Globalization Sea Transport Introduction: Geography Main World Sea Trade Lanes Sea Transport Introduction:... (millions of 1.0 barrels per day) Sea 20 02- 2003 figures 3.0 Bosporus Med iterr Turkey anea n Iran Iraq Suez 3.8 PG Egypt Hormuz 15.5 Saudi Arabia d Re Sudan Se a Planned