Chapter 1: …………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 Article 1 Governing scope ……................................................................................................................. 1 Article 2 Applicable ................................................................................................................................... 1 Article 3 Applicable of Law on Enterprise, international treaties and relevant laws …............................. 1 Article 4 Interpretation of terms …............................................................................................................. 1 Article 5 Sate guarantees for enterprise and owners of enterprises …........................................................ 4 Article 6 Polotical organizations and socio-poloitical organizations in enterprises .................................. 4 Article 7 Lines of business and business conditions ………………............................................................... 4 Article 8 Rights of enterprises ………………………...................................................................................... 5 Article 9 Obligations of enterprise ………………………………………………………………………….6 Article 10 Rights and obligations of enterprises involved in production or provision of publc utility service or goods ……………………………………………………………………………………6 Article 11 Prohibited practices ……………………………………………………………………………….7 Article 12 Document retention regimeof enterprises ………………………………………………………..7
Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com i LAW ON ENTERPRISES TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 1 Article 1 Governing scope 1 Article 2 Applicability 1 Article 3 Application of Law on Enterprises, international treaties and relevant laws 1 Article 4 Interpretation of terms 1 Article 5 State guarantees for enterprises and owners of enterprises 4 Article 6 Political organizations and socio-political organizations in enterprises 4 Article 7 Lines of business and business conditions 4 Article 8 Rights of enterprises 5 Article 9 Obligations of enterprises 6 Article 10 Rights and obligations of enterprises involved in production or provision of public utility services or goods 6 Article 11 Prohibited practices 7 Article 12 Document retention regime of enterprises 7 CHAPTER II 8 ESTABLISHMENT AND BUSINESS REGISTRATION 8 Article 13 Right to establish, contribute capital to, purchase shares in, and manage enterprises 8 Article 14 Contracts prior to business registration 9 Article 15 Procedures for business registration 9 Article 16 Business registration documents for private enterprises 9 Article 17 Business registration documents for partnerships 9 Article 18 Business registration documents for limited liability companies 10 Article 19 Business registration documents for shareholding companies 10 Article 20 Documents, order, procedures, conditions for and contents of business or investment registration for foreign investors investing in Vietnam for the first time 11 Article 21 Contents of request for business registration 11 Article 22 Contents of charter of company 11 Article 23 List of members of limited liability company or partnership, list of founding shareholders of shareholding company 12 Article 24 Conditions for issuance of business registration certificate 13 Article 25 Contents of business registration certificates 13 Article 26 Change to contents of business registration 13 Article 27 Provision of information relating to contents of business registration 14 Article 28 Announcement of contents of business registration 14 Article 29 Transfer of ownership of assets 15 Article 30 Valuation of assets contributed as capital 15 Article 31 Name of enterprises 16 Article 32 Prohibited practices in naming of enterprises 16 Article 33 Names of enterprises written in foreign languages and abbreviated names of enterprises 16 Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com ii Article 34 Identical names and names which cause confusion 16 Article 35 Head office of enterprises 17 Article 36 Seal of enterprises 17 Article 37 Representative offices, branches and business locations of enterprises 18 CHAPTER III 18 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES 18 SECTION I 18 Limited Liability Companies with Two or More Members 18 Article 38 Limited liability companies with two or more members 18 Article 39 Capital contribution and issuance of capital contribution certificates 19 Article 40 Register of members 20 Article 41 Rights of members 20 Article 42 Obligations of members 21 Article 43 Redemption of shares of capital contribution 21 Article 44 Assignment of shares of capital contribution 22 Article 45 Dealing with shares of capital contribution in other cases 22 Article 46 Organizational and management structure of companies 23 Article 47 Members’ Council 23 Article 48 Authorized representative 24 Article 49 Chairman of Members’ Council 25 Article 50 Convening meetings of Members’ Council 26 Article 51 Conditions and procedures for conducting meetings of Members’ Council 27 Article 52 Resolutions of Members’ Council 28 Article 53 Minutes of meetings of Members’ Council 28 Article 54 Procedures for approval of resolutions of Members’ Council by way of collection of written opinions 29 Article 55 Director or general director 30 Article 56 Obligations of members of Members’ Council, director or general director 30 Article 57 Criteria and conditions to become director or general director 31 Article 58 Remuneration, salary and bonus of members of Members' Council, director or general director 31 Article 59 Contracts and transactions which must be approved by Members’ Council 31 Article 60 Increases and reductions of charter capital 32 Article 61 Conditions for distribution of profits 33 Article 62 Recovery of returned shares of capital contribution or distributed profits 33 SECTION II 33 One Member Limited Liability Companies 33 Article 63 One member limited liability companies 33 Article 64 Rights of company owners 34 Article 65 Obligations of company owners 35 Article 66 Restrictions on rights of company owner 35 Article 67 Organizational and management structure of limited liability company with one member being an organization 36 Article 68 Members’ Council 36 Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com iii Article 69 Chairman of company 37 Article 70 Director or general director 37 Article 71 Inspectors 38 Article 72 Obligations of members of Members’ Council, chairman of company, director or general director and inspectors 39 Article 73 Remuneration, salary and other benefits of managers of company and inspectors 39 Article 74 Organizational and management structure of limited liability company with one member being an individual 40 Article 75 Contracts and transactions of company with related persons 40 Article 76 Increases and reductions of charter capital 41 CHAPTER IV 41 SHAREHOLDING COMPANIES 41 Article 77 Shareholding companies 41 Article 78 Classes of shares 41 Article 79 Rights of ordinary shareholders 42 Article 80 Obligations of ordinary shareholders 44 Article 81 Voting preference shares and rights of voting preference shareholders 44 Article 82 Dividend preference shares and rights of dividend preference shareholders 45 Article 83 Redeemable preference shares and rights of redeemable preference shareholders 45 Article 84 Ordinary shares of founding shareholders 45 Article 85 Share certificates 47 Article 86 Register of shareholders 48 Article 87 Offer for sale and assignment of shares 48 Article 88 Issue of bonds 50 Article 89 Purchase of shares and bonds 50 Article 90 Redemption of shares upon demand by shareholders 50 Article 91 Redemption of shares pursuant to resolution of company 51 Article 92 Conditions for payment for and dealing with redeemed shares 51 Article 93 Payment of dividends 52 Article 94 Recovery of payments for redeemed shares or dividends 52 Article 95 Organizational and management structure of shareholding companies 52 Article 96 General Meeting of Shareholders 53 Article 97 Authority to convene meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 54 Article 98 List of shareholders entitled to attend meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 55 Article 99 Program and agenda of meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 56 Article 100 Invitations to meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 56 Article 101 Right to attend meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 57 Article 102 Conditions for conducting meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 58 Article 103 Procedures for conducting and voting at a meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 58 Article 104 Passing of resolutions of General Meeting of Shareholders 60 Article 105 Authority and procedures for collection of written opinions in order to pass resolutions of General Meeting of Shareholders 61 Article 106 Minutes of meeting of General Meeting of Shareholders 63 Article 107 Demand for cancellation of resolutions of General Meeting of Shareholders 63 Article 108 Board of Management 64 Article 109 Term of office and numbers of members of Board of Management 65 Article 110 Standards and conditions for acting as member of Board of Management 66 Article 111 Chairman of Board of Management 66 Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com iv Article 112 Meetings of Board of Management 66 Article 113 Minutes of meetings of Board of Management 68 Article 114 Rights of members of Board of Management to be provided with information 68 Article 115 Dismissal, removal and addition of members of Board of Management 69 Article 116 Director or general director of company 69 Article 117 Remuneration, salary and other benefits of members of Board of Management and director or general director 70 Article 118 Public disclosure of relevant interests 71 Article 119 Obligations of managers of company 71 Article 120 Contracts and transactions subject to approval by General Meeting of Shareholders or Board of Management 72 Article 121 Inspection Committee 73 Article 122 Criteria and conditions for members of Inspection Committee 73 Article 123 Rights and duties of Inspection Committee 73 Article 124 Rights of Inspection Committee to be provided with information 74 Article 125 Remuneration and other benefits of members of Inspection Committee 75 Article 126 Obligations of members of Inspection Committee 75 Article 127 Dismissal and removal of Inspection Committee 75 Article 128 Submission of annual reports 76 Article 129 Public disclosure of information on shareholding companies 76 CHAPTER V 77 PARTNERSHIPS 77 Article 130 Partnerships 77 Article 131 Capital contribution and issuance of capital contribution certificates 77 Article 132 Assets of partnership 78 Article 133 Restrictions with respect to rights of unlimited liability partners 78 Article 134 Rights and obligations of unlimited liability partners 78 Article 135 Partners' Councils 80 Article 136 Convening meetings of Partners’ Council 80 Article 137 Management of business of partnership 81 Article 138 Termination of status as unlimited liability partner 82 Article 139 Admission of new partners 83 Article 140 Rights and obligations of limited liability partners 83 CHAPTER VI 84 PRIVATE ENTERPRISES 84 Article 141 Private enterprises 84 Article 142 Invested capital of enterprise owners 84 Article 143 Management of enterprises 85 Article 144 Lease of enterprises 85 Article 145 Sale of private enterprises 85 Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com v CHAPTER VII 85 CORPORATE GROUPS 85 Article 146 Corporate groups 85 Article 147 Rights and responsibilities of parent company to subsidiary company 86 Article 148 Financial statements of parent companies and subsidiary companies 86 Article 149 Economic groups 87 CHAPTER VIII 87 RE-ORGANIZATION, DISSOLUTION AND BANKRUPTCY OF ENTERPRISES 87 Article 150 Division of enterprises 87 Article 151 Separation of enterprises 88 Article 152 Consolidation of enterprises 89 Article 153 Merger of enterprises 89 Article 154 Conversion of companies 90 Article 155 Conversion of one member limited liability companies 90 Article 156 Temporary suspension of business 91 Article 157 Cases of and conditions for dissolution of enterprises 91 Article 158 Procedures for dissolution of enterprises 91 Article 159 Prohibited activities as from date of resolution on dissolution 93 Article 160 Bankruptcy of enterprises 93 CHAPTER IX 93 STATE ADMINISTRATION OF ENTERPRISES 93 Article 161 Contents of State administration of enterprises 93 Article 162 Responsibilities for State administration of enterprises 94 Article 163 Organizational structure, duties and powers of business registration bodies 95 Article 164 Inspection of business operations of enterprises 95 Article 165 Dealing with breaches 95 CHAPTER X 96 IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS 96 Article 166 Conversion of State owned companies 96 Article 167 Enterprises serving national defence and security 96 Article 168 Exercise of rights of owner of State owned capital in enterprises 97 Article 169 Establishment of State owned enterprises 97 Article 170 Application to enterprises established prior to date of effectiveness of this Law 97 Article 171 Effectiveness 98 Article 172 Guidelines for implementation 98 Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 1 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness No. 60-2005-QH11 LAW ON ENTERPRISES Pursuant to the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Rep ublic of Vietnam as amended and added to by Resolution 51-2001-QH10 passed by Legislature X of the National Assembly at its 10th Session on 25 December 2001; This Law provides for enterprises. CHAPTER I General Provisions Article 1 Governi ng scope This Law provides for the establishment, management organi zation and operation of limited liability companies, shareholding companies, partnerships and private enterprises in all economic sectors (hereinafter referred to as enterprises); provides for corporate groups. Article 2 Applicability 1. Enterprises of all economic sectors. 2. Organizations and individuals involved in the e stablishment, management organization and operation of enterprises. Article 3 Applicatio n of Law on Enterprises, international treaties and relevant laws 1. The establishment, management organization and operatio n of enterprises in all economic sectors shall comply with this Law and other provisions of relevant laws. 2. In special cases where the establishment, management organization and operation of an enterprise is reg ulated by another law, the provisions of such law shall apply. 3. If an international treaty of which the Socialist Repu blic of Vietnam is a member contains provisions which are different from the provisions in this Law, the provisions of such international treaty shall apply. Article 4 Interpretation of terms In this Law, the following terms sh all be construed as follows: 1. Enterpri se means an economic organization having its own name, having assets and a permanent transaction office, and having business registration in accordance with law for the purpose of conducting business operations. Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 2 2. Bus iness means the continuous conduct of one, several or all of the stages of the investment process, from production to sale of goods or provision of services in the market for profits. 3. Valid do cuments means documents comprising all papers as required by this Law, which provide all information as required by law. 4. Capital co ntribution means the transfer of assets into a company so as to become the owner or a joint owner of the company. Capital contribution may be in the form of Vietnamese currency, freely convertible foreign currency, gold, value of land use rights, value of intellectual property rights, technology, technical know-how, or other assets recorded in the charter of the company as being contributed by the members to form the capital of the company. 5. Share of capital contribution means the ratio of capital contributed by the owner or the joint owners of the company to the charter capital. 6. Cha rter capital means the amount of capital contributed or undertaken to be contributed by members or shareholders in a certain period and stipulated in the charter of the company. 7. Legal capital means the minimum amount of capital required by law for the establishment of an enterprise. 8. Voting capita l means the amount of capital contribution or shares entitling the owner to vote on matters which fall within the decision-making powers of the Members’ Council or the General Meeting of Shareholders. 9. Divi dend means the amount of net profits distributed for each share in cash or in the form of other assets from the remaining profits of the company after performance of financial obligations. 10. Foundi ng member means a person contributing capital and involved in formulating, approving and signing the initial charter of a limited liability company or partnership. 11. Share holder means a person holding at least one share already issued by the shareholding company. Founding shareholder me ans a shareholder involved in formulating, approving and signing the initial charter of a shareholding company. 12. Unlim ited liability partner 1 means a partner who is liable for the obligations of the partnership 2 to the extent of all his or her assets. 13. Manag er of an enterprise means the owner or director of a private enterprise, an unlimited liability partner of a partnership, the chairman of a Members’ Council, the chairman of a company, a member of a Board of Management, a director or general director, and other managerial positions as stipulated in the charter of a company 3 . 1 Allens Arthur Robinson Note: The literal translation is "partnership member", however 'partner' has been adopted throughout this translation. The same Vietnamese term (“member” without “partnership”) is used to denote a member of a limited liability company. 2 Allens Arthur Robinson Note: The literal translation is "partnership company", however 'partnership' has been adopted throughout this translation. 3 Allens Arthur Robinson Note: The Vietnamese term for 'company' covers each and all of private enterprise, partnership, limited liability company & shareholding company. Also in this Law, the Vietnamese text seems to swap between using 'company' and 'enterprise'. Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 3 14. Authori zed representative means an individual who is authorized in writing by a member of a limited liability company or a shareholder of a shareholding company where such member or shareholder is an organisation to exercise that member's or shareholder's rights in the company in accordance with this Law. 15. A company shall be deemed to be a pa rent company of another company in one of the following cases: (a) [The p arent company] holds more than fifty (50) per cent of the charter capital of or the total ordinary shares already issued by such [other] company; (b) [The parent company] has the right to appoint dire ctly or indirectly a majority or all of the members of the board of management [and/or] the director or general director of such [other] company; (c) [The parent company] has the right to decide on a mendment of or addition to the charter of such [other] company. 16. Re-organi zation of an enterprise means the division, separation, merger, consolidation or conversion of an enterprise. 17. Relate d person means any organization or individual related directly or indirectly to an enterprise in the following cases: (a) With regard to a subsidiary company, [related perso n] means the parent company, a manager of the parent company or any person who has the power to appoint such managers. (b) With regard to a parent company, [relat ed person] means any subsidiary company; (c) A person or a group of persons being able to control the decision-making process and operations of an enterprise through the management bodies of such enterprise; (d) A manager of an enterprise; (dd) Husband, wife, father, adoptive father, mother, adoptive mother, child, adopted child or sibling of any manager of the enterprise, or of any member or shareholder holding a capital contribution portion or controlling shares; (e) An individual who is authorized to act as the representative of a person stipulated in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (dd) of this clause; (g) An enterprise in which a person stipulated in paragra phs (a), (b), (c), (d), (dd), (e) and (h) of this clause holds shares to the level that they are able to control the decision-making process of the management bodies of such enterprise; (h) Any group of persons agreeing to co-ordinate to take over shares of capital contribution, shares or interests in the company or to control the decision-making process of the company. 18. State owned share of capital contribution means the share of capital contribution invested from the State Budget and other capital sources of the State in respect of which a State body or economic organization acts as the representative of the owner; Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 4 State owned share means a share for which payment is made with capital from the State Budget or other capital sources of the State in respect of which a State body or economic organization acts as the representative of the owner. 19. Market price of share of capital contribution o r of shares means the transaction price on the securities market or the price determined by a professional valuation organization. 20. Nationality of enterprise means the nationality of the country or territory in which the enterprise is established and has registered its business. 21. Permanent residential address means the registe red address of the head office in the case of organizations; the registered address of permanent residence or address of the work place or other address of an individual who has registered such address as the contact address of the enterprise. 22. State owned enterprise means an enterprise in which the State o wns more than fifty (50) per cent of the charter capital. Article 5 State guara ntees 4 for enterprises and owners of enterprises 1. The State shall recognise the long term existen ce and development of the types of enterprise provided for in this Law, ensure the equality of enterprises before the law, irrespective of their form of ownership and economic sector; recognise the lawful profit-making nature of business activities. 2. The State shall recognise and protect the ownership of assets, invested capital, income and other lawful rights and interests of an enterprise and its owner(s). 3. The lawful assets and invested capital of an enterprise and its owner shall not be nationalized or exprop riated by administrative measures. In extremely necessary cases where th e State compulsorily acquires or requisitions the assets of an enterprise for reasons of national defence or security and in the national interest, the enterprise shall be paid or compensated at the market price at the time of declaration of the compulsory acquisition or requisition. The payment or compensation must ensure the interests of the enterprise without discrimination as between types of enterprise. Article 6 Political orga nizations and socio-political organizations in enterprises 1. Political organizations and socio-political organizations i n enterprises shall operate within the framework of the Constitution, the law, and the regulations of respective organizations which are consistent with law. 2. An enterprise shall be obliged to respect and facilita te its employees to establish and participate in activities of organizations stipulated in clause 1 of this article. Article 7 Line s of business and business conditions 1. Enterprises in all economic sectors have the rig ht to conduct lines of business which are not prohibited by law. 4 Allens Arthur Robinson Note: An alternative translation is "assurances". Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 5 2. With respect to lines of business which are subject to conditions stipulated by the laws on investment and other relevant laws, an enterprise shall be allowed to conduct such lines of business only if it satisfies all of the stipulated conditions. Business condition means a requirement which an enterprise must satisfy or perform when it con ducts a specific line of business, and [the satisfaction or performance of which] shall be demonstrated by way of a business licence, certificate of satisfaction of business conditions, practising certificate, certificate of professional indemnity insurance, legal capital requirement, or other requirements. 3. Business activities adversely affecting national defe nce, security, social order and safety, historical, cultural and ethical traditions, Vietnamese fine customs and traditions, and the people’s health or deteriorating natural resources or destroying the environment shall be prohibited. The Government shall specify the list of lines of bu siness which are prohibited. 4. The Government shall review and re-assess periodically all o r part of business conditions; shall abolish or propose the abolition of conditions which are no longer suitable; shall amend or propose the amendment of unreasonable conditions; shall issue or propose the issuance of new business conditions in accordance with the requirements of State administration. 5. Ministries, ministerial equivalent bodies, people's council s and people's committees at all levels shall not be permitted to stipulate lines of business which are subject to conditions and business conditions. Article 8 Right s of enterprises 1. To conduct business autonomously; to take initiative in sele cting the line of business, the area for investment and the form of investment, to take initiative in expanding the scope and lines of business; to be encouraged and facilitated by and to enjoy favourable treatment from the State to participate in production and supply of public utility services and goods. 2. To select the form and manner of raising, allocating and using capital. 3. To take initiative in seeking markets and customers and signing contracts. 4. To conduct import and export business. 5. To recruit, employ and use labour in accordan ce with business requirements. 6. To take initiative in applying modern technology and science in order to improve business efficiency and competiti veness. 7. To make decisions autonomously on business affairs and internal relations. 8. To possess, use and dispose of a ssets of the enterprise. 9. To refuse any demand for supply of any reso urces not sanctioned by law. 10. To lodge complaints and denunciations in accordance with the laws on complaints and denu nciations. [...]... required by law Article 20 Documents, order, procedures, conditions for and contents of business or investment registration for foreign investors investing in Vietnam for the first time Documents, order, procedures, conditions for and contents of business or investment registration of foreign investors investing in Vietnam for the first time shall be subject to this Law and the laws on investment The investment... obstruction, or difficulty to persons requesting business registration or to the business activities of enterprises 2 To conduct business in the form of an enterprise in accordance with this Law without carrying out business registration, or to continue to conduct business after revocation of a business registration certificate 3 To declare dishonestly or inaccurately the contents of business registration... Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 10 4 Document of a competent body or organization certifying legal capital in respect of enterprises conducting lines of business subject to legal capital requirements by law 5 Practising certificate of the director or general director and other individuals in respect of enterprises conducting lines of business for which a practising certificate... representative in legal proceedings in accordance with law 12 Other rights as stipulated by law Article 9 Obligations of enterprises 1 To conduct business strictly in accordance with the lines of business recorded in the business registration certificate; to satisfy business conditions in accordance with law if conducting a line of business subject to conditions 2 To organize accounting works, to prepare... or provision of services Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 6 7 Other rights and obligations as stipulated by law Article 11 Prohibited practices 1 To issue business registration certificates to persons not satisfying the conditions or to refuse issuance of business registration certificates to persons satisfying the conditions stipulated in this Law; to cause... organization certifying legal capital in respect of enterprises conducting lines of business subject to legal capital requirements by law 4 Practising certificate of the director and other individuals in respect of enterprises conducting lines of business for which a practising certificate is required by law Article 17 Business registration documents for partnerships 1 Request for business registration in. .. person making the capital contribution and the enterprise; where the assets contributed as capital are valued at more than their actual value at the time of capital contribution, the person making the capital contribution or the valuation organization and the legal representative of the enterprise shall be responsible jointly Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com... stipulated in clause 2 of this article to be conducted, it may be convened for a third time within ten (10) working days from the date on which the second meeting was intended to be conducted In this 9 Allens Arthur Robinson Note: Reference should be made to the Appendix to Resolution 71 of the National Assembly dated 29 November regarding Vietnam' s accession to WTO Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online... enterprise and other matters included in the business registration documents, the enterprise Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 13 must register with the business registration body within a period of ten (10) working days from the date of the decision on the change 2 Where any change is made to the contents of a business registration certificate, the enterprise... competent business registration body 2 Draft charter of the partnership 3 List of partners, copy of people’s identity card, passport or other lawful personal identification of each partner Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com 9 4 Document of a competent body or organization certifying legal capital in respect of enterprises conducting lines of business subject . DISSOLUTION AND BANKRUPTCY OF ENTERPRISES 87 Article 150 Division of enterprises 87 Article 151 Separation of enterprises 88 Article 152 Consolidation of enterprises 89 Article 153 Merger of enterprises. Allens Arthur Robinson - Vietnam Laws Online Database on www.vietnamlaws.com i LAW ON ENTERPRISES TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 1 Article 1 . ADMINISTRATION OF ENTERPRISES 93 Article 161 Contents of State administration of enterprises 93 Article 162 Responsibilities for State administration of enterprises 94 Article 163 Organizational