Truong Thi Hoa, Ph D 1 By the end of this chapter, students should be able to üUnderstand the diversity and interactive nature of qualitative data üIdentify key aspects of qualitative analysis techniq[.]
Truong Thi Hoa, Ph.D By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: üUnderstand the diversity and interactive nature of qualitative data üIdentify key aspects of qualitative analysis technique Overview of qualitative analysis designs Qualitative data 2.1 Characteristics 2.2 Sampling 2.3 Collecting qualitative data 2.4 Preparing qualitative data for analysis 2.5 Analyzing data 1.1 Objectives -Often commence with inductive approach to develop theory -Could also start with deductive approach to test existing theory Could be a part of quantitative research Qualitative research steps for theory development Research gap → Research questions T Theory → Theory development Research design Research project execution R Conceptual framework and hypotheses Source: Nguyen Dinh Tho (2012) 1.2 Characteristics üStudies participants’ meaning and their relationship üResearchers are not independent from those researched üNon-probability sampling üDerive meaning from words (spoken and textual) and images üResearch process üMethods technique is naturalistic and interactive used to collect data are unstructured or semi-structured üCollection of non-standardized categories data requiring classification into üThe use of conceptualization Source: Saunders et al (2019) 2.1 Characteristics -Non-numerical data derived from words (verbal and textual data), images (visual data) Verbal data: Speeches (record, audio, audio-video) -> transcribed into texts Textual data: Notes (interview, observations, documents) Visual: Drawing, digital image and video -Obtained in natural setting -Highly contextualized data 2.2 Collection of qualitative data Non-probability sampling (Non-random sampling) ØQuota sampling: your sample will represent the target population as the variability in your sample for various quota variables is the same as that in the target population ØPurposive sampling: use your judgement to select cases that will be enable you to answer your research question(s) and to meet your objectives ØVolunteer sampling: participants rather than being chosen volunteer to be part of the research ØHaphazard sampling: sample cases are selected without any obvious principles of organization in relation to your research question (convenience sampling) Source: Saunders et al (2019) 2.2 Collection of qualitative data Data collection techniques ØObservation ØQualitative interviews -Unstructured (In-directive, in-depth), semi-structured interviews -Group interviews 2.2 Collection of qualitative data Preparing for qualitative interview üLevel of knowledge of interviewers üThe appropriateness of intended location üDeveloping interview themes and preparing questions (discussion guidelines) based on research questions, previous literature 2.2 Collection of qualitative data Conducting qualitative interview ØAppropriateness of your appearance ØNature of your comments to open the interviews ØApproach to questioning ØAppropriate use of different ØNature and types of questions impacts of your behaviors during the interviews ØDemonstration of attentive listening ØScope to summarize and ØDealing skills test understanding with difficult participants ØApproach to recording Source: Saunders et al (2019), p453 data 10 2.3 Preparing qualitative data for analysis ØTranscribe qualitative data ØCleaning data Some tools to record contextual information ØInterim or progress summary ØTranscript summaries ØDocument summaries ØSelf-memos ØResearch notebook ØReflective diary 11 2.4 Analyzing qualitative data ØFamiliarize with data ØCoding ØDraw and grouping data conclusion 12 Bài kiểm tra trình 13 § Byrne, D (2021) A worked example of Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis Quality & Quantity https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01182-y § Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A (2019) Research methods for business students Pearson education 14