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THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
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0123738571
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Table of contents
PREFACE
CONTRIBUTORS
Section I: HISTORY AND DEFINITIONS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING
Chapter 1: ON THE PURPOSE, MEANING, AND USAGE OF THE PHYSICAL ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING CONCEPT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 ON THE DEFINITION
1.3 ON PROCESS UBIQUITY
1.4 ON EFFECT MAGNITUDE AND SIGNIFICANCE
1.5 ON USAGE
1.6 ON BREADTH AND UTILITY
1.7 ON THE UNDERLYING PERSPECTIVE
1.8 A CONCLUDING REMARK ON CONCEPT AND THEORY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 2: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 SOIL AND SEDIMENT PROCESSES
2.3 SUCCESSION
2.4 MICROCLIMATE MODIFICATION, FACILITATION, AND INHIBITION
2.5 HABITAT CREATION
2.6 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 3: A NEW SPIRIT AND CONCEPT FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING?
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 A SHORT HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
3.3 A CONNECTION WITH KEYSTONE SPECIES?
3.4 A UNIQUE FEATURE FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING?
3.5 A SELECTIVE ARGUMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING?
3.6 DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 4: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING: UTILITY, CONTENTION, AND PROGRESS
REFERENCES
Section II: EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS
Chapter 5: EARTHWORMS AS KEY ACTORS IN SELF-ORGANIZED SOIL SYSTEMS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 ADAPTATION OF EARTHWORMS AND OTHER ORGANISMS TO SOIL CONSTRAINTS: THE POWER OF MUTUALISM
5.3 THE DRILOSPHERE AS A SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM
5.4 HARNESSING THE DRILOSPHERE TO RESTORE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS IN DEGRADED SOILS
5.5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 6: MICROHABITAT MANIPULATION: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING BY SHELTER-BUILDING INSECTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 SHELTERS AND SHELTER-BUILDERS
6.3 LEAF SHELTERS AS HABITATS FOR ARTHROPODS
6.4 ENGINEERING EFFECTS ON ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES
6.5 PROSPECTUS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7: CARPOBROTUS AS A CASE STUDY OF THE COMPLEXITIES OF SPECIES IMPACTS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 CARPOBROTUS AS AN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER
7.3 DISCUSSION
7.4 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 8: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE FOSSIL RECORD: EARLY EXAMPLES FROM THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 PALEOCOMMUNITY RECONSTRUCTION
8.3 IDENTIFYING ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD
8.4 SETTING THE STAGE: THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD
8.5 EARLY METAZOAN ALLOGENIC ENGINEERS
8.6 EARLY METAZOAN AUTOGENIC ENGINEERS
8.7 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 9: HABITAT CONVERSION ASSOCIATED WITH BIOERODING MARINE ISOPODS
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 SPHAEROMA QUOIANUM
9.3 SPHAEROMA TEREBRANS
9.4 LIMNORIA SPP.
9.5 LESSONS AND IMPLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 10: SYNTHESIS: LESSONS FROM DISPARATE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS
REFERENCES
Section III: THEORIES AND MODELS
Chapter 11: COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: RESULTS OF LOTKA–VOLTERRA COMMUNITY THEORY
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 LOTKA–VOLTERRA COMMUNITY MODEL
11.3 DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12: MODEL STUDIES OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN PLANT COMMUNITIES
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PLANT COMMUNITIES IN DRYLANDS
12.3 ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING IN THE MODEL
12.4 APPLYING THE MODEL TO WOODY-HERBACEOUS SYSTEMS
12.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 13: BALANCING THE ENGINEER–ENVIRONMENT EQUATION: THE CURRENT LEGACY
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 POPULATION MODELS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: THE SIMPLEST CASES
13.3 POPULATION MODELS: SPATIALLY EXPLICIT AND MECHANISTICALLY DETAILED CASES
13.4 POPULATION MODELS: CASES WITH AN EVOLUTIONARY FOCUS
13.5 COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM MODELS
13.6 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 14: SYNTHESIS OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING THEORY
REFERENCES
Section IV: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
Chapter 15: RESTORING OYSTER REEFS TO RECOVER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
15.1 INTRODUCTION
15.2 EVALUATING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY OYSTER REEFS
15.3 CHALLENGES AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 16: MANAGING INVASIVE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: THE CASE OF SPARTINA IN PACIFIC ESTUARIES
16.1 INVASIVE ENGINEERS CAUSE UNIQUE PROBLEMS
16.2 SPARTINA INVASION IN WILLAPA BAY
16.3 DIFFICULTIES PREDICTING SPREAD
16.4 INVASION IMPACT MECHANISMS
16.5 CHOICE OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
16.6 ALTERNATIVE RESTORATION TRAJECTORIES
16.7 COLLATERAL IMPACTS OF CONTROL
16.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 17: LIVESTOCK AND ENGINEERING NETWORK IN THE ISRAELI NEGEV: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
17.1 ENGINEERING NETWORKS
17.2 LIVESTOCK AND ENGINEERING NETWORK
17.3 NEGEV DESERT MANAGEMENT: EXPLOITATION AND MODULATION
17.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
Chapter 18: ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS AND THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT ON CALIFORNIA’S CHANNEL ISLANDS
18.1 INTRODUCTION
18.2 OVERVIEW OF CALIFORNIA’S CHANNEL ISLANDS
18.3 FERAL SHEEP AND PIGS ON SANTA CRUZ ISLAND
18.4 POST-ERADICATION FLORA AND FAUNA DYNAMICS
18.5 NON-NATIVE SPECIES AS ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS AND ECOSYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE INVADERS
18.6 COMPLEXITY, UNCERTAINTY, AND THEIR ROLE IN SHAPING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
18.7 CONCLUSION: HOW DOES THE ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER CONCEPT FIT INTO ONGOING AND FUTURE NON-NATIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ON THE CHANNEL ISLANDS?
REFERENCES
Chapter 19: THE DIVERSE FACES OF ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS
19.1 PLANNED ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS
19.2 ASSOCIATED ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS
19.3 THE INTERACTION OF HUMAN ENGINEERS WITH ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERS: THE CASE OF PESTICIDES
19.4 DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 20: MANAGEMENT AND ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
20.1 INTRODUCTION
20.2 EFFECTS AND IMPACTS OF SINGLE ENGINEERING SPECIES
20.3 EFFECTS AND IMPACTS OF ENGINEERS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOSYSTEMS
20.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
INDEX
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Nội dung
[...]... therefore ecosystem engineers? If so, isn’t the concept too broad to be useful? Don’t engineers always have large or large-scale impacts? Shouldn’t engineers be limited to species with large effects? Aren’t engineers and keystone species the same? Isn’t engineering equivalent to facilitation or positive influence? Isn’t the approach overly reductionist? Why do we need the concept? How can we use it? Ecosystem. .. examples of ecosystemengineers A major aim of this section is to provide tangible, highly varied examples to apply to conceptual and theoretical developments in other sections Chapters in Section 3 develop the mathematical theory of ecosystemengineers and review the very brief ecosystem engineer theoretical literature Finally, the authors of Section 4 address applied Preface examples where ecosystem engineers. .. important to the success or failure of resource management, restoration, or conservation Each section has a concluding chapter that brings together the contributions in that section into a more unified framework We hope that the biggest contributions of our book are to stimulate discussion of ecosystem engineering, and perhaps spur further development of viable tools to aid its study, particularly to practical... OF ECOSYSTEMENGINEERS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 367 John Vandermeer and Ivette Perfecto 19.1 19.2 19.3 Planned EcosystemEngineers 370 Associated EcosystemEngineers 372 The Interaction of Human Engineers with Ecological Engineers: The Case of Pesticides 19.4 Discussion 380 References 381 378 Contents 20•MANAGEMENT AND ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE CHALLENGES 387 Alan Hastings 20.1 Introduction... habitat provisioning by the coral is the attribute managers clearly seek to protect or restore The number of artificial reef restoration programs seeking to introduce objects that replicate the coral’s structure is testament to this We have organized the book into four sections The first lays out the historical origins and broad concepts of ecosystem engineering Additionally, it presents some of the contrasting... Non-Native Species as EcosystemEngineers and Ecosystems with Multiple Invaders 353 18.6 Complexity, Uncertainty, and Their Role in Shaping Management Decisions 356 18.7 Conclusion: How Does the Ecosystem Engineer Concept Fit into Ongoing and Future Non-Native Species Management Programs on the Channel Islands? 359 References 361 19•THE DIVERSE FACES OF ECOSYSTEMENGINEERS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 367 John... construed as saying the equivalent of the following: All engineers have large effects; or engineers ought to be restricted to those that have large effects; or keystone species and engineers are the same; or engineers have mostly positive or facilitative effects Based on the original papers that discussed these issues 1•Usage of the Physical Ecosystem Engineering Concept (Jones et al 1994, 1997a),... and significance, and how to use the concept ON ECOSYSTEM IN ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERING We will not go into the meaning of the word engineer It is certainly neither defined nor treated tautologically in the concept, and this issue has been adequately discussed (Power 1997a, 1997b; Jones et al 1997b; Wright and Jones 2006) However, we will make a brief comment on ecosystem in ecosystem engineer Some have... aggregated into larger structures (e.g., microbial biofilms, Battin et al 2003) to have large abiotic effects It seems reasonable to suppose that small allogenic engineers will either have to have large per capita effects (e.g., earthworms, Darwin 1890, Lavelle 1•Usage of the Physical Ecosystem Engineering Concept et al 1997) and/or be numerous (e.g., termites, Dangerfield et al 1998, Jouquet et al 2006) to cause... begin with contributions discussing the history of the ecosystem engineer concept, its definition, and its utility As with other terms in the ecological literature (e.g., keystone species), ecosystem engineering has been met with debate about its usefulness and precise definition In this section, authors attempt to bring clarity to this discussion by outlining the historical antecedents of the idea, discussing . h1" alt="" Ecosystem Engineers Plants to Protists A volume in the Academic Press THEORETICAL ECOLOGY SERIES Editor in Chief Alan Hastings, University of California, Davis, USA Editorial Board Anthony. Vandermeer and Ivette Perfecto 19.1 Planned Ecosystem Engineers 370 19.2 Associated Ecosystem Engineers 372 19.3 The Interaction of Human Engineers with Ecological Engineers: The Case of Pesticides. Multispecies Assemblages, Ecosystem Development and Environmental Change, 2005. Ecosystem Engineers Plants to Protists Kim Cuddington Ohio University James E. Byers University of New Hampshire William