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CLOZE TEST Exercise 1 The Great Gatsby is F Scott Fitzgerald''''s epic masterpiece about the death of the American Dream in the 1920s It is a tragic romance story that takes place during the summer of 19[.]
CLOZE TEST Exercise 1: The Great Gatsby is F Scott Fitzgerald's epic masterpiece about the death of the American Dream in the 1920s It is a tragic romance story that takes place during the summer of 1922 and is 1) _ on Long Island in New York City The book begins when the novel’s hero, Nick Carraway, moves from Minnesota to his new home on Long Island Sound His house is on a fictionalised island called West Egg, which is situated in between decadent beachside homes, and 2) _ the bay from East Egg, an even classier and richer area When Carraway meets the man who is the namesake of the book, Jay Gatsby, he is dazzled by the 3) _ of his lifestyle, completely awash with awe and envy Nick soon finds out that even a man so popular as Gatsby cannot break the 4) _ ceiling when it comes to certain social barriers, because of his own questionable past and lineage Fitzgerald wrote this book about the 5) _ known later as the Jazz Age, which was a time of glitter and decadence A few of the more prominent themes throughout the book are that of social class, war, and of course, the unending 6) _ for the American Dream Social or moral values, or the lack of them, also play a huge part in the fabric of the book’s 7) _ Many times Fitzgerald provides example of the decaying moral values of the characters, and how this affects their lives and the lives of those around them Many themes are dealt with in this book, which are still 8) _ to the world today This is one of the reasons why the book is considered to be one of the most important and influential 9) _ of classic literature of our time It is a book that is certain to engross readers and give them 10) _ for thought set across glamour glass period search plot applicable pieces 10 food Exercise 2: We are by 1) _ social animals The social bonds we establish play a vital role in defining us and 2) _ the way we develop as individuals They contribute to our emotional growth and help 3) _ that emotional void which we experience when we are deprived of the company of other individuals like ourselves 4) _ in social interaction is not only a practical necessity but a basic part of being human For instance, contact and experimentation with our social environment is what 5) _ the learning process Aspects of our human nature that are attributed primarily to social factors are 6) _ of behaviour and the development of emotional intelligence The latter helps us identify, assess and handle our emotions It is thus 7) _ makes essentially human and distinguishes us from other living beings When nurtured, it awakens social awareness, which is the feeling that one is not alone but 8) _ of a whole, and it strengthens feelings of solidarity amongst us This acts as an emotional 9) _ by making us feel that no matter what may happen, we are in this together, our common goal being 10) _ of survival nature determining fill Engaging initiates codes what part crutch 10 that Exercise 3: We live in an 1) dominated by an increasing dependence on technological innovations It is for this reason that younger generations find it virtually impossible to imagine a 2) _ without the convenience and comfort they provide us with Small wonder 3) _ that when asked to forecast what life will be like in the future, they come up with something that sounds as if it’s been 4) _ out of a science-fiction book But this description is actually not the product of an unbridled 5) _ Based on the present speed at which breakthroughs are being made, it’s actually a fairly accurate prediction It looks as if technology will have the 6) _ hand, and in all likelihood, fully automated systems will substitute for people in all areas People will take the back 7) _ and instead of beavering 8) _ at work we will be able to take advantage of the time made available to us to engage in more recreational activities Utilising this time constructively will be a feat in 9) _ Perhaps a care of too much of a good thing Things might just come to the point where, from time to time, we will 10) _ about the good old days era future then taken imagination upper seat away itself 10 reminisce Exercise 4: Mankind’s unquenchable 1) for knowledge, our intrepid spirit and our unbridled imagination have helped us excel in leaps and bounds They have been the 2) force behind many innovative discoveries and inventions Our success has undoubtedly empowered us and this has made us bold enough to set our 3) on the ultimate goal, that of eternal youth and perhaps, even eternal life But how we intend to transcend the theoretical limits placed upon us by the natural 4) of things? Well, we hope to harness the inherent 5) of stem cells You see, stem cells are not just ordinary cells They are the cells that have the capacity to develop into different cell types, and are capable of repairing as well as replenishing other cells 6) as long as the person or animal is alive This 7) feat, if achieved, will have a profound impact on mankind as a range of practical applications will be made available to us We will be in a 8) not only to away with our body’s normal wear and tear, which may be likened to its natural tendency to self-destruct, but also to combat diseases that are, to date, our arch enemies Keep in mind that stem cell research is still in its infancy and a daunting 9) lies ahead in our quest for enlightenment, for which we must exercise both prudence and patience Of paramount importance in this quest is the application of moral restraints, which must act as a beacon in the 10) thirst driving sights order potential for scientific position task 10 dark Exericse 5: A worrying question which requires global attention is severe overpopulation and its drastic 1) in the countries of the Third World In regions where the birth rate is extremely high, poverty and starvation are rife In India, there is an 2) of thirty five infants being born every minute, yet the most shocking 3) are those which indicate the enormous number of the victims of famine in certain African territories Communities afflicted with acute destitution are additionally 4) with illiteracy, life in appalling conditions and infectious diseases decimating the indigenous populations There is an 5) need for these problems to be solved Unless measures are taken to ease the 6) of the impoverished underdeveloped nations, desperate crowds of immigrants will 7) in flooding the richer states in 8) of a brighter future It's the most challenging 9) for the international giants nowadays to help the poor populations get out of the 10) snare effects average figures confronted urgent suffering persist search task 10 poverty Exercise 6: Stressful situations that emerge almost every day in life seem to be unavoidable However, we can little sometimes to avoid a misfortune or unpleasant occurrence which may befall us 1) as only it can At such a moment, one may hit the roof, give in to the helplessness of the situation or, ideally, put a brave face on it trying to 2) the burden Can you envision in your 3) an hour spent in a traffic jam, say, this morning? Do you light one cigarette after another? Do you sound the horn every few seconds like the other neurotics? Or you take a different 4) and withstand the stressful moment; you can also a crossword puzzle, listen to your favourite music or even compose a menu for your Saturday dinner? In fact, whatever 5) you respond to the annoying situation, you can exert no impact on it as the traffic jam will only reduce in due course Nevertheless, your reaction might considerably influence your 6) for the rest of the day The inability to confront a stressful occurrence like that with a deal of composure and sensibility adds much more strain to your life and in this way puts your well-being in 7) Surprisingly, it's the seemingly negligible hardships we stumble on daily that run double the risk of developing serious health disorders rather than our isolated tragedies however 8) they may be 9) that so many of those wretched stress-inducing troubles affect us in a day, we should, at 10) , try to avoid them or possibly make radical alterations in the way we lead our daily lifestyles unexpectedly bear mind stance way mood jeopardy painful Given 10 best Exercise 7: Sad as it is, a social misperception of the disabled is still 1) in many communities It is only in a few highly-civilised states where the problems and needs of people with physical or mental incapacities are given the proper 2) In the remaining countries, the discrimination against the disabled is still practised in many areas of social life As in the past, they are ignored, denounced and forced to stay away from the normal community which, unfortunately, isn’t capable of making any 3) for its less fit members For decades, the hale and hearty 4) of every society has stripped the disabled of their fundamental rights as their job applications have been turned down, their active participation in business life has on most 5) been disallowed and there has been little concern for their convenience in access to public transport Equally little effort has been made to help the disabled fully 6) with the able-bodied thus laying foundations for greater community awareness of the drawbacks that the handicapped have to wrestle 7) daily There’s an urgent need to offer the disabled more adequate assistance and support in their struggle for putting their basic rights into 8) The key principle is that the stereotyped approach towards the impaired individuals ought to be 9) for a more considerate one Another pressing matter is that the disabled shouldn’t be appraised on the basis of their handicap, but society should rather focus on providing them with complete acceptance 10) of any imperfections thus treating them as fully-fledged citizens prevalent consideration provisions part occasions integrate with operation exchanged 10 irrespective Exercise 8: Peoples’ personalities 1) considerably from one another as there are no two alike Our ingrained characteristics which 2) the patterns of our behaviour, our reactions and temperaments are unparalleled on 3) of the diversified processes that mould our personality in the earliest stages of human development Some traits of character may to some extent be 4) simulating the attributes that identify our parents Others may stem from the conditions 5) during pregnancy and infancy in this way reflecting the parents’ approach towards rearing their offspring Consequently, the environmental 6) plays a crucial role in strengthening or eliminating certain behavioural systems making an individual more 7) to comfort to the patterns that deserve a prize Undoubtedly, human personality 8) the most profound and irreversible formation during the first period of its development, 9) , certain characteristics may still be 10) to considerable changes conditioned by different circumstances and situations vary determine account hereditary experienced factor prone undergoes yet 10 subject Exercise 9: For many people doing physical exercise may entail a 1) torturing of the body Unless we are forced to go in for a physical training, we are inclined to treat it as something of a lower 2) than staying in front of the TV set, spending time in a pub sipping alcoholic beverages or consuming excessive quantities of fattening confectionery in a cafe What usually repels individuals from committing 3) to strenuous exercise is the fear of fatigue, discomfort or even the inhibitions of being 4) by true fitness zealots However, getting fit is fully a 5) of common sense Different forms of exercise may be of great benefit to the human body, increasing its strength, flexibility and endurance When supported by a nutritious 6) , much better performance of the heart and the lungs improves the blood circulation making an individual more 7) to stressful situations as well as more 8) to infections and diseases In the first place, self-discipline that is requisite for proceeding with 9) physical effort ought to be attained to ensure that the intention of becoming healthier and more vigorous isn’t 10) by any trivial impediments painful priority themselves outdone matter diet resistant immune such 10 suppressed Exercise 10 The elementary means of communicating with other people is 1) messages by voice This fact is widely acknowledged and we recognize the voice as a feature characterizing the 2) of a person The array of voices is immeasurable as no two are exactly similar They can be nasal, resonant or shrill produced in accordance with the individual physical 3) _ of the throat One possible implementation of the art of voice recognition is voice profiling used by police analysts as a method of substantiating court 4) in trials Every year thousands of audiotapes with recorded interviews or casual utterances are 5) to the purpose to help identify the probable culprit Specialists dealing with the voice investigation claim that people can 6) themselves away by their accents, infections or other voice attributes like pitch, intensity and loudness A recorded sample is usually converted into electric impulses and later transformed into a pictorial recording which is 7) by a computer program Very frequently voice analysts have a stab at deciphering the relevant information which may be 8) with background noise or other interfering sounds until they attain the desired results Thankfully, these efforts help the police 9) individuals who threaten their victim by phone or inform about bomb planting or those who make offensive calls 10) the peace of decent citizens conveying identity properties evidence put give processed mingled detect 10 disturbing Exercise 11: Dreams are a sequence of ideas, emotions, sensations and images, which arise during certain stages of sleep The purpose of dreams as part of the biological 1) is not yet fully understood Dreams are known to be connected to the 2) mind and the stage of sleep at which they occur is 3) by rapid-eye-movement (REM), when an observer might see a sleeper’s eyelids ‘fluttering’ Although our dreams may last for up to half an hour, we can rarely 4) them clearly and usually, within moments of waking, find it difficult to bring them to mind at all The significance of dreams can be 5) in many different ways Freud, renowned as the father of psychoanalysis, believed that dreams are manifestations of our most profound desires and anxieties He claimed to be able to 6) an individual’s subconscious through dreams and demonstrated a connection between dreams and repressed childhood 7) The ancient Egyptians noted their dreams on papyrus as people who experienced vivid dreams were considered to have a kind of 8) sense They believed that dreams 9) oracles, bringing messages from the gods; thus they would attempt to deliberately evoke dreams, going to sanctuaries to sleep on special dream beds This is not something which modern scientists would hold with, but perhaps we should keep an 10) mind! cycle unconscious characterized recall interpreted access memories sixth resembled 10 open Exercise 12: Today, there is much talk about ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is not a learning 1) , however it can cause difficulties in an academic setting Usually, this disorder is noticed in children around the age of six and in order for a proper 2) to be made, they need to be observed for around six months What are the 3) ? First and foremost, children who suffer from disorder are often unable to 4) information easily or to focus on a task for any 5) of time Therefore they have difficulties in completing it They have a very 6) attention span and as a result, they get bored easily Their 7) is also affected and in a classroom setting, the student may be 8) and unable to sit down and take in information Students are also 9) and unable to wait; they often things impulsively Unfortunately, the 10) of ADHD is still unknown, but as it is becoming more and more common in students today, constant research is being carried out 1 disability diagnosis symptoms process length short behaviour hyperactive impatient 10 cause Exercise 13: June 8th is World Oceans Day – an idea instituted by the United Nations to celebrate and protect our natural heritage Just as our own central nervous 1) controls every part of our body, so the oceans control every part of our planet They regulate climate, weather and ecosystems Unfortunately, human activities have led to pollution and the destruction of marine habitats Another result of human 2) in the natural environment is climate change with its accompanying extreme weather 3) A rise in greenhouse gas emissions has led to an increase in global temperatures and as a consequence sea levels have risen Plastic pollution is also a big issue In 2016, as 4) of World Oceans Day, thousands of people took part in ‘the better bag challenge’ and promised to use reusable bags instead of plastic ones 80 per cent of plastic rubbish 5) on land ends up in the sea, usually washed there via 6) – where rivers empty into the sea You may have seen such debris washed up onto your local beach at low 7) Most plastic bags are made of polyethene – a 8) compound which is not biodegradable Plastic bags break down into tiny visible 9) , which are ingested by fish and marine mammals ‘The better bag challenge’ aims to halt this devastating process and give new 10) to our oceans system intervention conditions part produced estuaries tide chemical particles 10 life Exercisse 14 We are familiar (0) with the saying “a picture paints a thousand words” and in the global village the world has become, information in pictorial form is (1) _we turn Much communication takes place through symbols rather than words, a case in point (2) airports, where you can see the majority of the thirty-four symbols devised (3) the American Institute of Graphic Arts in the 1970s Such signs as a knife and fork for a restaurant or a telephone for a phone booth are a boon for (4) _ a traveller who does not speak English or use the Latin alphabet (5) _ worldwide "languages" of this kind are musical and mathematical notation, circuit diagrams, road signs and computer icons, (6) , again, bypass the need for words Even a label on a garment will carry, in symbols, washing and ironing instructions All these (7) to be sufficient to their (8) restricted worlds but would it really be possible to devise a universal symbolic system of communication independent of any spoken language, culture-free and value-free, as dreamt of by the seventeenth-century philosopher Leibniz? It would seem (9) Chinese and Japanese pictograms and ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics are sometimes cited as examples of such a system, yet both Japanese script and Egyptian hieroglyphics include sound-based elements and Chinese is often transliterated (10) romanised sound-based "pinyin" script In a word, words are inescapable everywhere which being seem by own many not Other 10 Into Exericse 15 A few decades ago, entry to university meant studying a strictly academic subject -a science, or perhaps literature, a foreign language or the classics These days, (1) education establishments offer every conceivable subject from Chinese medicine to crime scene science In Britain, this trend coincided with a dramatic increase in the (2) of universities and more relaxed entry requirements, (3) more students to experience tertiary education Many feared these measures would result in a (4) down of degree-level courses and the press seized every opportunity to ridicule such courses The creation in 1999 of a bachelor’s degree in surfing studies was taken as the ultimate proof that universities were prepared to give (5) _ in anything in an attempt to attract young people, thereby (6) _Britain’s academic reputation In reality, the course, run by Plymouth University in South-West England, is highly scientific, and the curriculum is (7) _ including oceanography, meteorology, materials technology and business management Students on this course and other seemingly more practical courses have (8) performed better in tests than those doing straight science degrees Far from having an adverse effect on higher education, these new disciplines (9) _ students and aid learning by offering the opportunity to (10) _theoretical knowledge directly Many of today’s graduates have a broad base of knowledge and are well placed to enter the job market higher number allowing dumbing degrees ruining demanding actually motivate 10 apply Exercise 16 The prehistoric of today's crocodiles go back over 240 million years They lived through the break-up of the continents, they were 1) when the dinosaurs disappeared, and they witnessed the evolution of mammals and birds Their distinctive 2) , such as long jaws, protective armour, streamlined body and long tail have hardly changed for millions of years, which indicates that they are perfectly adapted to their 3) Crocodiles sometimes hunt in an active way, but they are better known for ambush hunting, also called the “sit and wait” 4) Once a crocodile detects the 5) of prey, on the bank of the river, for example, it will sleep silently under the water and swim until it is very close to its target Its head then emerges and it lunges with jaws wide 6) The jaws then slam shut Small creatures are usually crushed and swallowed straight down; larger prey is 7) tight until it stops moving If the crocodile has caught a very large animal, it will roll to throw the prey off 8) , then drag it into deeper water and hold it there until it drowns Crocodiles help to keep the balance both in freshwater and saltwater 9) but, unfortunately, seventeen of the twenty-three species that are 10) worldwide are now endangered there features environment approach presence open squeezed balance ecosystems 10 found Exercise 17 Quite often a plant or animal may resemble another to which it is not closely related The resemblance is often 1) to a feature that offers some form of advantage, such as protection from a predator In most 2) _ cases, one species, called the mimic, gain an advantage from its similarity to another, which may be 3) to as the model For example, the harmless milk snake has stripes of the same colour as the coral snake, which is extremely poisonous Accordingly, the mimic can avoid any predators that are 4) of coral snakes Though colours are often used as visual warning systems, some species use a supplementary ploy to 5) the message For example, skunks, which are quite clearly 6) due to their prominent black and white markings, use a highly stylized display dance as a backup system Their dance draws the attention of 7) attackers to this pattern 8) of which ingenious defence mechanism a species might use, it must be remembered that there is no such thing as complete protection A case in 9) is the genius Amanita These mushrooms are exceedingly poisonous, yet they can be consumed by rabbits without ill 10) linked such referred wary reinforce recognizable potential Regardless point 10 effects Exercise 18 There are techniques that exist which can improve memory, the most popular of which must be mnemonics, or ways to 1) information into a form that aids retention in the brain Those who have difficulty memorising facts, for example can 2) the information by using a memorable phrase A famous example is “Richard of York gave battle in vain”, 3) each word replaces a colour of the rainbow starting with the same colour Mnemonics 4) because our brains find it easier to retain information that is surprising, personal or humorous, than that 5) is abstract and impersonal Association also plays an important part in helping us recall information This technique involves creating something memorable to 6) the information you want For instance, by 7) a picture or word in your language to a word in the foreign language that you are trying to learn, the visual or verbal 8) can help you remember the word Recollection of facts is obviously easier if you know your particular learning style so that you can 9) your clues As anyone who has had to create a password knows, easily-remembered information is information that is personally meaningful The best passwords are those that have a 10) significance for their users, but whose meaning would baffle anyone else There are lots of tricks to try; the most important thing is to remember to use them convert retrieve where work which trigger linking clue personalise 10 unique Exercise 19 We’ve all been there and come back with a T-shirt bearing a slogan about it – The Failed Holiday The kids are bored 1) , you can’t find a decent restaurant for love or 2) , the cafes are all full and you are fed up Tempers 3) and you are left wondering why you went away in the first place – hardly a good way to spend precious holiday time But there is a way of escaping the stresses of being away from home Staying in an all-inclusive hotel 4) you don’t have to plan meals, activities or night life, as everything is catered for, leaving you to 5) back, relax and enjoy your holiday Most importantly, all-inclusive holidays 6) at all-inclusive prices, so you pay for everything before you go away And don’t think you’ll be 7) to one or two resorts These days, holiday companies offer allinclusive deals in every main resort around the Mediterranean, as well as more exotic locations such as the Caribbean or the Maldives If you think this is the sort of holiday you are after, there are a few things to keep in 8) Firstly, remember that you’ll be spending most of your time in the hotel, so make sure you choose one which has the facilities you require If you’ re travelling as a family 9) , many hotels offer excellent children’s facilities such as kid’s clubs, playgrounds and crèches For older children, there are a number of hotels offering supervised activities for teens while others offer 10) sport facilities including team games, water sports and gym facilities stiff money fray means sit come limited mind unit 10 comprehensive Exercise 20 Imagine you are walking to school listening to music on your MP3 player All of a sudden, it stops working and you _ that the batteries have run out Wouldn’t it be wonderful if you could simply the batteries wherever you are? This might be possible in a few years’ 3. _as scientists are now working on a bag that make electricity They say that all someone needs to is put the bag their back and start walking The 4. of the body makes electricity in a special part of the bag This new 5. _ sounds like a brilliant idea, doesn’t it? Scientists developed the “electric backpack” in order to help soldiers, who often carry around with them torches, radios and other equipment All these things _ on batteries and at the moment, the soldiers 7. _ on these batteries to _ the power this equipment needs With the “electric backpack”, the soldiers won’t need to 9. extra batteries around with them Rescue workers and mountain climbers will also find the bag 10. _, as will students who don’t want their MP3 players to run out by chance on their way to school realize recharge time movement invention draw rely supply carry 10 useful Exercise 21 The human memory is an extremely 1. _ processing system that is not easily explained to lay persons However, there are some simple 2. _ that can give anyone an idea of just how fascinating memory is First of all, most people have heard of long-term and short-term memory The former has the potential to last as long as the person lives and there is no known 3. _ to its capacity The latter, however, only really lasts for a few seconds Long-term memory is divided into explicit and implicit memory An implicit memory would be 4. _ like knowing how to drive a car or bake a cake or any other thing we have learned to through 5. _ Explicit memory is also subdivided into episodic and semantic memory Episodic is all the different events or episodes of your life such as your first day at school or any other life experience Semantic memory is about 6. _ not related to experience such as knowing that Einstein wrote the theory of relativity We don't all remember events in the same way and memory is not a true 7. _ of events How we remember something can be affected by such things as egocentric bias, 8. _ we remember in a way that makes us look better or gives us the starring 9. _ in an event Also there are many things that can go wrong with memory in the encoding, storage or retrieval 10. _ of memory complex concepts limit something practice facts record whereby role 10 aspects Exercise 22: Is cooking becoming a lost art? On the 1. _ of it, the question may seem slightly ridiculous 2. _ all, food and cookery programmes have, in recent years, become one of most popular broadcasts on television Celebrity chef cookbooks regularly top best-seller lists, and the 3. _ division of cookery seems to be disappearing - nowadays, it’s not at all, unusual to find men in the kitchen cooking 4. _ a storm Yet, is it all as it really seems? Apparently not According to food industry analysts, while seeking out good food has become the 5. _, preparing and cooking it certainly hasn't The home-cooked meal is fast becoming a lost art Today, many people view the daily preparation of meals as an impossible aspiration Ready meals and other heavily processed products have become the order of the 6. _ Both young and old cite lack of time as the primary reason for opting for prepackaged convenience foods The trend for ready meals began in the 1990's Today Americans spend on 7. _ 50 cents out of every food dollar on ready-prepared, ready-to-eat foods A recent survey on the eating habits of Americans revealed that, in 1984, Americans made 72% of their dinners from scratch but by 2008 that figure had dropped to just 57% Americans don't eat out as often as they used to, but eating more at home has not 8. _ preparing more meals from scratch The trend is mirrored in the UK Like Americans, Britons are finding someone else to the cooking - their supermarket Aisle after aisle of British supermarket shelves are now 9. _ to ready meals It's high time we took back the kitchen It’s time to 10. _ free from the shackles of ready-made, industrial food It’s time to cook face After gender up norm day average meant devoted 10 break Exercise 23: Human rights, that set of privileges that we all possess by 1. _ of being born, is a far more recent term than one might think The idea of inalienable rights originated in antiquity, but it 2. _ the horrors of the Second World War to get the idea enshrined in an internationallyaccepted document, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 The document itself is 3. _ of thirty articles that cover, amongst other things, the right to life, liberty and security of person, the freedom of speech, and the freedom of slavery, arbitrary arrest, detention of torture To ensure its universality, one of the first 4. _ of the declaration is that these rights are extra-territorial, that is, they take 5. _ over the laws of any individual country Founded in 1978, Human Rights Watch is an organisation 6. _ to highlighting human rights abuses Originally called Helsinki Watch, it changed its name in 1988 to 7. _ its changing role on the world stage Using investigative teams that provide annual reports on individual countries, Human Rights Watch uses its media profile to put countries that 8. _ the declaration under the harsh spotlight of global 9. _ Human Rights Watch may be a 10. _ in the side of abusive nations around the world, but it has plenty of grassroots supports and even some high-flying devotees George Soros, the renowned investor and philanthropist, pledged $100 million to Human Rights Watch – its biggest ever private contribution – declaring, “Human Rights Watch is one of the most effective organisations I support Human rights underpin our greatest aspirations; they are at the 11. _ of open societies.” virtue took comprised principles precedence dedicated reflect violate attention 10 thorn 11 heart Exercise 24 It is difficult to comprehend the sheer scale and reach of the illegal worldwide trade in wild animals It affects every country on the planet and involves the cross-border movement of millions of animals annually, the majority of which die in 1. _ In Brazil 2. _, some 38 million animals are stolen from rainforests each year, 90% dying in the process of being caught or during transportation Next to the illegal drug trade and possibly human trafficking and arms trafficking, the illegal trade in wildlife is the most 3. _ illicit market in the world It is worth an 4. _ US $10-20 billion annually Sadly, the consequences of the illegal trade in exotic animals 5. _ far beyond the tragic depletion or outright extinction of given species When a species disappears from its habitat, the entire food chain can be thrown off balance leading to population booms and 6. _ among other species Moreover, for people living in close 7. _ to these exotic animals, loss of biodiversity increases the downward pressure on their already impoverished condition Organised crime is also strengthened by the profits from the illegal wildlife trade Indeed, 8. _ are now being detected between wildlife crime, drug trafficking and human trafficking But perhaps the most potentially serious and far-reaching consequence of the wildlife trade is the spread of infectious diseases Today, most emerging diseases are zoonotic, i.e they are transferred from animals to humans Unfortunately, wildlife trade provides excellent opportunities for disease 9. _ New diseases threaten not only humans but livestock, international trade, rural livelihoods, native wildlife populations and the health of entire ecosystems The threat is very real and brings with it a complex net of problems that we 10. _ a planet are under-prepared for transit alone ... _ of survival nature determining fill Engaging initiates codes what part crutch 10 that Exercise 3: We live in an 1) dominated by an increasing dependence on technological innovations It... the back 7) _ and instead of beavering 8) _ at work we will be able to take advantage of the time made available to us to engage in more recreational activities Utilising this time constructively... the first period of its development, 9) , certain characteristics may still be 10) to considerable changes conditioned by different circumstances and situations vary determine account hereditary