ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP GIỮA KÌ KHỐI 12 ( UNIT 1 –UNIT 3) PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT A GRAMMAR REVIEW UNIT 1 I A/AN/THE • A/an/the là những từ hết sức quen thuộc trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là mạo từ Có 2 loại mạo từ[.]
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP GIỮA KÌ KHỐI 12 ( UNIT –UNIT 3) PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT A.GRAMMAR REVIEW UNIT I A/AN/THE • A/an/the từ quen thuộc tiếng Anh, chúng gọi mạo từ Có loại mạo từ: mạo từ khơng xác định mạo từ xác định Cách dùng mạo từ khơng xác định “a” “an” • Dùng “a” “an” trước danh từ số đếm Chúng có nghĩa Chúng dùng câu có tính khái quát đề cập đến chủ thể chưa đề cập từ trước Ex: - A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, tất bóng): Quả bóng hình trịn - He has seen a girl (chúng ta cô gái nào, chưa đề cập trước đó): Anh vừa gặp cô gái a Dùng "an” trước: - Quán từ "an" dùng trước từ bắt đầu nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, cách viết) Bao gồm: - Các từ bắt đầu nguyên âm “a, e, i, o” Ví dụ: an apple (một táo), an orange (một cam) - Một số từ bắt đầu “u”: Ví dụ: an umbrella (một ô) - Một số từ bắt đầu “h” câm: Ví dụ: an hour (một tiếng) - Các từ mở đầu chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P b Dùng "a" trước: - Dùng “a” trước từ bắt đầu phụ âm Chúng bao gồm chữ lại số trường hợp bắt đầu "u, y, h" Ex: A house (một nhà), a year (một năm), a uniform (một đồng phục) - Đứng trước danh từ mở đầu "uni " "eu" phải dùng "a": Ví dụ: a university (trường đại học), a union (tổ chức), a culogy (lời ca ngợi) - Dùng thành ngữ số lượng định như: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a dozen Ex: I want to buy a dozen eggs (Tôi muốn mua tả trứng.) - Dùng với đơn vị phân số : 1/3 ( a/ one third), 1/5 (a/ one fifth), 1/4 (a quarter) Ex: I get up at a quarter past six (Tôi thức dậy lúc 15 phút.) Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the” • Dùng “the” trước danh từ xác định cụ thể mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí đề cập đến trước đó, khái niệm phổ thông, biết Ex: - The man next to Lin is my friend (Trong câu người nói người nghe biết người đàn ông nào) Người đàn ông bên cạnh Lin bạn - The sun is big (Mặt trời có một) Mặt trời lớn • Với danh từ khơng đếm được, dùng “the” nói đến vật cụ thể, khơng dùng “the” nói chung Ex: - Chili is very hot (Chỉ loại ớt nói chung) Ớt cay - The chili on the table has been bought (Cụ thể ớt bàn) Ớt bàn vừa mua • Với danh từ đếm số nhiều, chúng có nghĩa đại diện chung cho lớp vật loại khơng dùng "the" Ex: Students should homework before going to school (Học sinh nói chung) Học sinh nên làm tập nhà trước đến trường II REVIEW THE SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINUOUS Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) a Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? b Với động từ khác: (+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O? Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tra hành động xảy chấm dứt hoàn toàn khứ Ex: - I saw a movie yesterday - Last year, I traveled to Japan • Diễn tà chuỗi hành động liên tiếp xảy khứ Ex: - I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim - Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? c Adverds (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) • Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past ), last * Cách phát âm động từ có “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, -ED đứng sau âm sau phát âm sau: Phát âm -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ /t/, /d/ /t/ /p/-p,pe /k/-k,ke /f/-f,ph,gh /ʃ/-sh /tʃ/-ch /s/ -s,x, /θ/ -th se,ce /d/ Các nguyên âm phụ âm lại (/b,d,g,v,r,m.l,n, y,w) ce, se /z/ Ex: /ɪd/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … /t/ walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed /d/ played, studied, changed, decreed, Note: • Khi *th phát âm /θ/ -ed phát âm /t/ breathed, • Khi *th phát âm /ð/ -ed có phát âm /d/ bathed, • Khi *gh phát âm /f/ thi -ed phát âm /t/ laughed, coughed, • Khi *gh âm câm thi -ed phát âm /d/ ploughed, • Nguyên âm + S + ED -ed thường phát âm /d/ praised, chased, raised Ngoại lệ: - Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm -ed /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/, - Phần ngoại lệ: Có chữ có -ed tận phát âm /əd/ Chữ hundred /'hʌndrəd/ Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) a Form (+) S + was/ were + V-ing +O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + V-ing + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + V-ing + O? b Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: I was sleeping at 12 o'clock last night • Diễn tả hành động xảy hành động khác xen vào hành động xảy dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ Ex: I was studying when he came in • Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời khứ (đi với while) Ex: Yesterday evening, my mother was cooking while my father was reading books c Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) At (specific time) From to last night yesterday, one year ago At this/ that time yesterday While/ When=As d Những động từ không chia tiếp diễn: Một số động từ cảm xúc (like, love ) hay (know, believe, want) không chia tiếp diễn (kể tiếp diễn hay khứ tiếp diễn) Verbs of thinking believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand Verbs of the senses hear, smell, sound, taste Verbs of possession belong to have (meaning possess), own, possess Verbs of emotion dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Verbs of appearance appear, seem Others contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh, require Ex: Jane was being at my house when you arrived Jane was at my house when you arrived B GRAMMAR REVIEW UNIT I CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH (Subjunctive) Câu giả định hay gọi câu cầu khiến loại câu mà đối tượng thứ muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm việc khơng mang tính ép buộc câu mệnh lệnh Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng ngun thể khơng có TO động từ sau số động từ mang tính cầu khiến THAT phải ln xuất dạng câu Subject + Verb (any tense) + that + subject + (should) +(not) verb/be P2 Những động từ danh từ thường theo sau Subjunctive là: advise (v) advice n command (v) command (n) demand (v) demand (n) suggest (v) suggestion (n) prefer (v) preference (n) recommend (v) recommendation n require (v) requirement (n) decree (v) decree (n) ask (v) order v order (n) insist (v) insistence (n) request v request (n) propose (v) proposal (n) urge v urgency n Ex: His parents insisted that he (should) find a job and settle down in a big city She demanded that I (should ) not tell her the truth The recommendation that all people affected by the storm (should) be evacuated immediately was approved Những tính từ thường theo sau Subjunctive là: advisable urgent imperative essential necessary obligatory vital fundamental important mandatory crucial desirable It + be (any tense) + adjective + that + subject + (should)(not) verb/be P2 Ex: It is necessary that everyone be here on time It is essential that pollution be controlled and eventually eliminated Lưu ý: Nếu bỏ THAT cơng thức thì: It be adj (for somebody) to Vinf • It is necessary that everyone be here on time → It is necessary for everyone to be here on time Dùng với số trường hợp khác • Câu giả định cịn dùng số câu cảm thán, thường bao hàm lực siêu nhiên Ex: God save the queen! (Chúa phù hộ cho nữ hoàng.) God be with you! = Good bye (Khi chia tay nhau.) Curse this frog! (Chết tiệt cóc này?) • Dùng với số thành ngữ: - Come what may: Dù có chuyện Ex: Come what may we will stand by you - If need be: Nếu cần Ex: If need be we can take another road • Dùng với “if this be” trường hợp muốn nêu giả định từ phía người nói khơng thật chắn khả Ex: If this be prevent right, you would be considered innocent Câu giả định dung với it is time It is time + (for smb) to sth:Đã đến lúc phải làm (thời gian khơng giả định) Ex: It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time) It is time/ high time/ about time + subject + simple past(Đã đến lúc ,giả định thời gian đến trễ chút) Ex: It’s high time I left for the airport = (It is a little bit late) C GRAMMAR REVIEW UNIT I CONNECTING WORDS (TỪ NỐI) + And, but, yet, so, or, not only but also + Moreover = Furthermore, What's more: + In addition: thêm vào + Besides: ngồi + However = Netherless: nhiên, + On the other hand: mặt khác + In contrast; trái lại = On the contrary: ngược lại +thus, hence, Therefore: / Accordingly: +As a result/ Consequently: kết ….……… PRACTICE PRONUNCIATION A crowd B disposal C growth D process A congestion B prestige C connect D harvest A fossil B assistance C biomass D issue A wood B soot C brook D booth A asthma B breath C athlete D pathway A combustion B consumption C bronchitis D custom A bought B sought C drought D fought A oaths B breathes C paths D truths A wicked B crooked C doubled D sacred 10 A white B whole C whose D whom 11 A pleasant B health C wealthy D breathe 12 A come B roll C comb D grow 13 A fear B realize C pear D near 14 A inventor B preference C adventure D genetics 15 A adopt B front C column D borrow A illegal B climatic C benefit D bioclimatic A researcher B energy C number D death A arrested B estimated C claimed D penetrated A revolution B election C interrogation D question A rehear B appear C realise D peace STRESS 1: A access B afford C brochure D casual 2: A behaviour B determined C counselor D decisive 3: A donate B compare C campaign D flashy 4: A experience B mobility C independent D Prioritize 5: A romantic B solution C protective D elegant 6: A legal B obey C forbid D impose 7: A constitution B disrespectful C sympathetic D elongated 8: A generational B interpersonal C discrimination D nationality 9: A studious B unite C mature D involve 10: A frustrating B charity C impairment D infectious 11: A hospital B mischievous C supportive D special 12: A family B whenever C obedient D solution 13: A biologist B generally C responsible D security 14: A confident B important C together D exciting 15: A possible B university C secondary D suitable 16: A emigrate B immigrate C advocate D inhabit 17: A confide B comfort C inflate D severe 18: A biology B environment C geography D scientific 19: A estimate B prestigious C proportion D urbanity 20: A drawback B greenhouse C mindset D overload 21: A belong B indeed C private D emit 22: A architect B electronic C mineral D luxury 23: A overwhelming B incredible C optimistic D intellectual 24: A tendency B incidence C importance D difference 25: A photocopy B particular C enthusiasm D economy 26 A emigrate B immigrate C advocate D inhabit 27 A confide B comfort C inflate D severe 28 A biology B environment C geography D scientific 29 A estimate B prestigious C proportion D urbanity 30 A drawback B greenhouse C mindset D overload 31 A hazardous B nutritional C renewable D organic 32 A assessment B pollutant C replacement D purification 33 A sanitation B lubricant C sewage D climate 34 A vinegar B clutter C origin D erosion 35 A appliance B emission C hydrogen D default 36 A atmosphere B damage C vehicle D alternative 37 A immediate B absorbent C potential D respiratory 38 A remain B connect C dispose D damage 39 A automatic B conversation C disadvantage D reasonable 40 A community B particular C mathematics D authority 41 A preference B attraction C advantageD infinitive 42 A interview B essential C comfortable D industry 43 A situation B interrogation C detention D coalition 44 A difficult B simplicity C discovery D commodity A equality B originate C appropriate D vegetarian VOCABULARY/ GRAMMAR 1: I live in a/an with my parents and my elder sister in the coastal area A extended family B nuclear family C extended house D nuclear house 2: One advantage of living in a/an is to strengthen relationship between young children and adults A nuclear family B nuclear house C extended family D extended house 3: In my opinion, family members are responsible for A the housework B the chores C homework D A and B 4: My grandpa is the most conservative person in my family He never about way of life A gives his opinion B changes his mind C gives his view D keeps in mind 5: After graduating from university, I want to my father's footsteps A follow in B succeed in C go after D keep up 6: In a nuclear family, both mother and father have responsibility for housekeeping and A child care B homework C childcare D generation gap 7: The UK is considering the proposal that it compensations for damages of the Indian embassy A been paying B is paying C paid D pay The council wants to the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter A preserve B store C defense D abandon Heavy traffic us so we came to the meeting rather late A promoted B arrested C canceled D delayed 10 It turned out to be a journey when the weather became bad A hazard B hazardous C hazarded D hazarding 11 Poaching the greatest threat to many species A creates B presents C poses D produces 12 the wild, giant pandas eat bamboo A On B Into C Onto D In 13 This species of African elephants is A dying out B dying of C dying on D dying down 14 is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals A Defoliation B Deforestation C Deformation D Degradation 15 The tiger is of extinction It is difficult to find them in the wild A on the wing B on the rocks C on the verge D on the ground 16 Switching to eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment A energy-wasting B energy-expending C energy-lacking D energy-saving 17 batteries or solar chargers are some of the solutions to the lack of energy A Rechargeable B Reversible C Repeatable D Returnable 18 I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to energy in the home A take care of B use C keep D conserve 19 Nowadays, people are searching for more materials to build their houses A environment-friendly B environmentally-friendly C environmental-friendly D environmental-friend 20 Every piece of equipment was sent to the fire A consumable B spendable C available D disposable 21 In the agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers A sustainable B conserving C preserving D supporting 22 In Singapore, people try to 80% of all waste A reprocess B reclaim C recycle D reuse 23 We need to act quickly to to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet A adapt B go back C reverse D transit 24 There is little of things improving soon A probability B probably C probable D probabilities 25 he was waiting for Sam outside the cinema, Jim realized that the street was funnily crowded A So B While C Unless D Even though 26 I didn't meet him right away he had to talk to his boss first A while B if C because D or 27 what has happened, I think she will never return A If B Unless C While D After 28 There wasn't a chair for the headmaster, is a big problem A what B which C that D where 29 The student wiped the board was full of notes and drawings A that B while C after D so 30 True Blood is my favourite TV series, I don't have much time to watch it often A although B before C if D yet 31 After the children finished their dinner, they went to bed listened to a bedtime story before falling asleep A that B and C so D while 32 The kids show some hatred towards him, he was really nice to them A because B before C unless D even though 33 We can leave you are ready A whatever B whoever C whenever D whichever 34 I like swimming my sister likes jogging and dancing A whereas B when C whenever D so 35 The monk insisted that the tourists the temple until they had removed their shoes A not enter B not entering C not to enter D to not enter 36 I propose that we all together so that nobody gets lost along the way A be driving B drive C driven D driving 37 It has been proposed that we the topic A not change B not to change C to change D to not change 38 The map of top ten most densely countries in the world includes Monaco, Singapore, Bahrain, Malta and Bangladesh A populated B populating C population D popular 39 Interactive games could be used in order to keep students A engage B engaged C engagement D engaging 40 The eventually realize that reckless of the earth’s resources can lead only to eventually global disaster A exploitB exploitableC exploitationD Exploitative 41 I was absolutely with envy when I saw his splendid new car A redB whiteC blackD Green 42 If we change our consumption habits, we can reduce our A carbon footprint B exhaust fumes C renewable energy D Gases 43 Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic in Viet Nam at the beginning of the 20th century a accomplished b related – master c movement d pioneer Steve Jobs is recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution A Largely b Widely c hugely d specially When I (arrive) at this house, he (sleep) a Arrive/sleep b arrived/ slept c arrived/ was sleeping d was arriving/ slept The light (go) out while we (have) dinner a went/were having b went/ was having c was going/ had d was going/ was having 10 He was most talented football player that our school had produced in years His talent for _ football was great A x/x b the/x c x/the d the / the Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great achievement was his books on history of Viet Nam in 19th century? A the / the b a/ the x/x d the/x I first met her four years ago when we at a middle school A had been studying B are studying C have been studying D were studying 13 Le Loi used the war, moving from little to large scale A mid-term B short-term C long-term D half term While I TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A watch B watched C was watching D am watching Energy _should also be evaluated with the goal of minimizing air pollution A resources B sources C supply D appliance The greater amounts of oil and other fuels burned to create energy _chemicals which add to global warming A dump B discard C exhaust D release A friend of mine, father is the manager of a company, helped me to find the job a who b that c whom d whose Everyone went to the party enjoyed it very much a who b whose c whom d of whom Picasso, works inspired many other artists, lived until he was a ripe old age a who b whose c that d which 10 Jim passed his driving test, _ surprised everybody a what b that c which d who 11 It rained all the time, _ was a great pity a that b what c which d who 12.Tonight I'll the assignment gave us last week a the teacher b who the teacher c whom the teacher d of the teacher 13.They asked me a lot of questions, _ I couldn’t answer A most of which B of which most C most of that D of that most 14.That is the house in I used to live A that B which C where D there 15.The man _ is my teacher A who she is speaking to B whom she is speaking with C to whom she is speaking D to whom she is speaking with Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions At the end, everybody cleaned up the whole room, that I hadn't expected before A B C D My mother lives next to me which is really convenient A B C D He shouted at his girlfriend, that really disappointed me A B C D He drinks quite a lot, what is why he is so ill A B C D While wait for the paint to dry, I walked around and talked to the engineers A B C D My beautiful and intelligent sister turned off TV, sit down and started to cry A B C D I came to class very early so the teacher was late due to heavy traffic A B C D The temperature increases significantly, what makes the ice melt faster A B C D They will not go nowhere special because they don't have enough money A B C D 10 Neither Lan or her friends care about the coming exam A B C D 11 Jane talks as if she knows all the story AB C D 12 I heard everything which he said and I was really upset A B C D 13.Although they reflect a strong social conscience, Arthur Miller’s stage works are typical more concerned with individuals than with systems 14.Having finished his term paper before the deadline, it was delivered to the professor before the class 15 Much of the solar energy that reaches rural areas is consume by evaporation of water from vegetation and soil A.Much B.that C consume D evaporation CLOSEST IN MEANING 1: She was brought up in the slums of Leeds A downtown area B industrial area C poor area D rural area 2: Many illnesses in refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation A cleanliness B dirtiness C pollution D uncleanliness 3: There has been a hot debate among the scientists relating to the pros and cons of using robotic probes to study distant objects in space A problems and solutions B advantages and disadvantages C solutions and limitations D causes and effects For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of factories A leak B release C poison D pollutant Nylon is a man-made fibre, the use of which has helped more people to have cheaper and more colourful clothes to wear A natural B plastic C synthetic D artificial The advances of commercial airplanes resulted in a shrinking world A decreasing B reduced C smaller D compressing We have to suffer from traffic congestion and pollution every day A accident B fullness C mass D crowd Many animals were born in captivity Resultantly, they not always breed well A imprisonment B lock C detention D freedom The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting A unstable B dangerous C insecure D indefensible 10 We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves A protected land B saved land C park D Zoo 11 Scientists are trying to find an energy that consumes less fuel A waste B destroy C eat up D use 12 Modern buildings are designed to maximize natural light A absorb B increase C let D diminish 13 It's wise to use local fresh produce which is in season A cars B restaurants C crops D water 14 The number of rhinos is in steady decline There are fewer rhinos than ever before A occasional B constant C stable D Persistent 15 Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and destitute around the world A committed B dedicated C committed D attended OPPOSITE IN MEANING The new policy will help generate more jobs A bring out B form C produce D terminate Her only problem is the limited experience because she is too young A narrow B considerable C insufficient D restricted The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory A poisonous B harmful C all right D deadly I don't believe in anything he says, he is unreliable A inaccurate B unstable C trustworthy D irresponsible 'If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the environment significantly A use up B add to C reduce D exhaust She stays incredibly focused and is never distracted by others A disturbed B confused C bewildered D concentrated Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment A durable B long-lasting C steady D temporary The best hope of' avoiding downmarket tabloid TV future lies in the pressure currently being put on the networks to clean up their act A expensive B famous C poor quality D uncreative SPEAKING Jenny: "I think higher living standard is one of the reasons that many people want to be a city dweller." - Mark: “ ” A I couldn't agree more B It's nice of you to say so C That's quite all right D Why not? Anna: "Personally, I love peaceful and quiet life in rural areas." - Jenny: “ ” A Neither I B No, I won't C So I D Yes, I like it Anna: "In my opinion, some people should stay in rural areas as well as work on agriculture." - Mark: “ ” A I'm not afraid I don't agree B I'm not sure about that C I'm so sorry, but I agree D Not at all, thanks Would you mind closing the door? A Yes, I B No, of course not C Yes, please D No, thank you Hi, what are you looking for? A Yes, I usually look for things B No way I am gonna show you C Oil Oil that we use for cooking D OK, I'll take it Hi, Alice Would you like to go to the movies tonight? A Fine I'll be there B Thanks I love to C I'll be ready in no time D Why? What's the matter? Excuse me, could I talk to the manager? A Yes, I would love to B Yes, I will give it to you C Yes, of course D Yes, thank you "Oops! I’m sorry for stepping on your foot" – “ .” A Never mind B You don't mind C You're welcome D That's fine WRITING 1: There is always conflict between parents and children However, they still should talk and share things with each other A Although there is always conflict between parents and children, they still should talk and share things with each other 10 ... dying of C dying on D dying down 14 is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals A Defoliation B Deforestation C Deformation D Degradation 15 The tiger is of extinction It is difficult... dying of C dying on D dying down 14 is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals A Defoliation B Deforestation C Deformation D Degradation 15 The tiger is of extinction It is difficult... She is an honest person She is also a very friendly one A She is an honest but friendly person B She is not only an honest but also a very friendly person C Though she is a honest person, she is