Engineering rock mechanicsan volume1 doc

I., . . on i I Engineering rock mechanics an introduction to the principles [...]... discipline of engineering rock mechanics has developed The term rock mechanics’ refers to the basic science of mechanics applied to rocks; whilst the term rock engineering refers to any engineering activity involving rocks Thus, the term engineering rock mechanics’ refers to the use of rock mechanics in rock engineering- within the context of civil, mining and petroleum e n p e e r i n g Because rock mechanics... is the rock mechanics principles in the engineering context that we are presenting The book is based on the content of the integrated e n p e e r i n g rock mechanics course given at Imperial College and on the authors’ engineering experience Chapters 1-13 cover rock mechanics, Chapter 14 discusses the principles of rock engineering systems, and Chapters 15-20 cover major applications in rock engineering. .. petroleum engineering wellbore which is a few tens of centimetres in diameter yet is several kilometres deep It is the interpretation of this rock structure in conjunction with the size, shape and design requirements of the engineering that make rock engineering a unique discipline Thus, rock mechanics applied to engineering is both an art and a science We will be explaining the principles of engineering rock. .. and isotropy of rock material and rock masses 2.1 Rock as an engineering material One of the most important, and often frequently neglected, aspects of rock mechanics and rock engneering is that we are utilizing an existing material which is usually highly variable This is demonstrated in Figs 2.1-2.3 The rock will be used either as a building material so the structure will be made of rock, or a structure... in rock engineering, the material is natural As engineers and in the context of mechanics, we must establish 12 Geological sefting Figure 2.1 Relatively consistent intact rock Figure 2.2 'Layered' intact rock Rock as an engineering material 13 the properties of the material, the pre-existing stress state in the ground (which will be disturbed by engineering) and consider these in relation to our engineering. .. interaction matrices L K n o w l e d g e - b a s e d expert systems / Figure 1 1 Three-tier approach to all rock engineering problems .2 between rock stresses and rock structure in the rock mechanics context; and there will be relations between rock support systems and cost implications in the rock engineering context finally, the central ring represents the individual aspects of each project, such as... geological setting directly affects both the rock mechanics and the engineering design 2.2 Natural rock environments In addition to the direct properties of the rock and rock masses as described above, we have to remember that the natural rock environment can also have a profound effect on the engineering In general this is basically governed by the location of the engineering, i.e whether a structure is... lntact rock Intact rock is defined in engineering terms as rock containing no significant fractures However, on the small scale it is composed of grains with the form of the microstructure being governed by the basic rock forming processes Subsequent geological events may affect its mechanical The influence of geological factors on rocks and rock masses 17 Figure 2.7 Tunnel deformation caused by high rock. .. built on the rock, or a structure will be built in the rock In the majority of civil engineering cases, rock is removed to form the structure as in, for example, the excavation of rock for a hydroelectric machine hall chamber In this sense, we are dealing with a reverse type of construction where the rock material is being taken away, rather than added, to form a structure On the mining side, rock may... the full role of the rock structure, i.e not only the intact rock but also the rock fractures and their three-dimensional configuration In general, the stability of near surface excavations is governed by the rock structure, whereas, deeper excavations can be more affected by the intact rock and pre-existing stresses Thus, the rock structure is particularly important in civil engineering and open-pit . discipline of engineering rock mechanics has developed. The term rock mechanics’ refers to the basic science of mechanics applied to rocks; whilst the term rock engineering refers to any engineering. involving rocks. Thus, the term engineering rock mechanics’ refers to the use of rock mechanics in rock engineering- within the context of civil, mining and petroleum enpeering. Because rock mechanics. Rock dynamics and time-dependent aspects 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Stress waves 13.3 Time-dependency 13.4 Time-dependency in rock engineering 14. Rock mechanics interactions and rock engineering