(Đồ án hcmute) developing a reduce toxic particle in wine by using plasma technology

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY BACHELOR THESIS DEVELOPING A REDUCE TOXIC PARTICLE IN WINE BY USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY ADVISOR: ASSOC PROF TRAN NGOC DAM STUDENT’S NAME: TRAN HUU TINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144133 STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN THANH BINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144005 STUDENT’S NAME: LUONG HOANG QUI STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144104 SKL 0 8 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2017 an HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ******************* BACHELOR THESIS DEVELOPING A REDUCE TOXIC PARTICLE IN WINE BY USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY ADVISOR: ASSOC PROF TRAN NGOC DAM STUDENT’S NAME: TRAN HUU TINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144133 STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN THANH BINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144005 STUDENT’S NAME: LUONG HOANG QUI STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144104 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2017 an HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ******************* BACHELOR THESIS DEVELOPING A REDUCE TOXIC PARTICLE IN WINE BY USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY ADVISOR: ASSOC PROF TRAN NGOC DAM STUDENT’S NAME: TRAN HUU TINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144133 STUDENT’S NAME: NGUYEN THANH BINH STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144005 STUDENT’S NAME: LUONG HOANG QUI STUDENT’S ID NUMBER: 13144104 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2017 an ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Graduation Thesis is always the biggest step for every student in any universities in the world We are not the exception After four years at university, that is the project help us strengthen our knowledge and especially discover more about something we never knew before like new technologies, new methods, and particularly how to work with others people in the group Actually we were from the same high school and went to the same university – Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education At the time we were at university, we have never thought we would go to the same school and particularly we would complete graduation thesis together It was amazing we care, we share and we grow together So first of all, we deeply want to say thank you to all the lecturers in faculty of Mechanical Engineering, and especially Assoc Professor Tran Ngoc Dam who advised us in this Thesis, he is always dedicated, helpful and especially always inspire us about the road ahead in engineering field Secondly, from the bottom of our hearts we fully believe even though who we are, where we are from, who we want to be, we will never forget where we were born where we grow up, so we deeply want to say thank you to our parents very much That is the place we get the motivation and determination to go ahead Even though we always try our best, but we fully confess in the short time and with the limitation about budget and equipment, and particularly our knowledge, we believe we still have some drawbacks in this thesis So we hope you understand that, and give us your fabulous advices, to help us improve this thesis Finally, we deeply wish Assoc Professor Tran Ngoc Dam and all of you are always healthy and happy all your life We sincerely thank you! i an ABSTRACT Globalization and international economic integration have opened up a new era of the development of the world in general and Vietnam in particular The process of renovation and development of the economy in recent years has helped improve people's living standard Trends in the use of alcohol, beer in daily activities, in festivals, in work relations are increasing and the rapid increase in wine and beer in the market has led to the target consumption of wine, beer per capital / person / year increase From the beginning of 2017, alcohol poisoning, particularly alcohol containing methanol, is at an alarming rate, causing serious injury to people's health In Lai Chau, because of methanol, more than 80 people were hospitalized, nine of whom died In Ha Giang, 86 people were hospitalized due to alcohol abuse It’s just a few examples about alcohol poisoning, so this thesis will focus on researching, designing and manufacturing a machine can reduce the toxic in alcohol like: Methanol, Aldehyde, and Furfural…, and preserve alcohol longer In the market right now, they can use traditional ways or new technologies like sonic to solve this problem but it’s quite expensive, low treatment efficiency and unstable due to using microbiological, biochemistries, combining physical chemistry method So to mend these problems we want to create a machine base on Plasma Technology with the lowest cost and highest result to meet and exceed the customer’s expectation Using the high oxidations and electron dynamics from Plasma technology help break the chemical bonds in methanol, aldehyde, furfural… Many options are offered for optimal selection based on aesthetic criteria, performance, simple operation and energy savings The result is the power supply (0-220v), the plasma chamber and the two electrodes produce plasma in which the anode is placed inside the glass bottle, the cathode electrode of the aluminum plate When supplying voltage to 220v into the plasma chamber where the voltage is amplified up many times from (0-220v) up to (20-50kv) With the high voltage between the negative and positive poles producing shock waves, ultraviolet rays, and breaking chemical bonds of the wine flow through the processing zone After treated, alcohol is provided directly to the user through the tap From experimental testing, the ii an machine reached stability, wine output after treatment will meet the requirements of the Ministry of Health CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT ii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES AND CHARTS viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition 1.1.1 Definition of Alcohol .1 1.1.2 Definition of Aging wine .1 1.1.3 History of Aging wine 1.1.4 Safe alcohol and unsafe alcohol 1.2 The role of Alcohol Treatment 1.3 Some current methods for treating alcohol .4 1.3.1 Manual methods 1.3.2 Technological methods 1.4 The Urgency of Thesis 1.5 The Goals of Thesis 1.6 The meaning of science and practice of the project 1.7 Research subject and research area 1.8 Research Methods 1.9 Results 1.9.1 Working principle 1.9.2 Design .7 1.9.3 Manufacture 1.10 Structure of Thesis .7 iii an CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH OVERVIEW 2.1 Sonic Techonology .9 2.1.1 History 2.1.2 Working principle .11 2.1.3 Evaluation 12 2.2 Vietnamese’s Standard about alcohol .14 2.2.1 Vietnamese’s Standard about rice wine 14 2.2.2 Vietnamese’s Standard about wine 14 CHAPTER 3: THEORY FOUNDATION 16 3.1 Plasma Introduction 16 3.2 Basic Definitions 17 3.2.1 Ionize 17 3.2.2 Ionized energy .17 3.2.3 Ionization .18 3.3 Interaction between particles in Plasma 20 3.3.1 Effective cross section 20 3.3.2 Average free range 20 3.3.3 Collision frequency .20 3.3.4 Elastic collision 20 3.3.5 Inelastic collision 21 3.4 Oxidation process 21 3.4.1 Create ozone 21 3.4.2 Create Hydrogen Peroxide .22 3.4.3 Generate * OH with strong oxidation .22 3.5 The toxins in wine 22 3.5.1 Methanol 22 3.5.2 Aldehyde 24 3.5.3 Furfural 25 CHAPTER 4: MECHANICAL DESIGN .27 iv an 4.1 Basic requirements for thesis 27 4.1.1 Starting from the working environment and using condition, the following basic requirements are required 27 4.1.2 Design parameters of the system .27 4.1.3 Plasma alcohol treatment scheme .27 4.2 Design of processing system 28 4.2.1 Mechanical design of processing area .28 4.2.2 Solution for using positive electrode material 32 4.3 Design wine treatment machine .34 4.4 Properties’ components .37 4.4.1 Hopper 37 4.4.2 Electrical valve 37 4.4.3 Pipes system 38 4.4.4 Mica sheet for positioning the anode 38 4.4.5 Mica sheet for positioning the glass bottle 39 4.4.6 Mica sheet for positioning the glass bottles and inverters 39 4.4.7 Bottle of glass (include anode and cathode) .40 4.4.8 PPR Pipe system 40 4.4.9 Tank hold treated wine 41 4.4.10 Frame 41 4.4.11 Front door 42 4.5 Technical drawings 43 4.6 Plasma’s circuit 44 4.6.1 Pulse circuit 44 4.6.2 Frequency and voltage adjustment circuit 45 CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION 46 5.1 Manufacture .46 5.1.1 Hopper 46 5.1.2 Tank .47 v an 5.1.3 Front door 47 5.1.4 Back door .48 5.1.5 Mica Sheet 48 5.1.6 Mica Sheet 49 5.1.7 Mica Sheet 49 5.1.8 Electrodes 50 5.2 Evaluation 52 5.2.1 Solution .52 5.2.2 Solution .57 5.2.3 Solution .61 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 64 6.1 Conclusion 64 6.2 Suggestion .64 REFERENCES 65 vi an LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The Vietnamese Standard 7043: 2013 for rice wine .14 Table 2.2: The Vietnamese Standard 7045: 2013 for wine 14 Table 4.1: Component’s Name 35 vii an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.11: Concentration of toxins after treat one times 53 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.12: Concentration of toxins after treat two times 54 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.13: Concentration of toxins after treat three times 55 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION 2500 2000 1500 1000 Ethanol(mg/l) 500 Aldehyde(mg/l) Methanol(mg/l) Original wine Treat one time Treat two times Treat three times Ethanol(mg/l) 40.2 37.8 37.5 35.9 Aldehyde(mg/l) 215 860 1827 2284 Methanol(mg/l) 20 100 400 500 Ester(mg/l) 114 78 76 58 Acidity(mg/l) 411 502 1025 1396 0 0 Furfural Ester(mg/l) Acidity(mg/l) Furfural Figure 5.14: Result after using directly Plasma Radiation The result showed methanol increased from 20 mg/l to 500 mg/l, aldehyde from 215 mg/l to 2284 mg/l, acidity from 411 mg/l to 1396 mg/l It too high to compare with the Vietnamese’s Standard, so definitely we cannot use this solution even though it’s so easy to set up and operate At the treatment area, the cathode is a stainless steel bar located inside the quartz tube, the anode is the aluminum sheet outside the quartz tube The flow of alcohol has been adjusted by the flow valve to flow evenly through the stainless steel bar, at this moment the plasma source is created that shoots through the quartz tube to handle the alcohol But as the wine moves from the sink to the treatment area, the brass dust in the flow valve is mixed with the alcohol Plasma creates a huge energy that makes brass dust oxidized to CuO, combined with high temperatures, CuO reacts further with alkaline radicals, including ethylene (alcohols) to form aldehydes The longer the treatment the more brass is added to the copper the stronger the oxidation of brass that is why the aldehyde is produced as much as possible after long processing time as measured above In addition to, the alkaline radicals is easily oxidized directly by oxygen in the air, it decomposes into CO2 and water, reducing the alcohol’s concentration On the other hand, if the alcohol is not oxidized completely, it will produce acid [19]: C2H5OH + O2 → CH3COOH + H2O CxHyOz + (x + y/4 - z/2) O2 → xCO2 + y/2 H2O 56 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION 5.2.2 Solution The results were measured by Quatest after using discharge between two poles: Figure 5.15: Concentration of toxins in original rice wine 57 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.16: Concentration of toxins after treat at T=15 (minutes) U=50 (V) 58 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.17: Concentration of toxins after treat at T=30 (minutes) U=50 (V) 59 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.18: Concentration of toxins after treat at T=15 (minutes) U=80 (V) 60 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION 250 229 213 200 193 181 150 Aldehyde(mg/l) 100 Methanol 50 0 0 Original rice wine T=15 minute U=50 V T=30 minute U=50 V T=15 minute U=80 V Figure 5.19: Result after using Discharge between two poles outside the bottle of glass with various specifications In this solution we try to make a lot of different experiments to have much data possible And we can see clearly with the power supplier is 220 (V), U=50 (V) treat in 15 minutes, aldehyde raised up from 193 mg/l to 229 mg/l but when we start changing voltage and treatment time the result get better, aldehyde reduce step by step and finally we have the good result, from the original rice wine, the treatment efficiency about 5% (193 down to 181), it’s quite low, but we fully believe this is just a lever help us think about next solution One of the suitable reasons to explain for this phenomenon, that is the energy discharge between the two poles is too slow, it’s mean we are wasting the energy from plasma, the anode and cathode is located outside the bottle glass so the plasma energy cannot concentrate into the bottle, it just heats the bottle glass warm up 5.2.3 Solution The results were measured by Quatest after using discharge between two poles: 61 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION Figure 5.20: Concentration of toxins after treat at U=80 (V), T=1 (hour) 62 an CHAPTER 5: MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION 250 200 193 150 Aldehyde(mg/l) 100 50 17.5 Original rice wine I=1.5A U=80V T=1Hour Figure 5.21: Result after using Discharge between two poles inside and outside the bottle of glass That is the best result we have in all the experiments, aldehyde reduce 90% from 193 mg/l to 17.5 mg/l The solution has the same idea with solution about locate anode and cathode; it is just different about the shape of glass and of course process parameters We applied the power supplier 220 (V) and voltage 80 (V) current 1.5 (A) and treat in one hour In final solution, the reasonable distance between two poles allow energy concentrate into the bottle, and we chose the diameter of the stainless steel bar is 14 (mm) and the diameter of bottle glass is 58 (mm) from practical experiments above During the process, the air bubbles burst at high temperature and high pressure and plus with the molecules move back and forth so fast (Created by Electron dynamic), a high frequency, high voltage signal is applied to the electrode for a time sufficient to increase negative ions in the compound, thus changing its physical characteristics by break the chemical bonds of toxins Beside that with UV ray, H*, O*, H2O2 are created by plasma jet, it helps kill the virus, bacteria in wine, help the wine taste better and cleaner 63 an CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion With the thesis: Researching reduces toxic in wine by plasma technology The team conducted the calculation, design, manufacture and testing of the principle working of the aging wine machine and summary some conclusions:  The treatment area is stable  Wine after treatment is safe  Capacity 800ml/hour  Simple operation  Low cost  High efficiency  No chemical  Save energy 6.2 Suggestion After four months researching, designing, manufacturing and testing, the team has to confess something and has some suggestion to improve aging wine machine:  Aldehyde cannot meet the Vietnamese’s Standard 5mg/l, so we can lead the wine through the activated carbon filter to reduce the aldehyde before treatment  Optimal the treatment volume  Optimal aesthetics  Optimal material  Automated 100% 64 an REFERENCES REFERENCES  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]  [14] [15] [16] [17] Vietnamese ―10 nguoi tu vong ngo doc ruou methanol‖, 29/06/2017, www.suckhoe.vnexpress.net ―90% ruou tu nau co chua chat doc hai‖, 28/06/2017, www.cuongstore.wordpress.com ―Bi an dang sau viec su dung thung go soi de chua ruou vang‖, 28/06/2017, www.chuyengiaruou.com ―Gioi thieu plasma‖, www.thuvienso.hcmute.edu.vn ―Huong dan cach loai bo methanol ruou‖, 28/06/2017, www.machinex.vn ―Lam the nao de khu andehit ruou‖, 28/06/2017, www.hoiamthuc.vn National Standardization Technical Committee (TCVN), ―Tieu chuan ruou gao 7043: 2013‖ National Standardization Technical Committee (TCVN), ―Tieu chuan ruou vang 7045: 2013‖ ―So vu ngo doc su dung ruou methanol tai Viet Nam tang cao‖, 29/06/2017, www.qdnd.vn ―Tac hai cua nhung doc to co ruou‖, 28/06/2017, www.maythucphamkag.com Tran Ngoc Dam, ―Nghien cuu thiet ke va che tao mo hinh xu ly be mat bang cong nghe plasma‖, www.thuvienso.hcmute.edu.vn Tran Ngoc Dam, ―Thiet ke va che tao he thong xu ly nuoc thai y te cong suat bang cong nghe plasma‖, www.thuvienso.hcmute.edu.vn ―Vi ruou methanol co the gay ngo doc chet nguoi‖, 26/06/2017, www.vnreview.vn English Anthony B Kuhry, ―Method and apparatus for application of electrostatic charges to compounds held within containers‖, Apr 22, 2008 Crosland, Maurice P (2004), ―Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry‖, Courier Dover Publications Goldston, R.J.; Rutherford, P.H, ―Introduction to Plasma Physics‖, Taylor & Francis p 1−2 Hastings, Daniel & Garrett, Henry, ―Spacecraft-Environment Interactions‖, Cambridge University Press 65 an REFERENCES [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] IUPAC Gold Book, ―Aldehydes‖ IUPAC, ―Compendium of Chemical Terminology‖, 2nd ed (the "Gold Book") (1997) J Robinson,―The Oxford Companion to Wine‖, Third Edition, pg 5–7 Oxford University Press, 2006 Liebig, J (1835) "Sur les produits de l'oxidation de l'alcool" (On the products of the oxidation of alcohol), Annales de Chimie et de Physique ―Makes every wine better‖, 29/06/2017, www.sonicdecanter.com Morozov, A.I (2012) Introduction to Plasma Dynamics CRC Press p 30 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (22 August 2008) "The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Methanol" National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ―NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0297" Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 p 692 Peters, Fredus N (1936) "The Furans: Fifteen Years of Progress", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 28 (7): 755–759 R Boulton, V Singleton, L Bisson, R Kunkee, ―Principles and Practices of Winemaking‖, pgs 382-424 Springer 1996 New York R Jackson, "Wine Science: Principles and Applications" Third Edition pgs 431-489, 643-671 Academic Press 2008 66 an S an K L 0 ... MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ******************* BACHELOR THESIS DEVELOPING A REDUCE TOXIC PARTICLE IN WINE BY USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY ADVISOR: ASSOC PROF TRAN NGOC DAM STUDENT’S NAME: TRAN HUU TINH... thermodynamics there are two types of equilibrium plasma and unbalance plasma: - Plasma balances (or isothermal plasma) are in that the particles have the same temperature, which is neutralized by electricity... and manufacture of wine aging machines Experimental assessment Expected Results A wine aging machine A report A manual Delivery date: Submission date: Language: Report: Oral presentation: Dean