Report Final Copy Cover Sheet Name 1 IDEAS The topic is pretty broad so when narrowing down to a specific one, I get certain struggles like the feasibility, the relation to. 1. IDEAS The topic is pretty broad so when narrowing down to a specific one, I get certain struggles like the feasibility, the relation to the main topic, the practicality. I have to change my topic twice as the first one isnt easy to find participants. 2. ORGANIZATION I dont have much difficulty in this aspect as I already have a sample of the report. 3. LANGUAGE Lack of reportative words. I think there needs more nominalisation in my essay to make it more cohesive and coherent 4. REFLECTION ON THE PROCESS
Report : Final Copy Cover Sheet Name : Le Uyen My ID : NNA48C1-0685 IDEAS The topic is pretty broad so when narrowing down to a specific one, I get certain struggles like the feasibility, the relation to the main topic, the practicality I have to change my topic twice as the first one isn't easy to find participants ORGANIZATION I don't have much difficulty in this aspect as I already have a sample of the report LANGUAGE Lack of reportative words I think there needs more nominalisation in my essay to make it more cohesive and coherent REFLECTION ON THE PROCESS (Please turn over and complete the back of this page) Process: Pre-writing This scope of my topic is hard to find resources so it takes lots of time Writing the draft I had difficulties using citations and analyzing examples thoroughly Therefore, I was also struggle with proving how the ideas may cover every aspect of the given problem Revising I checked for grammar and vocabulary mistakes as well as upgraded them I also checked my sources, citations, plagiarism, and content I did change my content a lot to make my essay as logical as possible Editing and proofreading I checked the plagiarism, citation/ reference and grammar DRAFT STUDENT NAME : Le Uyen My ID : NNA48C1-0685 REPORT INTRODUCTION For the time being, along with an increase in mobility among countries and a strong globalization effect (Yongvanit, 2018, pp 22-23), international marriage has surged in recent years, especially in East and Southeast Asia (Jones & Shen, 2008, p 9) According to statistics from the Ministry of Justice, there are more than 16,000 Vietnamese-foreigner spouses married in which the other one is mainly from richer countries; particularly, in 2018, the number of marriages between Vietnamese and Americans was around 4000 marriages (Ha, 2019) Coming from different cultural backgrounds, namely Western and Eastern ones, Vietnamese-American couples are still choosing to marry Therefore, it raises a unique concern about cultural differences for such couples, especially whether their impacts affect their daily life Waldman and Rubalcava (2005) stated that many of the issues intercultural couples have are caused by unrecognized variations in perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors that are rooted in their own cultures, especially in a contrast between Eastern and Western mindsets (p 233) Facing this matter, while many spouses may discover that cultural differences make their problems worse, some of them take advantage of the unique aspects of common couple problems to improve their marriages (Frame, 2004, p 221) For that reason, to deal with cultural differences, each married couple has distinct methods (Falicov, 1995, pp 233-234) For example, Tili and Barker (2015) found that Asian partners such as Vietnamese ones who emphasize collectivism may tend to make sacrifices for the benefit of the whole and American partners contrarily are more likely to change ways of communication and adopt some Asian traditions of their spouses (p 192, & p 205) Based on the aforementioned reasons, the researcher is going to focus on three following questions : What are cultural differences in daily life which affect the international marriage between Northern metropolitan Vietnamese and American? What kind of impacts cultural differences have on the daily life of international marriage between Northern metropolitan Vietnamese and American? How Northern metropolitan Vietnamese and American spouses deal with cultural-differences-caused problems? METHODS Participants There were 80 people in the survey, the majority of whom have lived in Vietnam, while the remainder were foreigners The survey targeted people from 18 to 50 years old People at the ages of 18 - 22 and 31 - 39 eagerly responded to the questions, making up roughly 82,5% of the total participants Additionally, only people (5%) in the 40–50 age range participated in the survey, compared to 10 (12,5%) in the 23–30 age range In terms of nationality, the majority of participants were Vietnamese, others were foreigners including American, Singaporean, British, Dutch, and French 54 of them answered the survey questions in Vietnamese and 26 used English Survey questionnaire All respondents were given a Google form formatted survey to respond to 11 questions that focused on topics including the level of interest in international marriage, impact on daily life, and solutions to deal with problems The survey was designed using classic demographic, factual, Likert scale, yes/no, rating scale, and multiple choice in both the general and core sections of the survey Data collection The survey was officially posted on the author’s social media accounts including Facebook and Instagram to attract responses of adults from 18-50 years old in the Vietnamese community In addition, the author needed some help from friends, family, and teachers to get a variety of responses In order to get foreigners' answers, a survey was sent through a global dating application - Tinder After days and carefully choosing appropriate responses, the survey was closed to be analyzed DATA ANALYSIS The survey reflected the perspectives of Vietnamese and foreign adults, aged 18-50 in terms of the influences of cultural differences on the daily life of international marriage The following charts based on the collected data would demonstrate more details Graph Cultural differences in the daily life of international marriage When asked about certain cultural differences emerging in the daily life of international marriage, “religious practices” (81,2%) was chosen by the majority of the participants Additionally, “language barriers“ranked second, accounting for 76,2%, and “family customs“ ranked third making up nearly 69% “Parenting styles”, “social awareness/norms” and “regional manners” ranging from 45% to 55% were considered as the fairly affecting factors Lastly, the remainders reached below 35% Graph Effect of cultural differences on the daily life of international marriage As can be seen from the pie chart above, most participants, particularly 44 people (55%), believed that cultural differences' influence was neutral regarding the daily life of cross-national marriage Those “positive” selectors made up over a third (37,5%) Moreover, only 7,5% of the participants chose “negative” Graph Solutions to cultural differences problems in the daily life of international marriage The question focused on asking the participants about the solutions to tackle problems caused by cultural differences Looking at the bar chart, it can be illustrated that “adjust and adapt to the other’s culture", accounting for 76,2%, was the most effective solution Besides, “educate themselves and their families about the other culture” and “be more open-minded" were also popularly selected for the issue which respectively took up 68,7% and 66,2% Furthermore, The least selected option was “sacrifice themselves/their identities" which occupied 13,7% DISCUSSION The discussion is based on the literature in the Introduction, the survey results, and the data analysis Firstly, Waldman and Rubalcava (2005) stated that most daily-life issues between international spouses are caused by differences in beliefs, and mindsets In fact, the results also proved this statement Particularly, “religious practices” tended to be the most controversial, along with “regional manners” and “family customs” but at a lower possibility Moreover, the results indicated that external factors could also bring a profound impact On the other hand, the participants seemed to disagree with the viewpoint of Frame (2004) regarding how international spouses react to the impacts of cultural differences in daily life While he assumed that there are two ways of thinking which are “positive” and “negative”, participants with 55% were inclined to answer “neutral" as they consider that cultural differences are double-edged Finally, although Tili and Barker (2015) indicated that Vietnamese spouses were likely to sacrifice themselves or their identities for the sake of their families, the participants’ answers revealed a contradicting idea that it was the least effective solution Nevertheless, they shared the same ideas with Tili and Barker’s second point that “adjust and adapt to the other's culture" and “communicate effectively" were one of the most-selected options to address their daily-life issues LIMITATIONS The report is fairly educational and informative in terms of this topic However, because of the comparatively small number of participants, the study can only briefly touch on a few facets of the subject in a small location in Vietnam and cannot fully include every perspective of the originally targeted participants related to the issue In order to increase the impartiality and correctness of the studies, it is advised that more research be done using a variety of participants from other cities and provinces in order to increase the external validity of the studies REFERENCES Falicov, C J (1995) Cross-cultural marriages In N.S Jacobson & A.S Gurman (Eds) Clinical handbook of couple therapy (pp 231-246) Guildford Publications Frame, M W (2004) The challenges of intercultural marriage: Strategies for pastoral care Pastoral Psychology, 52(3), 219-232 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PASP 0000010024.32499.32 Ha, T (2019, December 13) More than 16,000 marriages between Vietnamese and foreigners each year Vietnamtimes https://vietnamtimes.org.vn/more-than16000-marriages-between-vietnamese-and-foreigners-each-year-17254.html Jones, G., & Shen, H.H (2008) International marriage in East and Southeast Asia: trends and research emphases Citizenship Studies, 12(1), 9–25 10.1080/13621020701794091 Tili, T.R, & Barker, G.G (2015) Communication in Intercultural Marriages: Managing Cultural Differences and Conflicts Southern Communication Journal, 80(3), 189-210 10.1080/1041794X.2015.1023826 Waldman, K., & Rubalcava, L (2005) Psychotherapy with Intercultural Couples: A Contemporary Psychodynamic Approach American Journal of Psychotherapy, 59(3), 227-245 https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2005.59.3.227 Yongvanit, S (2018, August 16) International marriage: Life must go on! The 2nd International Conference on Technology, Education, and Social Science 2018, Thailand https://ejurnal.unisri.ac.id/index.php/proictss/article/view/2136 ...Process: Pre- writing This scope of my topic is hard to find resources so it takes lots of time Writing the draft I had difficulties using citations and analyzing... as possible Editing and proofreading I checked the plagiarism, citation/ reference and grammar DRAFT STUDENT NAME : Le Uyen My ID : NNA48C1-0685 REPORT INTRODUCTION For the time being, along