Advances in wireless sensor networks have opened up new opportunities in healthcare systems. The future will see the integration of the abundance of existing specialized medical technology with pervasive, wireless networks. They will co-exist with the installed infrastructure, augmenting data collection and real-time response. An example of an area in which future medical systems can benefit the most from wireless sensor networks is in-home assistance. In-home pervasive networks may assist residents by providing memory enhancement, control of home appliances,
Out Door Wireless Health Care Monitering System For Patients Based On ZIGBEE FROM: Engr Rana Muhammad Shakeel Engnr.shakeel@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/EngnrShakeel plz like my page: https://www.facebook.com/Electrical4Electronics For MORE PROJECTS: http://electro-technolgy.blogspot.com CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Advances in wireless sensor networks have opened up new opportunities in healthcare systems The future will see the integration of the abundance of existing specialized medical technology with pervasive, wireless networks They will co-exist with the installed infrastructure, augmenting data collection and real-time response An example of an area in which future medical systems can benefit the most from wireless sensor networks is in-home assistance In-home pervasive networks may assist residents by providing memory enhancement, control of home appliances, medical data lookup, and emergency communication The main requirements for wireless homecare monitoring systems (WHMS) are: Interoperability Real-time data acquisition and analysis Reliability and robustness New node architectures 1.2 Principles for WHMS Design We propose wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture for smart homecare that possesses the essential elements of each of the future medical applications, namely: Integration with existing medical practices and technology, Real-time, long-term, remote monitoring, Miniature, wearable sensors, and Assistance to the elderly and chronic patients It extends healthcare from the traditional clinic or hospital setting to the patient's home, enabling tele-care 1.3 Description of WHMS Architecture The proposed WHMS integrate a coherent set of interacting portable devices, while preserving mobility and independence and bringing optimum assistance to medical support This integration includes the following features: Automatic monitoring of vital medical physiological parameters such as body temperature, pulse rate and heart rate Communication of physiological parameters between the user and external intervening parties such as medical doctors, medico-social institutions or monitoring centers The resulting system is modular and comprises miniaturized body-worn modules that provide continuous medical and behavioral monitoring (pulse rate, body temperature and activity).The monitored parameters are wireless (IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN protocol) and transmitted to a base station that is connected to the GSM/GPRS or Land Line internet service The base station processes and relays the received parameters and sends alarms to the external people such as socio-medical monitoring centers, neighbors and medical doctors, whoever is best suited to intervene depending on the type of alarm When the link is established, the user may speak with healthcare professionals 1.4 Hardware and Software Requirements Hardware tools: PIC 16F877A, 2x16-LCD, RS232, 802.15.4 module, GSM modem with PC interface, Body temperature sensor, Heart rate measurement sensor, pulse rate measurement sensor, User Mobile phone Software tools: Development tool – MPLAB v7.42, hardware Compiler - HITech PIC, C Programmer - PIC Flash, Hardware Simulation tool - Proteus v6.9 Sp4 Body tempera ture sensor Block schematic of the signal acquisition module: Patient Signal conditioning Pulse rate sensor Heart Rate Sensor IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN protocol PIC Microcontroller with 10-BIT ADC Figure 1.1: Block schematic of the signal acquisition module Figure 1.1 shows the block schematic diagram of the signal acquisition module which is the transmitter part of the project Figure 1.2 shows the base station of home care embedded system which is the receiver part of the project Base Station of home-care embedded system: GSM/GPR S SERVICE IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN protocol PIC Micro Controller GSM MODEM Figure1.2: Base Station of home-care embedded system Alarms to the External People: Care taker (and) Neighbors (and) Medical doctors MOBILE Figure 1.3: Alarms to the External People Figure 1.3 indicates the mobile to which the messages from the modem present in base station of homecare embedded system are sent This might be the mobile of a caretaker of the patient or a neighbor or a medical doctor or a relation to the patient 1.5 Objective Inspite of the improvement of communication link and despite of all progresses in advanced communication technologies, there are still very few functioning commercial wireless monitoring systems, which are most off-line, and there are still a number of issues to deal with Therefore, there is a strong need for investigating the possibility of design and implementation of an interactive real-time wireless communication system In this connection, a generic real-time wireless communication system has been designed for short and long term remote patient-monitoring, using wireless protocol The primary function of this system is to monitor the temperature, pressure and Heart Beat of the Patient The Data collected by the sensors are sent to a Microcontroller at the transmitting end The Microcontroller displays the values in the LCD and then it is transmitted via Zigbee on the transmitter side to the receiver At the receiving end a receiver zigbee is used to receive the data and is fed to another Microcontroller, which is then displayed over the LCD display If there is any deviation in any parameter in the patient's status, an alarm is sounded to alert the concerned doctor or the attendant and a message is sent via GSM to the mobile of a care taker (or) a doctor 1.6 COMPONENTS USED Components Specifications Step Down Transformer :( 230/12V) – No Diodes :(1N4007) – 12 Nos :1000µF – No, 22pF- Nos Capacitors Regulators :7812 – No, 7805 – No Light Emitting Diodes :LED`s – 6Nos PIC microcontroller :16f877A – No Crystal Oscillator :4MHz – 1No Transistor :BC547-1No Buzzer :12volts-1No 10 Temperature sensor :1No 11 Pressure sensor :1N 12 GSM modem :1No 13 LCD 16x2 :2No 14 Resistors :330 Ω – 1Nos,10 KΩ- Nos KΩ – 2Nos 1.7 Organization of Thesis In the first chapter the main objective of the project,the requirements of wireless health care monitoring system ,its architechture and the hardware and soft are requirements have been discussed.the second unit deals with the e.mbedded systems,block diagrams and circuit diagrams of transmitter and receiver are discussed In the third chapter the different sensors used are discussed in detail.fourth Chapter deals with all the PIC microcontroller 16F877A and its architechture in detail In the fifth chapter various aspects of GSM are discussed in detail sixth chapter deals in detail with the zigbee and its applications The seventh chapter deals with MAX 232 and its usage In the eighth chapter power supply unit and regulators are discussed LCD is discussed in the ninth chapter Soft ware requirements are discussed in the tenth chapter Coding is explained in the elevenh chapter 1.8 CONCLUSION WHMS design, objective of the project is discussed and the components used are introduced in this chapter CHAPTER – INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 2.1 Introduction Embedded System is a combination of hardware and software used to achieve a single specific task An embedded system is a microcontroller-based, software driven, reliable, real-time control system, autonomous, or human or network interactive, operating on diverse physical variables and in diverse environments and sold into a competitive and cost conscious market An embedded system is not a computer system that is used primarily for processing, not a software system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business or scientific application High-end embedded & lower end embedded systems High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit Controllers used with OS Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile phones etc Lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit Controllers used with an minimal operating systems and hardware layout designed for the specific purpose Examples Small controllers and devices in our everyday life like Washing Machine, Microwave Ovens, where they are embedded in 2.2 System Design Calls Figure 2.1 shows the pictorial representation of Embedded system design calls on many disciples (i.e) in various fields the embedded systems are used Figure 2.1: Embedded system design calls on many disciples 2.3 The Embedded System Design Cycle Figure 2.2: V Diagram of embedded system design Here we discuss the role of simulation software, real-time systems and data acquisition in dynamic test applications Traditional testing is referred to as “static” testing where functionality of components is tested by providing known inputs and measuring outputs Today there is more pressure to get products to market faster This has led to a need for “dynamic” testing where components are tested while in use with the entire system – either real or simulated Because of cost and safety concerns, simulating the rest of the system with real-time hardware is preferred to testing components in the actual real system The diagram shown in figure 2.2 is the “V Diagram” that is often used to describe the development cycle Originally developed to encapsulate the design process of software applications, many different versions of this diagram can be found to describe different product design cycles Here we have shown one example of such a diagram representing the design cycle of embedded control applications common to automotive, aerospace and defense applications In this diagram the general progression in time of the development stages is shown from left to right Note however that this is often an iterative process and the actual development will not proceed linearly through these steps The goal of rapid development is to make this cycle as efficient as possible by minimizing the iterations required for a design If the x-axis of the diagram is thought of as time, the goal is to narrow the “V” as much as possible and thereby reduce development time The y-axis of this diagram can be thought of as the level at which the system components are considered Early on in the development, the requirements of the overall system must be considered As the system is divided into sub-systems and components, the process becomes very low-level down to the point of loading code onto individual processors Afterwards components are integrated and tested together until such time that the entire system can enter final production testing Therefore the top of the diagram represents the high-level system view and the bottom of the diagram represents a very low-level view V diagram describes lots of applications—derived from software development Reason for shape, every phase of design requires a complimentary test phase High-level to low-level view of application This is a simplified version Loop Back / Iterative process, X-axis is time (sum up) 2.4 Characteristics of Embedded System An embedded system is any computer system hidden inside a product other than a computer There will encounter a number of difficulties when writing embedded system software in addition to those we encounter when we write applications Throughput – Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a short period of time 10 { buz1=0; buzcnt=0; count=0; Emg_alert_alarm=OFF; } } } } } } /*******************Main Function *****************************/ void main(void) { init(); RB7=0; while(1) { lcd_move(0,0); lcd_puts(" X H M "); lcd_move(0,9); lcd_puts("Bp:"); lcd_putn(pres); lcd_move(1,0); lcd_puts("Temp:"); lcd_putn(temp); lcd_puts(" HBt:"); lcd_putn(hbeat); lcd_puts(" "); 91 if(flag1==1) { flag1=0; mcnt=0; format(); if(check==2) { lcd_move(1,0); lcd_puts("Health is Normal"); //Emg_alert_alarm=OFF; // Emg_alert_LED=OFF; DelayMs(250); } if(check==3) { lcd_move(1,0); lcd_puts("Health is AbNrml"); buz1=1; DelayMs(250) } if(buz1==1) { Emg_alert_alarm=ON; buzcnt=1; sendtopc1("AT"); TXREG=13; while(!TRMT); 92 delay(); for(k=0; k