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History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson Project Gutenberg's The History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The History of Cuba, vol. 4 Author: Willis Fletcher Johnson Release Date: October 8, 2010 [EBook #33848] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HISTORY OF CUBA, VOL. 4 *** Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Etext transcriber's note: The use of Spanish accents in this text varies and has not been altered (ie. both Senor and Señor [tilde n], Senora and Señora [tilde n], José [acute accented letter e] and Jose appear; both Nunez and Nuñez [tilde n], Marti and Martí [acute accented i], Carreno and Carreño appear [tilde n].) History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson 1 Several typographical errors have been corrected (Almandares=>Almendares, Donate=>Donato, etc.).] [Illustration: JOSÉ MARTÍ The first great apostle and martyr of the Cuban War of Independence, José Martí, was born in Havana on January 28, 1853, and fell in battle at Dos Rios on May 19, 1895. He was a Professor of Literature, Doctor of Laws, economist, philosopher, essayist, journalist, poet, historian, statesman, tribune of the people, organizer of the final and triumphant cause of Cuban freedom. He suffered imprisonment in Spain and exile in Mexico, Guatemala, and the United States, doing his crowning work in the last-named country as the vitalizing and energizing head of the Cuban Junta in New York. His fame must be lasting as the nation which he founded, wide as the world which he adorned.] THE HISTORY OF CUBA BY WILLIS FLETCHER JOHNSON A.M., L.H.D. Author of "A Century of Expansion," "Four Centuries of the Panama Canal," "America's Foreign Relations" Honorary Professor of the History of American Foreign Relations in New York University WITH ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME FOUR [Illustration] NEW YORK B. F. BUCK & COMPANY, INC. 156 FIFTH AVENUE 1920 Copyright, 1920, BY CENTURY HISTORY CO. All rights reserved ENTERED AT STATIONERS HALL LONDON, ENGLAND. PRINTED IN U. S. A. History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson 2 CONTENTS PAGE History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson 3 CHAPTER I 1 Cuba for the Cubans Era of the War of Independence Organization of the Cuban Revolutionary Party Vigilance of the Spanish Government The Sartorius Uprising The Abarzuza "Home Rule" Measure Beginning of the War of Independence José Marti, His Genius and His Work Members of the Junta in New York Independence the Aim Marti's Departure for Cuba Association with Maximo Gomez Death of Marti His Legacy of Ideals to Cuba. CHAPTER I 4 CHAPTER II 19 Aims and Methods of the Junta Efforts to Avoid American Complications Filibustering Expeditions Contraband Messenger Service Attitude of the Various Classes of the Cuban People Toward the Revolution No Racial nor Partisan Differences The Spanish Element The Mass of the Cuban People United for National Independence. CHAPTER II 5 CHAPTER III 29 The First Uprising Failure in Havana Success in Oriente Response of the Spanish Authorities Superior Numbers of the Spanish Forces Early Complications with the United States-Seeking Terms with the Patriots Grim Reception of an Envoy Ministerial Crisis at Madrid over Cuban Affairs Martinez Campos, "Spain's Greatest Soldier," Sent to Cuba His Conciliatory Policy His Military Preparations Antonio Maceo Uprisings in Many Places Provisional Government of the Patriots Campos's Barricades Campos Beaten by Maceo. CHAPTER III 6 CHAPTER IV 47 Declaration of Cuban Independence First Constitutional Convention The First Government of Ministers Founders of the Cuban Government Desperate Efforts of Campos Disadvantages of the Cubans Plantation Work Forbidden Campaigns by Maceo and Gomez Losses of the Spaniards at Sea Reenforcements from Spain Welcomed Cuban Headquarters at Las Tunas Invasion of Matanzas Defeat and Narrow Escape of Campos Action of the Autonomists Loyalty Pledged to Campos State of Siege in Havana Campos Recalled to Spain. CHAPTER IV 7 CHAPTER V 65 General Marin General Weyler the New Captain-General His Arrival and Remorseless Policy Cuban Elections a Farce The Trocha A War of Ruthless Destruction Many Filibustering Expeditions Interest of the United States Government Diplomatic Controversies Efficiency of the Provisional Government Strengthening the Trocha Activity of Maceo His Betrayal and Death Campaigns of Gomez and Others Calixto Garcia The Great Advance Westward President Cleveland's Significant Message to the United States Congress. CHAPTER V 8 CHAPTER VI 82 Bad Effects of Maceo's Death Weyler in the Field Against Gomez Daring and Death of Bandera Dissensions in the Camp of Gomez Weyler's Concentration Policy A Practical Attempt at Extermination Senator Proctor's Observations President McKinley's Message Crisis in Spain Weyler Recalled and Succeeded by Ramon Blanco Further Attempts at Reform and Conciliation Condition of Cuba The Revolutionists Uncompromising The Ruiz-Aranguren Tragedy Organization of the Autonomist Government Attitude of the Spaniards Visit of the Maine to Havana Destruction of the Vessel The Investigations Futile Efforts of the Autonomist Government CHAPTER VI 9 CHAPTER VII 103 The Destruction of the Maine not the Cause of American Intervention Causes Which Led to the War Diplomatic Negotiations German Intrigue President McKinley's War Message His Attitude Toward the Cuban People Spanish Resentment Declaration of War American Agents Sent to Cuba Attitude of Maximo Gomez Supplies, not Troops, Wanted Blockade of the Cuban Coast Spanish Fleet at Santiago Landing of the American Army Operations at Santiago Services of the "Rough Riders" Naval Battle of Santiago Surrender of the Spanish Army The Armistice. CHAPTER VII 10 [...]... Council, which would be the local governing body of the colony Of it the Spanish Viceroy, or Captain General, would be the President; and of course he would continue to be appointed by the Crown Of the members of the Council, one half would be appointed by the Crown, from among certain specified classes of the inhabitants of Cuba; and the other half would be elected by the suffrages of the Cuban people This... wrecked many of the great laurels, as well as the royal palms of Colon Park, but in the genial climate of Cuba the ravages of the elements were rapidly repaired The Prado was officially renamed by the Cuban Republic the Paseo de Marti, in honor of José Marti, but the old name still clings inseparably to it.] Thus untimely perished the man who should have lived to be known as the Father of His Country... overshadowed by the sincere esteem of the white Cuban for the equal soul, and the desire for education, the fervor of a free man, and the amiable character of his negro compatriot "In the Spanish inhabitants of Cuba, instead of the hateful spite of the first war, the revolution, which does not flatter nor fear, expects to find such affectionate neutrality or material aid that through them the war will... inhabitants on the Bay of Sabinal, on the northern coast of Camaguey; and the latter was the capital of New Providence Island in the British Bahamas, the favorite resort of blockade runners during the Civil War in the United States, and since then the terminus of a cable line running to Jupiter, on the CHAPTER II 34 Florida coast At Nassau Dr Indalacio Salas, a Cuban physician, who had lived there many... educators, men of letters and others, for the most part wished for complete separation from Spain, and aided the cause of independence with their money and their influence There were, however, some of them, including not a few of the most estimable and most patriotic men on the island, whose faith was not able to forecast victory They saw on the side of the Cubans lack of money, lack of arms and ammunition,... with the Tories of the American Revolution, and not merely the Tories who sat in their chairs and railed against the Revolution, but rather those who took up arms in the British cause, and who allied themselves with the Red Indians with tomahawk and scalping knife The animus of these Spaniards in Cuba was not, generally speaking, love of Spain, nor yet hatred of the Cubans, but rather greed of gain They... or diminish the impassioned and resolute determination of the Cuban people to become a nation We have said that the War of Independence was inevitable That was manifestly so because of the determination of the Cubans to become independent It was also because of the failure of the Spanish government to fulfil the terms and stipulations of the Treaty of Zanjon, concerning which we have hitherto spoken... Adoption of the Amendment CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII 2 04 Text of the Constitution of the Cuban Republic The Nation, Its Form of Government, and the National Territory Cubans and Foreigners Bill of Rights Sovereignty and Public Powers The Legislature The President The Vice-President The Secretaries of State The Judicial Power Provincial and Municipal Governments Amendments 15 CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII 240 Election... the United States of America Now, in the briefest of the four major epochs into which Cuban history is naturally divided, we shall have the welcome record of the achievement of Cuba's secure establishment among the sovereign nations of the world The time for the War of Independence was well chosen That conflict was, indeed, a necessary and inevitable sequel to the Ten Years' War and its appendix, the. .. as does the long trial of exile as well as of the respite in the island, the menace of a race war, with which our Spanish beneficiaries would like to inspire a fear of the revolution The war of emancipation and their common labor have obliterated the hatred which slavery might have inspired The novelty and crudity of social relations consequent to the sudden change of a man who belonged to another into . 2 CONTENTS PAGE History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson 3 CHAPTER I 1 Cuba for the Cubans Era of the War of Independence Organization of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson Project Gutenberg's The History of Cuba, vol. 4, by Willis Fletcher Johnson