THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Tap chiKhoa hoc vd Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 KET QUA KHAO NGHIEM VA SAN XUAT THEf GIONG DAU Tl/GNG HLDN 910 VA HLDN 904 CHO VUNG DONG NAM BO VA DONG BANG SONG CUtJ LONG Nguyen Van ChUofng1, Vo NhU Cam1, Vo Van Quang1, Tran HQu Yet1, Pham Van Ngoc1, Pham Thi Ngiing1, Nguyen Thi Blch Chi1, Nguyen Van Manh1, Tran Van Sy1, Bui Quang Dinh1 TOM TAT Ket qua khao nghiem va san xuat thd giong dau tuong cho vung Dong Nam Bo (DNB) va Dong bang song CUu Long (DBSCL), da xac dinh dupe giong dau tuong HLDN 910 va giong dau tUdng HLDN 904 la giong tot, co kha nang phat trien san xuat Cac giong co thdi gian sinh trUdng (TGST) td 78 - 83 ngay, co kha nang chong chiu tot vdi benh gi sat (diem - 3), chin tap trung, it tach hat ngoai dong, ham lupng protein 33,7%; lipid tii 18,4 -19% Nang suat tai DNB, vu Dong Xuan dat tii 2,2 - 2,58 tan/ha; tai DBSCL vu Xuan He dat tii 3,13 - 3,39 tan/ha, vUpt 13 - 15% so vdi doi chdng HL 203 va HLDN 29 Da xay dung dupe 02 quy trinh ky thuat canh tac giong dau tricing HLDN 910 tai DNB va DBSCL, theo tad DNB mat thich hop la 38 cay/m2 (40 cm x 20 cm x cay) nen phan bon thich hop la 60 N + 60 P2Os + 60 K20 Tai DBSCL sa vdi ltipng giong 80 kg/ha vdi nen phan 60 N + 60 P2Os + 60 K20 Giong dau tiiong HLDN 904 diipc cong nhan san xuat thii vao thang 5/2018 Giong HLDN 910 dope cong nhan chinh thiic vao thang 10/2019 Tii khoa: Dau tiiong, khao nghiem, san xuat thd, Dong Nam Bo, Dong bang song Cifu Long I DAT VAN DE DNB va DBSCL la viing kinh te diem cua cac tinh phia Nam, co vai tro quyet dinh chien liipc phat trien nong nghiep cho ca khu viic hien va tiiong lai (Van phong Chinh phu, 2012) Trong nhCing nam gan day, dien tich dau tiiong cua viing bi suy giam nghiem trong, nam 2017 chi dat 728 ha, nang suat bien dong tii 1,33 - 1,88 tan/ha, san ltipng 1000 tan, giam 6,3 ngan tan so vdi nam 2010, dong thdi dien tich dau tiiong cua ca niicfc cung chi dat 68,5 ngan ha, nang suat 1,49 tan/ha, san liipng 102 ngan tan, giam 130 ngan so vcfi nam 2010 (Tong cue Thong ke, 2017) He qua cua sii suy giam dien tich da lam thieu nguyen lieu tram trong, buoc phai nhap khau cang tang Nam 2018, tinh den het thang 11, Viet Nam da nhap khau hon 1,7 trieu tan dau tiiong, tang 16%, vdi tong gia tri khoang 728 trieu USD, tang 15% so vdi ciing ky nam 2017 (Nguyen Thi Kim Dung, 2018) Thiic hien chu triiOng tai co cau nganh nong nghiep, quy hoach chuyen doi cay tren dat lua giai doan 2014 - 2020, DNB va DBSCL phai chuyen doi diipc 21 ngan dau tiiong (Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2014) Day la mot thach thiic rat ldn doi vdi civ tnidc tinh hinh gia dau tiiong hat luon bi canh tranh bdi nhap khau Triidc nhufng yeu cau ve hieu qua, san xuat luon doi hoi nhieu giong dau tridng mdi, co tiem nang nang suat, phu hop vdi dieu karn sinh thai, dat dai va tieu thu tai dia phiiOng de itag dung chuyen doi co cau Vi vay, chon tao va phat trien diipc giong dau tiiong mdi, co nang suat cao, chat liipng tot, co kha nang chong chiu kha doi vdi mot so sau benh hai chinh, thich hop cho vung DNB va tren dat Ilia chuyen doi d DBSCL de san xuat co hieu qua la van de rat quan va cap thiet hien II vAt LIEU VA PHUONG p h Ap n g h ie n c u tr 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cdu Hai giong dau tiiong HLDN 910 va HLDN 904 la san pham ke thiia tii de tai “Nghien cdu chon tao giong dau cho vung Dong Nam bo va Tay Nguyen 2009 - 2012” (Nguyen Van ChdOng va ctv., 2013) sau nghien cdu bo sung them cho vung DBSCL td 2013 - 2018 Sd dung hai giong doi chdng la HL 203 (cong nhan chinh thde 2010) va HLDN 29 (cong nhan san xuat thd 2013) - Giong dau tiiPng HLDN 910: Ten goc HLDN 09-10, diipc chon tao va phat trien dong thuan td to hop lai (HL 203 x OMDN 1) theo phddng phap pha he Trong do, giong HL 203 co ten goc GC 8405818-4 nhap noi vao Viet Nam td AVRDC nam 1999 Giong OMDN diipc Bo mon Di truyen va Quy gen thuoc Vien Lua DBSCL chon tao td to hop lai (Nam Vang/Kettum), la giong khao nghiem co trien vong - Giong dau tddng HLDN 904: ten goc HLDN 09-4, ddpc tuyen chon td giong HLDN 29 bdi ky thuat dot bien bang nguon Co60vdi suat lieu 400 Grey den ddi M6 Giong dau tdong HLDN 29 diipc chon tao i Nghien cdu ThUc nghiem Nong nghiep Hung Loc, Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep mien Nam Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cdng nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/202 ? tii to hop lai (OMDN x Kettum) theo phiidng phap pha he ket hdp vdi chi thi phan til S35 Langrisat 2.2 Phiidng phap nghien cilu 2.2.1 Phiidng phap khdo nghiem giong Thiic hien theo QCVN 01-58:2011/BNNPTNT (Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2011) Gieo tai dia diem tren vimg DNB va DBSCL, dien tich thi nghiem 20 m2, vdi lan nhac laL Mat gieo 40 cay/m2; Cong thilc phan bon 40 N + 60 P2O s + 60 K20 Cham soc thi nghiem theo quy trinh chung cua de tai 2.2.2 Phiidng phap hodn thien bienphdp ky thuat Ap dung doi vdi giong HLDN 910, bo tri thi nghiem yeu to, theo kieu 16 phu, yeu to chinh la mat va yeu to phu la phan bon Thi nghiem gom 16 nghiem thilc (4 mile mat va mile phan bon) Tai DNB ap dung phiidng phap gieo theo hang, each hang 40 va 50 cm, each hoc tif 15 den 30 cm/hoc, co dinh va cay/hoc, vdi cac mat 25, 27, 38 cay/m2, doi chilng 40 cay/m2 Tai DBSCL ap dung phiidng phap sa lan vdi khoi lildng hat 80, 100, 120 kg/ha, doi chiing 110 kg/ha Bon phan theo cong thilc vdi cac mile bon N la 40,60,80 va 100 N, tren nen phan 60 P2Os + 60 K20 2.2.3 Phiidngphap xay dting mo hinh sdn xudt thd Xay dilng mo hinh trinh dien giong va quy trinh ky thuat mefi, quy mo 01 ha/1 mo hinh/vu, chila ke d6i chiing dia phiidng Tad DBSCL cac mo hinh trinh dien dau tildng ling dung sa lan va ling dung cd giefi hoa khau thu hoach, gat dap, tach hat Bon phan theo cong thiic 60 N + 60 P20 + 60 K20 tildng dildng 130 kg Ure + 375 kg Super lan + 100 kg KC1 + 300 kg voi 2.2.4 Phtidngphap phdn tich so lieu - Danh gia hieu qua chon loc: GA (%) = i x h x ~4op 100 X - Phan tich ham liidng dau va protein cua cac giong trien vong - Xd ly so lieu bang childng trinh EXCEL, MSTATC, SAS 9.1 - Phan tich tUdng tac kieu gen » moi tnldng theo phiidng phap Eberhart-Russel (1966) va AMMIIRRISTAT (1998) 2.3 Hurt gian va dia diem nghien edn Nghien cilu dildc thilc hien til thang 01 nam 2012 den thang 12 nam 2018 tai cac tinh Dong Nai (DNB); Dong Thap, An Giang va Vinh Long (DBSCL) III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Ket qua chon tao giong dau tildng 3.1.1 Ket qua khdo nghiem cd ban Bang Nang suat (tan/ha) cua bo giong khao nghiem KN2 tai DNB til 2013 - 2014 XT Tin giong 10 11 12 HLDN 901 HLDN 902 HLDN 903 HLDN 904 HLDN 905 HLDN 906 HLDN 907 HLDN 908 HLDN 909 HLDN 910 HL 203 (D/c 1) HLDN 29 (D/c 2) CV(%) F tinh GA (%) TB, DX 12/13
Ngày đăng: 26/12/2022, 23:21
Xem thêm: