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Course name E-tourism Course code BUS123 Assignment title Final exam Release date 15/12/2021 Submission date 29/12/2021 Submission time 11:00 Assignment weighting 50% Lecturer’s name Do Thi Hai Ninh TASK Question 1: Explain the main types of E-commerce? How these components apply to tourism industry Question 2: Explain M-commerce business model? ANSWER 0 Question : Four main types of e-business models - B2C, B2B, C2B, and C2C - and how they can help you build a better e-commerce business Business to Consumer (B2C) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) concept The term business-to-consumer (B2C) refers to the process of selling products and services directly between a business and consumers Understanding Business-to-Consumer Business-to-consumer (B2C) is among the most popular and widely known sales models B2C traditionally referred to mall shopping, eating out at restaurants, pay-per-view movies, and infomercials B2C Storefronts Vs Internet Retailers Traditionally, many manufacturers sold their products to retailers with physical locations But that changed once the Internet came New businesses arose that promised to sell directly to the consumer, thus cutting out the middle person4the retailer4and lowering prices B2C in the Digital World Online B2C can be broken down into categories: direct sellers, online intermediaries, advertising-based B2C, community-based, and fee-based Direct sellers : These may include manufacturers or small businesses or simply online versions of department stores that sell products from different manufacturers Online intermediarie : These are liaisons or go-betweens who don't actually own products or services that put buyers and sellers together Sites like Expedia, Trivago, and Etsy fall into this category 0 Advertising-based B2C : This model uses free content to get visitors to a website One example is media sites like the Huffington Post, a high-traffic site that mixes advertising with its native content Community-based : Sites like Meta (formerly Facebook), which build online communities based on shared interests, help marketers and advertisers promote their products directly to consumers Websites typically target ads based on users' demographics and geographical location Fee-based : Direct-to-consumer sites like Netflix charge a fee so consumers can access their content The site may also offer free but limited content while charging for most of it The New York Times and other large newspapers often use a fee-based B2C business model B2C Companies and Mobile With smartphone apps and traffic growing year-over-year, B2C companies have shifted attention to mobile users and capitalized on this popular technology Because of the nature of the purchases and relationships between businesses, sales in the B2B model may take longer than those in the B2C model B2C vs Business-to-Business (B2B) Unlike the B2C business model, pricing structures tend to be different in the B2B model With B2C, consumers often pay the same price for the same products However, prices are not necessarily the same Businesses tend to negotiate prices and payment terms * Example of a business to consumer company : One example of a major B2C company today is Shopify, which has developed a platform for small retailers to sell their products and reach a broader audience online Before the advent of the internet, however, business to consumer was a term that was used to describe take-out restaurants, or companies in a mall, for instance In 1979, Michael Aldrich further utilized this term to attract consumers through television 0 Five types of business to consumer models Typically, B2C models fall into the following five categories: direct sellers, online intermediaries, advertising-based B2C, community-based, and fee-based The most frequently occurring is the direct seller model, where goods are purchased directly from online retailers By contrast, an online intermediary model would include companies like Expedia, which connect buyers and sellers Meanwhile, a fee-based model includes services such as Disney+, which charges a subscription to stream their video-on-demand content Business to Business (B2B) B2B e-Commerce concept Business-to-business (B2B) e-Commerce describes online business-to-business transactions in which a supplier or manufacturer sells goods to another company, typically a retailer B2B enterprises, like any other type of business, come in a variety of forms, sizes, and levels of sophistication While many of us purchase online as consumers, we are unaware that the worldwide B2B digital commerce sector is worth six times as much as the B2C market.This will drive demand for B2B e-Commerce systems by encouraging typically offline B2B vendors to put up an eCommerce site B2B e-Commerce benefits B2B e-Commerce offers more than just allow businesses to get online and sell their goods to a wider audience It helps open doors to new markets, boost employee productivity, and encourage existing consumers to buy more B2B e-Commerce helps businesses boost sales According to Zendesk, 67% of shoppers prefer using self-service tools rather than talking to a sales representative Because your B2B e-Commerce website can provide clients with the correct information and make it simple for them to fulfill their orders In that way, your 0 revenue, and average order values will significantly rise As a result, you will not only acquire new customers but also increase your customer retention rate Reduce costs with B2B e-Commerce By automating and simplifying these numerous procedures, your firm may save money while improving the efficiency of its operations Reach more customers Utilize the power of search engines to go where your consumers are investigating products A responsive, SEO-friendly site that can be accessed from any device will rank higher on Google and raise company recognition For example, will value a well-organized website They’ll have a single source of truth since catalog data, orders, pricing, and history will be conveniently available whether they’re in the office or working from home Increase productivity Productivity is one of the possible benefits of B2B e-Commerce A self-service portal may accept orders 24/7, and provide consumers with tailored pricing, order progress, and other information The potential for mistakes and misunderstandings is reduced with automated order procedures Develop digital agility Brands can easily form long-term connections or develop their own following thanks to many cutting-edge technologies Another advantage of B2B e-Commerce is that it helps B2B retailers to expand their client base outside their immediate location Deliver omnichannel customer experience A B2B e-Commerce experience overcomes the limitations of physical stores in terms of selling Customers don’t have to go to a showroom just to leave empty-handed because they can’t locate what they’re looking for 0 For example, customers can start on your Facebook page from their mobile devices and then go to your desktop site Get access to accurate analytics Data connection with other business tools (ERP, PIM, Procurement, CRM, and so on) gives you a complete picture of your whole company process This gives you a better understanding of business processes like inventory bottlenecks and helps you to make key business choices fast to improve your operations Three common types of B2B e-Commerce * Buyer-oriented Buyer-oriented marketplaces are where there are more buyers than sellers Buyers have their own internet markets in this situation If you’re a wholesale supplier, these B2B marketplaces are a cost-effective approach to market your items to buyers and merchants * Supplier-oriented This is a frequent approach for B2B sellers with a large number of buyers and few suppliers To meet demand and sell at scale, businesses frequently join supplier directories or create an online sales portal * Intermediary-oriented A third-party middleman connects buyers and sellers in the intermediary-oriented economy B2B e-Commerce sites like Amazon Business, Alibaba, AliExpress, Rakuten, or TradeKey are examples of intermediary-oriented markets, often known as
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