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REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Câu tường thuật có hai kiểu Tường thuật trực tiếp (direct speech) thuật lại đầy đủ và chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (trích dẫn) Tường thuật gián tiếp (indirect speech.
REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Câu tường thuật có hai kiểu: - Tường thuật trực tiếp (direct speech): thuật lại đầy đủ xác điều diễn đạt (trích dẫn) - Tường thuật gián tiếp (indirect speech): Là thuật lại lời nói người theo cách gián tiếp, truyền mà khơng có dùng dấu ngoặc kép, khơng trích dẫn y ngun CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Thay đổi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu Tính từ sở hữu) - Nếu động từ mệnh đề tường thuật dùng thì đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi; không đổi động từ trạng từ E.g.: “I am living in London.” Molly says ⇒ Molly says that she is living in London - Nếu động từ mệnh đề tường thuật dùng khứ chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngơi, động từ, trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn E.g.: “I am living in London.” Molly said ⇒ Molly said that she was living in London Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang thứ ba I me → → he/she him/her my → his/her we → they us → them our → their Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your) Xét ý nghĩa câu đổi cho phù hợp, ta thường đổi dựa vào túc từ (tân ngữ – object) mệnh đề tường thuật Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn DIRECT INDIRECT – REPORTED SPEECH Now Then Here There This That These Those Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last year The year before / the previous year Tomorrow The following day / the next day / the day after Next month The following month / the next month / the month after Ago Before E.g.: “I will go to the cinema tomorrow.” Julie told me ⇒ Julie told me that she would go to the cinema the next day “Juan called me yesterday,” Helen said ⇒ Helen said that Juan had called her the previous day Thay đổi câu DIRECT (trực tiếp) INDIRECT (gián tiếp) Present Simple – V1 /Vs(es) Past Simple – V-ed / V2 E.g.: “We are ready.” They said E.g.: They said that they were ready Present Continuous Past Continuous am / is / are + V-ing was / were + V-ing E.g.: “My mom is waiting.”, John E.g.: John told Anna that his mom was told Anna waiting Present Perfect Past Perfect have / has + P.P / V3 had + P.P / V3 E.g.: “I haven’t seen her.”, he told E.g.: He told me that he hadn’t me seen her Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous have / has been +V-ing had been + V-ing E.g.: He said, “I have been E.g.: He said that he had been doing his doing my homework.” homework Past Simple Past Perfect V2 / -ed had + P.P / V3 E.g.: Tom said, “She went away.” E.g.: Tom said that she had gone away Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous was / were + V-ing had been +V-ing E.g.: “I was walking along the E.g.: Anna said that she had been street”, Anna said walking along the street Past Perfect – had + P.P / V3 Past Perfect – had + P.P / V3 E.g.: “I had just opened the door.” E.g.: She explained that She explained she had just opened the door Simple future – will + V Present conditional – would + V E.g.: “I‘ll come later.” Katherine told E.g.: Katherine told me that she would me come later Future Continuous will be + V-ing E.g.: She said, “I‘ll be flying to France next Friday.” Conditional continuous – would be + Ving E.g.: She said that she would be flying to France next Friday Chú ý: Nếu lời nói đối tượng thật hiển nhiên ta khơng lùi chuyển câu tường thuật E.g.: “The sun rises in the East.” Daisy said ⇒ Daisy said that the sun rises in the East Những modal verbs không thay đổi: might, could, would, should, ought to E.g.: She said, “I might bring a friend with me tonight.” ⇒ She said that she might bring a friend with her that night CÂU NGHI VẤN: TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG TƯỜNG THUẬT • Nghi vấn Yes / No: S + asked/questioned/wanted to know/… (+O) + if/whether + clause E.g.: “Do you like reading books?” My teacher asked me ⇒ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked reading books • Nghi vấn WH-: S + asked/questioned/wanted to know/… (+O) + WH- + clause E.g.: “What are you doing?” My teacher asked me ⇒ My teacher questioned me about what I was doing CÂU MỆNH LỆNH: TỪ TRỰC TIẾP SANG TƯỜNG THUẬT Để chuyển câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu từ trực tiếp sang tường thuật, ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật phù hợp (requested, ordered, etc.) “to” hay “not to” động từ nguyên mẫu S + told/asked/requested/etc (+ O) + (not) to + V-infinitive Tường thuật mệnh lệnh, sử dụng động từ “told” Tường thuật mệnh lệnh, sử dụng động từ “asked” hay “requested” E.g.: “Don’t stay up late!” The mother told her child ⇒ The mother told her child not to stay up late (mệnh lệnh) “Could you pass the milk?” She asked ⇒ She asked me to pass the milk (yêu cầu) Bài 1: Choose the correct option “I am hungry.” ⇒ He said that he is / was / had been hungry “I don’t like him.” ⇒ She said she isn’t / wasn’t / doesn’t / didn’t like him “My dog will come with me.” ⇒ He said that his dog will come / would come / comes with him “It was sunny and hot.” ⇒ The man said that it is / was / has been / had been sunny and hot “I’m having your pens.” ⇒ Juan said that he is having / was having my pens “Somebody phoned my sister.” ⇒ He said that somebody phoned / had phoned / phones his sister “I can see you from here.” He says.⇒ He says he can / could see me from there “We danced with them.” ⇒ They said that they danced / had danced / dance with them Bài 1 was didn’t would come had been was having had phoned can had danced Bài 2: FIll in the blank with the correct form of the verb to make a reported speech “I am going to paint a painting.” ⇒ He told us he going to paint a painting “Who you play with?” ⇒ My father asked me who I with “It was a wonderful time.” ⇒ They said it a wonderful time “I have never seen a tiger.” ⇒ She said she a tiger “I will help my granddad.” ⇒ He told me he his granddad “Who drank the milk?” ⇒ Susan asked who the milk “Don’t park here!” ⇒ The security told me there “You should listen to the teacher.” ⇒ He told me that I to the teacher Bài was played had been had never seen would help had drunk not to park should listen Exercise 3: Chuyển câu sau dạng câu trần thuật “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said “What would you if you had three days off ?” I asked him “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Jim” she said “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.” , he told me “If Today were Sunday, we wouldn’t go to school.” They said to me She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her about this.” “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came.”, they said “You will be surprised if you meet him.” , Peter said to Linda 9.The boy said : “I won’t be strong if I don’t swim everyday.” 10 “What would you if you saw a snake ?” Nam asked Nga 11 “We’ll have lunch outside in the garden if it’s not cold.” ,Mr John said 12 “Tom would win more races if he trained hard.” , The man said 13 “If you feel like a chat, phone me tonight.” David said to me 14 “If you isn’t eating so much junk food, you would be a lot fitter.” Mother said 15 “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.” , our teacher said 16 “If I knew her hobbies, I could let you know.” He said to me 17 “If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.” , the man said 18 “If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a big mistakes.” Julia said to LiLi ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 3: She said if the weather was fine, she would go on a picnic with her friends I asked him what he would if he had (had) three days off She told Jim that she would have come if she had known his address He told me that he was sure she would help if I asked her They told me if that day were Sunday, they wouldn't go to school She told me that if she were me, she wouldn't tell her about that They said that there wouldn’t be enough seats if a lot of guests came Peter told Linda that she would be surprised if she met him The boy said that he would not be strong if he did not swim everyday 10 Nam asked Nga what she would if she saw a snake 11 Mr John said that they would have lunch outside in the garden if it was not cold 12 The man said Tom would win more races if he trained hard 13 David told me to phone him that night if I felt like a chat 14 My mother told me that I would be a lot fitter if I was not eating so much junk food 15 Our teacher said that she would be surprised of Mary did not pass the exam 16 He told me that if he knew her hobbies, he could let me know 17 The man said that he would buy a new car if he won the lottery 18 Julia told LilLi that she would not have made such a big mistake if she had listened to Julia’s advice Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án Jack asked me _ A where you come from? B where I came from C where I came from D where did I come from? She asked me _ I liked pop music A.when B.what The doctor him to take more exercise C.if D.x A.told B.tell C have told D are telling I wanted to know _ return home A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would Claire told me that her father a race horse A owns B owned C owning D A and B What did that man say ? A at you B for you C to you D you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there A is B were C has been D was The builders have that everything will be ready on time A promised B promise C promises D promising The doctor _ him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling 10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she’d been on holiday the week A ago B following C next D previous 11 Yesterday, Laura him to put some shelves up A asked B is asking C ask D was asked 12 Tom has this story wasn’t completely true A admitting that B was admitted that C admitted that D admit that 13 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy day A that B the C then D this 14 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale yet A what B when C where D whether 15 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave A has reminded B has reminded that C reminded D reminded that 16 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill A are B were 17 Ann and left C was D should be She told us not to try to open it then I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day She said that he was not at home The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away Tom told Ann not to stay out late 10 He asked her to let him borrow her car 11 Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves 12 I told Mary not to leave the window open 13 She said that she would have a cup of tea with me 14 She said that she would pay him if she could 15 She asked us what we were going to the following summer 16 He told Jack that he would phone him the following day 17 Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her 18 He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday 19 He told us not to keep the door locked 20 I asked him how long he was going to stay 21 She wanted to know whether I was going by train 22 She asked us not to use too much hot water 23 She invited me to come to her party 24 She told them not to it again 25 She asked whether/ if Mr Brown sent the potatoes to me 26 She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty 27 Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day 28 Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter 29 The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before 30 John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money 31 John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette 32 Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle 33 The nurse asked Mrs Bingley where her little boy had been born 34 The doctor advised Mr Robert to take more exercise 35 Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job 36 Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number 37 Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was 38 Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle 39 William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back 40 Mrs Rogers told her son not to bite his nails 41 George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times 42 Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car 43 The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch 44 Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address 45 The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30 46 I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was 47 She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day 48 The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall 49 The interviewer asked Mr Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000 50 The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police Bài 9: Viết lại câu "Where is my umbrella?" she asked She asked "How are you?" Martin asked us Martin asked us He asked, "Do I have to it?" He asked "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter The mother asked her daughter "Which dress you like best?" she asked her boyfriend She asked her boyfriend "What are they doing?" she asked She wanted to know "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me He wanted to know The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know "How you know that?" she asked me She asked me 10 "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me My friend asked me Đáp án She asked where her umbrella was Martin asked us how we were He asked if he had to it The mother asked her daughter where she had been She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best She wanted to know what they were doing He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema The teacher wanted to know who spoke English She asked me how I knew that 10 My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin Bài 10 tập viết lại câu tường thuật "What's the time?" he asked → He wanted to know "When will we meet again?" she asked me → She asked me "Are you crazy?" she asked him → She asked him "Where did they live?" he asked → He wanted to know "Will you be at the party?" he asked her → He asked her "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me → She asked me "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked → The teacher wanted to know "Why don't you help me?" she asked him → She wanted to know "Did you see that car?" he asked me → He asked me 10 "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins → The mother asked the twins Đáp án 10 He wanted to know what the time was She asked me when we would meet again She asked him if he was crazy He wanted to know where they had lived He asked her if she would be at the party She asked me if I could meet her at the station The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer She wanted to know why he didn't help her He asked me if I had seen that car 10 The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room Bài 11 tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp có đáp án "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be patient," she said to him → She told him "Go to your room," her father said to her → Her father told her "Hurry up," she said to us → She told us "Give me the key," he told her → He asked her "Play it again, Sam," she said → She asked Sam "Sit down, Caron" he said → He asked Caron "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said → The receptionist asked the guest "Take off your shoes," she told us → She told us 10 "Mind your own business," she told him → She told him ……………………… Đáp án 11 The teacher told Joe to stop talking She told him to be patient Her father told her to go to her room She told us to hurry up He asked her to give him the key She asked Sam to play it again He asked Caron to sit down The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form She told us to take off our shoes 10 She told him to mind his own business Bài 12: Chuyển câu sau sang câu gián tiếp 1.Mr Smith said: “Where are you going on your vacation this year? Mr Smith asked 2.She said: “Did the mechanics finish repairing your car?” She asked 3.She said: “Why has David been looking so miserable lately?” She asked 4.I asked my friend: “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month?” He asked my friend 5.She asked me: “How old are you now ?” She asked me 6.He said to her: “Have you been to town today ?” She asked her 7.John said: “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary?” John asked Mary 8.The policeman asked the little girl: “What‟s your name?” The policeman asked the little girl 9.Mr Green said to his secretary: “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago?” Mr Green asked his secretary 10.Paul said: “Can you swim, Mary?” Paul asked Mary … 11 He said: “Where can I find her in this town?” He asked 12.She asked her son: “Do you know which is the cup you used ?” She asked her son Đáp án 12 He said to her she was his friend 2.Johnny said to his mother he didn‟t know how to that exercise 3.My brother advised me not to come back before one o‟clock 4.Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter 5.The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks 6.My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after 7.My mother asked me if I had done my homework 8.I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before 9.Paul said that he had to go home then 10.The policeman said that there was an accident 11.The children said that they were waiting for the school bus 12.Mr Brown asked me if I had to go then Bài 13: Rewrite the direct speech into reported speech Adam told me: “I will lend you the money.” “I was waiting for the bus when my boyfriend arrived.” My sister said “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” My boss said “I always wake up early,” He said “I can’t drive a car.” Tim told me “I’ll send you a postcard.” Mary told us Linda said to me: “I have done my task already.” “I am not doing the housework.” Jim said “I saw an accident last month.” Percy said 10 “Marcy had told me everything before you came.” Lisa said to Fred Đáp án Bài 13 Adam told me that he would lend me the money My sister said that she had been waiting for the bus when her boyfriend arrived My boss said that he/she would have a cup of tea with me He said that he always woke up early Tim told me that he couldn’t drive a car Mary told us that she would send us a postcard Linda told me that she had done her task already Jim said that he was not doing the housework Percy said that he had seen an accident the month before 10 Lisa told Fred that Marcy had told her everything before he came Bài 14: Hoàn thành câu gián tiếp Mr Miller said, ‘I can’t come to the meeting on Sunday’ Mr Miller said (that) _ Mary said, ‘I’m feeling ill’ Mary said (that) _ Your brother said, ‘I like chocolate’ Your brother said (that) _ My brother said, ‘I’m going to learn to cook’ My brother said (that) Mehrzad said, “I’m going to start my own photography business next month.” Mehrzad said (that) _ Alex said, “I finished university in June” Alex said (that) Safia said, “I have studied photography” Safia said (that) _ Đáp án 14 Mr Miller said (that) he couldn’t come to the meeting on Sunday Mary said (that) she was feeling ill Your brother said (that) he liked chocolate My brother said (that) he was going to learn to cook Mehrzad said (that) she was going to start her own photography business the ollowing month Alex said (that) he had finished university in June Safia said (that) she had studied photography Bài 15: Change into the reported speech He said “I have already read this book” Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother” Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?” She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!” “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor The manager said “Come into my office, please? He said “They went away yesterday.” “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom The manager said to his assistant “I’m going to Paris next week.” 10 They said to me “Do you sleep in the afternoon?” 11 "Why didn't you come here last Sunday?" asked Mary 12 The traveler said "How long does it take to get to Hanoi by plane?" 13 She said, “I can’t find my umbrella” 14 They said, “We are learning English now.” 15 “My friend is coming next week”, Tom said 16 “I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” he said 17 “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said 18 “My father is a doctor here,” my friend said 19 “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor 20 “You will have to finish all these exercises before next week” the teacher said ti his students Đáp án 15 He said that he had already read that book Tom told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for thier mother Mother told Nam not to go to bed She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror My neighbor asked me to use my telephone The manager asked to come in to his office He said that they had gone away the previous day Tom said that he had lived there for ten years The manager told his assistant that he was going to Paris the following week 10 They asked me if I slept in the afternoon 11 Mary asked why I hadn’t come there the previous Sunday 12 The traveler asked how long it took to get to Hanoi by plane 13 She said she could find her umbrella 14 They said they were learning English then 15 Tom said his friend was coming the following week 16 He said he would help his mum with housework that weekend 17 They said they should overcome that difficulty 18 My friend said his father was a doctor there 19 The boy said to his neighbor he was going on holiday the next day 20 The teacher said to his students they would have to finish all those exercises before the following week Bài 16: Rewrite the direct speech into reported speech “Did you arrive before eight?” My teacher asked me “We had never been to Paris until last year.” Kate and James told us “Please give this to John,” Anna said to Henry “Could you give me the pair of glasses on the table, please?” She asked “How was your holiday?” My uncle asked me “Please reply as soon as possible!” Tim reminded John “I would have visited you if I had known you were sick,” Linn told Thomas “Don’t it again.” She said to them “Would you mind telling me how to get to the hospital?” The lady asked me 10 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him Bài 16 My teacher asked me if I had arrived before eight Kate and James told us that they had never been to Paris until the year before Anna asked Henry to give this to John She asked me to give her the pair of glasses on the table My uncle asked me how my holiday had been Tim reminded John to reply as soon as possible Linn told Thomas she would have visited him if she had known he was sick She told them not to it again The lady asked me how to get to the hospital 10 I asked him how long was he going to stay ... seen that car 10 The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room Bài 11 tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp có đáp án "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said → The teacher told Joe "Be... danced / dance with them Bài 1 was didn’t would come had been was having had phoned can had danced Bài 2: FIll in the blank with the correct form of the verb to make a reported speech “I am going to... were waiting for the school bus 12.Mr Brown asked me if I had to go then Bài 13: Rewrite the direct speech into reported speech Adam told me: “I will lend you the money.” “I was waiting for the