Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za The W.K. Kellogg Foundation’s Orphans and Vulnerable Children Project Interventions in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe Edited by Kgobati Magome Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za © 2006 Human Sciences Research Council, Family AIDS Caring Trust, Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund, Masiela Trust Fund First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0-7969-2140-7 Production management by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, 7966, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477 Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 email: orders@blueweaver.co.za www.oneworldbooks.com Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) 3 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2E 8LU, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 email: orders@edspubs.co.uk www.eurospanonline.com Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Order Department, 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741 All other enquiries: +1 (312) 337 0747 Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 email: frontdesk@ipgbook.com www.ipgbook.com Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za CONTENTS List of figures v Preface vi Contributors and acknowledgements vii Acronyms and abbreviations viii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 What the project is about 1 How the project is organised 1 Methodology 1 Focus area 1: Home-based child-centred development programmes 3 Chapter 2: Botswana 5 Maun Counselling Centre – Motse Wa Tsholofelo Day Care Centre 5 Kgodisong Day Care Centre for Orphaned Children 8 Bana Ba Keletso Orphan Day Care Centre 10 Mother’s Union Centre Mahalapye 12 Little Friends Centre for Orphaned Children in Serowe 13 Chapter 3: South Africa 15 Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 15 Tapologo 17 Chapter 4: Zimbabwe 21 Family AIDS Caring Trust (FACT) Nyanga 22 DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa 23 Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 25 Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG), Chimanimani 27 Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 29 Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 31 Batsirai Group 35 Farm Orphan Support Trust 36 Focus area 2: Family and household support programmes 39 Chapter 5: Botswana 41 Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso (Molepolole) 41 Chapter 6: South Africa 43 Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 43 Chapter 7: Zimbabwe 45 FACT Nyanga 45 DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa 46 Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 46 Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 47 Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 48 Batsirai Group 49 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Focus area 3: Strengthening of community support systems 51 Chapter 8: Botswana 53 Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso 53 Chapter 9: South Africa 55 Mathjabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 55 Tapologo-Heartbeat 56 Chapter 10: Zimbabwe 59 Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 59 ITDG Chimanimani 59 Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 60 Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 61 Batsirai Group 62 Focus area 4: HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy and policy programmes 65 Chapter 11: Botswana 67 Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso Centres 67 Chapter 12: South Africa 69 Mathjabeng AIDS Consortium 69 Chapter 13: Zimbabwe 71 FACT Nyanga 71 DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa 71 Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 72 ITDG Chimanimani 72 Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 73 Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 74 Batsirai Group 74 Observations and lessons 77 Chapter 14: Strengths and opportunities 79 Appendices and References 81 Appendix 1: The vulnerability assessment tool – FACT, Zimbabwe 83 Appendix 2: Pair-wise/preference ranking 84 References and sources 86 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za v Figure 1 Geographical location of the five intervention sites in Botswana 5 Figure 2 Geographical location of the two intervention sites in South Africa 15 Figure 3 Geographical location of the eight interventions sites in Zimbabwe 21 v LIST OF FIGURES Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za vi In 2002, the WK Kellogg Foundation commissioned the HSRC to manage the conceptualisation and implementation of a research-driven, evidence-based intervention programme to assist children, households and communities affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe. The main purpose of the project is to develop ‘models of best practice’ that will underly and facilitate the development of community- driven strategies to respond to the increasing burden of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Africa. The project has four focus areas and a series of goals, each with a set of deliverables. 1 This publication is one in a series that forms part of the key deliverables for Goal B of the project. In terms of this goal, the documentation of the interventions implemented by the different partners participating in the project is key to the process of determining what works and what therefore constitute ‘models of best practice’ in each project focus area. This report provides a detailed summary of the various interventions implemented across Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe in all four focus areas, namely: • Home-based child-centred development programmes; • Family and household support programmes; • Strengthening of community-support systems and; • HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy and policy programmes. The publication is a sequel to an earlier HSRC publication on the same subject (Dlamini 2004). While the earlier publication focused on a select number of interventions, this publication reports on all interventions that form part of this project in all three countries so far. The information provides the raw material for the next phases of the project, and will eventually lead to the development of best practice models for community-driven care of OVC. PREFACE 1 For more information, refer to the Operational Framework to Implement Strategy for the Care of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe (HSRC 2004). Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za vii This publication was made possible through the professional and technical contributions of the following researchers from HSRC and its various partner organisations. Botswana: Partner organisation: The Masiela Trust – Reba Phakedi, Gao Mosweu, Keeme Mokgadi and Tselanngwe Matlhaku South Africa: Research team: Leickness Simbayi and Donald Skinner Partner organisation: The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund – Tshepo Mdwaba, Jacky Lingalo and Meacala Vosloo. Zimbabwe: Research team: Shungu Munyati, Brian Chandiwana, S Rusakaniko, F Mupambirei, S Mahati, J Mutsvangwa, N Chimbindi, T Mutsvari, A T Moyana, S Gwini, S Buzuzi, K Mutambanengwe, and M Chirehwa. Partner organisation: FACT – Jephias Mundondo, Greater Nhiwatiwa, Perkins Machanganje, Rudo Chinogumira, Stewart Mudewe, Veronica Nhemachena, Ben C Mbaura, S Kabungaidze, Linda Walker, Alois Sibanda, Melta Moyo, and Mrs Dhlodhlo. We appreciate the efforts of Dr Olive Shisana, the Principal Investigator on the project, who provided overall leadership. CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za viii viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADRA Adventist Development Relief Agencies AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AREX Agriculture Research and Extension BBDT Bulilimamangwe Business Development Trust BOCAIP Botswana Christian AIDS Interventions Programme BEAM Basic Education Assistance Module BRTI Biomedical Research and Training Institute CABA Children affected by AIDS CADEC Catholic Development Association CBO Community-based organisation CDC Centres for Disease Control CCC Child care coordinator CCW Child care workers CCG Child caregivers CHH Child-headed household CIHP Centre for International Health Policy CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CRS Catholic Relief Services CWC Child welfare committee DAAC District AIDS action committee DAMSEC District AIDS Multi-Sectoral Committee DAPP Development Aid from People to People ECD Early Child Development ECEC Early Childhood Educational Certificate EHT Environmental health technician EIC Information, education and communication FACT Family AIDS Caring Trust FAMSA Family and Marriage Society of South Africa FBO Faith-based organisation FGD Focus group discussions FOST Farm Orphan Support Trust GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation HIV Human immunodeficiency virus IEC Information, education and communication IGA Income generating activity Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za ix IGP Income generating project IRDP Integrated rural development programme ISAL Internal savings and lending ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Group JAZ Junior Achievement in Zimbabwe JCR Justice for Children’s Rights KMD Kerklik Maatskaplike Diens KOSH Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartebeesfontein MAC Matebeleland AIDS Council MASO Midlands AIDS Support Organisation MOH Ministry of Health and Child Welfare NIHR National Institute of Health Research (former Blair Research Institute) NGO Non-governmental organisation NMCF Nelson Mandela Chidren’s Fund NOVIP Dutch International Development Agency OVV Oranje Vroue Vereeniging OVC Orphans and vulnerable children PLWA People living with AIDS PMTCT Prevention-of-mother-to-child transmission PRA Participation Rural Appraisal RDP Reconciliation and development programme SAT Southern African AIDS Trust SCOPP Schools and Colleges Permaculture Programme SDA Seventh Day Adventist SDC School development committee SPM Selection planning management SPW Students Partnership Worldwide SRH Sexual and reproductive health STD Sexually transmitted diseases STI Sexually transmitted infections SWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats TSURO Towards Sustainable Use of Resources Organisation UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Fund UCCSA United Congregational Church of Southern Africa USA United States of America Abbreviations and Acronyms Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za OVC Interventions in Botswana, South Africa & Zimbabwe x VAAC Village action AIDS committee VDC Village development committee VCG Voluntary caregiver VCT Voluntary counseling and testing VET Village extension teams VTC Village trust committee WAAC Ward action AIDS committee YWCA Young Women’s Christian Association ZRP Zimbabwe Republic Police Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za [...]... issues When they get to the houses, the officers find out about and take appropriate action on the following: • Household welfare issues – who is taking care of the children and the quality of their accommodation; • Health status of the children and their household This includes an assessment of the general cleanliness of the home The volunteer officers assess the general health of the children and take... caregivers and extended families of the OVC 13 OVC Interventions in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe How the project works The centre works with the VDC, the Social Welfare Department and the church in Serowe These stakeholders, in their different capacities as community service providers, identify the orphans and refer them to the centre The children who attend the pre-school are picked up by the Centre’s... numeracy and literacy; • Basic material needs such as food, clothing, shelter and recreational facilities; • Grief therapy and counselling to OVC and household; • School and homework support to the older OVC at school and at the centre How the project works The church community and the village development committee (VDC) identify OVC and refer them to the centre Every morning, the OVC are transported to the. .. nutrition is another of the focus areas of the programme 6 Chapter 2 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za The older children are provided with school fees and other education support, such as following up their progress with schoolteachers and assisting with homework The older children come to the centre at the end of the school day to do their homework and to play and interact with their peers They are... This report describes the substance of the various interventions implemented by the HSRC and its donor partners in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, as part of the researchdriven, multi-country and multi-site intervention project on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), funded by the WK Kellogg Foundation The report provides information on what is happening on the ground and also the basic data required... Botswana the tradition is to not tell children about the death of their parents, leaving children living with uncertainty, often blaming themselves and believing that their parents have abandoned them Partners and their roles The centre works closely with the church, the village committees and government departments It is supported by some local individuals and businesses The table below highlights the. .. OVC and households, over the long term How the project is organised The HSRC has identified a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) to serve as the grant maker and the lead implementer of the project in each country The grant maker selects community-based organisations (CBOs) to participate in the project and implement the interventions CBOs are selected on the basis of the objectives of the project. .. Individuals and the business community Donation of clothes, blankets, food How the project is monitored The project is monitored through weekly/monthly visits and reports by the centre coordinator and Masiela Trust Fund OVC site officer The Masiela Trust Fund project manager carries out spot checks at the project sites, to assess whether the funds and resources allocated are being used as intended and to... to the children and their families and educate the community on orphan care issues Every three months they have psychosocial camps The aim of these camps is to provide the children with an opportunity to grow healthy, boost their confidence, and help them adapt well in their environment At these camps they are taught basic lifeskills The centre also works with the community through the village development... their technical skills Parastatal organisations, individuals and the business community Donations of clothes, blankets, food How the project is monitored The project is monitored through weekly/monthly visits and reports by the centre coordinator and Masiela Trust Fund OVC site officer The Masiela Trust Fund project manager carries out spot checks at the project sites, to assess whether the funds and . research- driven, multi-country and multi-site intervention project on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), funded by the WK Kellogg Foundation. The report provides. OVC and refer them to the centre. Every morning, the OVC are transported to the centre. At the centre, they are bathed if needed, and given a uniform. They