Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders potx

[...]... number of cells, an increased size of cells, or accumulation of a metabolic byproduct or abnormal substance due to an inborn error of metabolism It is possible that more than one of these processes may explain megalencephaly in a given individual There is variability in age of onset, symptoms present, rate of progression, and severity of megalencephaly The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. .. Associate Professor Clinical Neurosciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA Joel C Kahane, PhD Professor, Director of the Anatomical Sciences Laboratory The School of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology The University of Memphis Memphis, TN GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Roy Sucholeiki, MD Professor, Director of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program Department of Neurology... of similar electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radio waves), make subtle yet distinguishable changes when the resonance is forced to change by altering the energy of impacting photons The speed and extent of the resonance changes permit a nondestructive (because of the use of low energy photons) determination of anatomical structures This form of NMR GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 513 Megalencephaly... and S Naidu “Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts.” Journal of Child Neurology 18 (September 2003): 646–52 WEBSITES The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Megalencephaly Information Page The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Cephalic Disorders Fact... accumulation of fluid in the brain), and brain edema Megalencephaly may be an isolated finding in an otherwise normal individual or it can occur in association with neurological problems (such as seizures or mental retardation) and/or somatic abnormalities (physical GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Autosomal dominant A pattern of inheritance in which only one of the two copies of an autosomal... The incidence of megalencephaly is estimated at between 2% and 6% There is a preponderance of affected males; megalencephaly affects males three to four times more often than it does females Among individuals with macrocephaly, estimates of megalencephaly are between 10 and 30% Hemimegalencephaly is a rare condition and occurs less frequently than megalencephaly sisting of a complex of proteins and... Report on the Effects of Melodic Intonation Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Persian Aphasic GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Key Terms Aphasia Loss of the ability to use or understand language, usually as a result of brain injury or disease Apraxia Loss of the ability to carry out a voluntary movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function Pitch The property of sound that is... electrocochleography (ECoG) This test involves the placement of a recording electrode close to GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Audiologist A healthcare professional who specializes in diagnostic testing of hearing impairments and rehabilitation of patients with hearing problems Labyrinthectomy Surgical removal of the labyrinth of the ear It is done to treat Ménière’s disease only when the... mentally retarded at a 1.5:1 ratio GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Causes A variety of problems can lead to mental retardation The three most common causes of mental retardation, accounting for about 30% of cases, are Down syndrome, fragile X, and fetal alcohol syndrome In about 40% of cases, the cause of mental retardation cannot be found The causes of mental retardation can be divided... similar to the adult form of the disease Adult MLD begins after the age of 20 (ranges 16–30 years) and presents mainly with emotional disturbances and psychiatric symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of psychosis Disorders of movement and posture appear later Dementia (loss of mental capacity), seizures, and decreased visual function also occur GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Autosomal recessive . providers. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS xi FrontMatter2.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page xi INTRODUCTION The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders (GEND). Brazil GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS xix Contributors FrontMatter2.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page xix GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 511 AM ❙ Machado-Joseph