Implants in Clinical Dentistry pdf

[...]... healing before loading can commence This has not limited the variety of protocols advocated, including: • • • Delayed loading (for 3–6 months) Early loading (e.g at 6 weeks) Immediate loading 20 IMPLANTS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY Delayed loading This has been the traditional approach and has much to commend it because it is tried, tested and predictable Following installation of an implant, all loading... 651–63 Bain CA (1996) Smoking and implant failure—benefit of a smoking cessation protocol Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 11: 756–9 Bain CA, Moy PK (1993) The association between the failure of dental implants and cigarette smoking Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 8: 609–15 Brånemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T (1985) Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Brown D (1997) All... controlled adequately In studies on ST restorations, the crowns are usually kept out of contact in intercuspal and lateral excursions, thereby almost eliminating functional loading until a definitive crown is provided In contrast, fixed bridgework allows connection of multiple implants, providing good splinting and stabilization, and therefore has been tested in immediate loading protocols, with some... process leading to and maintaining osseointegration is dependent upon the following factors, which will be considered in more detail in the subsequent sections: • • • • • • Biocompatibility Implant design Submerged and non-submerged protocols Bone factors Loading conditions Prosthetic loading considerations Biocompatibility Most current dental implants (including all systems considered in this book)... comparison between the systems is clinically and radiographically very small (less than 1 mm at baseline values) and the maintenance of bone levels thereafter is very similar, with all systems reporting highly effective longterm maintenance of bone levels The differences reported in longitudinal trials are not sufficient to recommend one system over another 18 IMPLANTS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY 1 2 B 3 4 A C Figure... less in diameter in normal quality bone and 0.15 mm narrower in hard or dense bone The single tooth (ST: Astra Meditec AB, Mölndal, Figure 1.4 Figure 1.3 A narrow-diameter (3.3 mm) Nobel Biocare implant being installed in a narrow maxillary lateral incisor space AstraTech implants showing the various diameters and designs available The standard implants of 3.5 and 4.0 mm are on the left and the single... systems being used in either a submerged or nonsubmerged fashion even though they were primarily designed for one or the other This can, therefore, be somewhat confusing and there may be some advantage in using a system in the manner for which it was originally devised, i.e if you wish to use a non-submerged protocol why not choose a system that was designed for this purpose? 16 IMPLANTS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY. .. maintenance of osseointegration and possibly increased bone to implant contact In contrast, excessive loading may lead to bone loss and/or component failure Clinical loading conditions are largely dependent upon the factors described below, which are dealt with in more detail in Chapters 13–15 Early loading A number of systems now advocate a healing period of just 6 weeks before loading This has been... encountered in most patients’ jaws 8 IMPLANTS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY Implant shape Various shapes are used by different manufacturers: • Brånemark implants are solid screws (3.3, 3.75, 4, 5 or 5.5 mm in diameter) with a thread pitch of 0.6 mm (Figures 1.2 and 1.3) The implants Figure 1.2 The latest design of Nobel Biocare implant (based on the original Brånemark concept) has a self-tapping end The standard implants. .. adequately in clinical trials and nor has the compliance of the patients The chance of the quitter relapsing is disappointingly high and some patients will try to hide the fact that they are still smoking It should also be noted that reported mean implant failure rates are not evenly distributed throughout the patient population Rather, implant failures are more likely to cluster in certain individuals In . class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Implants in Clinical Dentistry