ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 BY JESSE WALTER FEWKES pot

ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 BY JESSE WALTER FEWKES CONTENTS Page Introductory note 527 Plan of the expedition 529 Ruins in Verde valley 536 Classification of the ruins 536 Cavate dwellings 537 Montezuma Well 546 Cliff houses of the Red-rocks 548 Ruins near Schürmann's ranch 550 Palatki 553 Honanki 558 Objects found at Palatki and Honanki 569 Conclusions regarding the Verde valley ruins 573 Ruins in Tusayan 577 General features 577 The Middle Mesa ruins 582 Shuñopovi 582 Mishoñinovi 582 Chukubi 583 Payüpki 583 The East Mesa ruins 585 Küchaptüvela and Kisakobi 585 Küküchomo 586 Kachinba 589 Tukinobi 589 Jeditoh valley ruins 589 Awatobi 592 Characteristics of the ruin 592 Nomenclature of Awatobi 594 Historical knowledge of Awatobi 595 Legend of the destruction of Awatobi 603 Evidences of fire in the destruction 606 The ruins of the mission 606 The kivas of Awatobi 611 Old Awatobi 614 Rooms of the western mound 614 Smaller Awatobi 617 Mortuary remains 617 Shrines 619 Pottery 621 Stone implements 625 Bone objects 627 Miscellaneous objects 628 Ornaments in the form of birds and shells 628 Clay bell 628 Textile fabrics 629 Prayer-sticks—Pigments 630 Objects showing Spanish influence 631 [Pg 522]The ruins of Sikyatki 631 Traditional knowledge of the pueblo 631 Nomenclature 636 Former inhabitants of Sikyatki 636 General features 637 The acropolis 643 Modern gardens 646 The cemeteries 646 Pottery 650 Characteristics—Mortuary pottery 650 Coiled and indented ware 651 Smooth undecorated ware 652 Polished decorated ware 652 Paleography of the pottery 657 General features 657 Human figures 660 The human hand 666 Quadrupeds 668 Reptiles 671 Tadpoles 677 Butterflies or moths 678 Dragon-flies 680 Birds 682 Vegetal designs 698 The sun 699 Geometric figures 701 Interpretation of the figures 701 Crosses 702 Terraced figures 703 The crook 703 The germinative symbol 704 Broken lines 704 Decorations on the exterior of food bowls 705 Pigments 728 Stone objects 729 Obsidian 732 Necklaces, gorgets, and other ornaments 733 Tobacco pipes 733 Prayer-sticks 736 Marine shells and other objects 739 Perishable contents of mortuary food bowls 741 FOOTNOTES APPENDIX 743 INDEX 745 [Pg 523] ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE XCIa. Cavate dwellings—Rio Verde 537 XCIb. Cavate dwellings—Oak creek 539 XCII. Entrances to cavate ruins 541 XCIII. Bowlder with pictographs near Wood's ranch 545 XCIV. Montezuma Well 547 XCV. Cliff house, Montezuma Well 549 XCVI. Ruin on the brink of Montezuma Well 551 XCVII. Pictographs near Cliff ranch, Verde valley 553 XCVIII. The Red-rocks; Temple canyon 555 XCIX. Palatki (Ruin I) 557 C. Palatki (Ruin I) 559 CI. Front wall of Palatki (Ruin II) 561 CII Honanki (Ruin II) 563 CIII. Walls of Honanki 565 CIV. Approach to main part of Honanki 567 CV. Map of the ruins of Tusayan 583 CVI. The ruins of Küküchomo 587 CVII. Ground plan of Awatobi 603 CVIII. Ruins of San Bernardino de Awatobi 607 CIX. Excavations in the western mound of Awatobi 615 CX. Excavated room in the western mound of Awatobi 617 CXI. Vase and mugs from the western mounds of Awatobi 618 CXII. Paint pots, vase, and dipper from Awatobi 620 CXIII. Pottery from intramural burial at Awatobi 622 CXIV. Bone implements from Awatobi and Sikyatki 626 CXV. Sikyatki mounds from the Kanelba trail 637 CXVI. Ground plan of Sikyatki 639 CXVII. Excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki 643 CXVIII. Plan of excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki 644 CXIX. Coiled and indented pottery from Sikyatki 650 CXX. Saucers and slipper bowls from Sikyatki 652 CXXI. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 654 CXXII. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 654 CXXIII. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 657 CXXIV. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 660 CXXV. Flat dippers and medicine box from Sikyatki 662 CXXVI. Double-lobe vases from Sikyatki 664 CXXVII. Unusual forms of vases from Sikyatki 666 CXXVIII. Medicine box and pigment pots from Sikyatki 668 CXXIX. Designs on food bowls from Sikyatki 670 CXXX. Food bowls with figures of quadrupeds from Sikyatki 672 CXXXI. Ornamented ladles from Sikyatki 674 CXXXII. Food bowls with figures of reptiles from Sikyatki 676 CXXXIII. Bowls and dippers with figures of tadpoles, birds, etc., from Sikyatki 676 [Pg 524]CXXXIV. Food bowls with figures of sun, butterfly, and flower, from Sikyatki 676 CXXXV. Vases with figures of butterflies from Sikyatki 678 CXXXVI. Vases with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 678 CXXXVII. Vessels with figures of human hand, birds, turtle, etc., from Sikyatki 680 CXXXVIII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 682 CXXXIX. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 684 CXL. Figures of birds from Sikyatki 686 CXLI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 688 CXLII. Vases, bowls, and ladle with figures of feathers from Sikyatki 688 CXLIII. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLIV. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLV. Vases with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLVI. Bowls and potsherd with figures of birds from Sikyatki 692 CXLVII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 692 CXLVIII. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki 694 CXLIX. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki 694 CL. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 696 CLI. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 696 CLII. Food bowls with bird, feather, and flower symbols from Sikyatki 698 CLIII. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 698 CLIV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLVI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLVII. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 702 CLVIII. Food bowls with figures of sun and related symbols from Sikyatki 702 CLIX. Cross and related designs from Sikyatki 704 CLX. Cross and other symbols from Sikyatki 704 CLXI. Star, sun, and related symbols from Sikyatki 704 CLXII. Geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 706 CLXIII. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 708 CLXIV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 710 CLXV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 714 CLXVI. Linear figures on food bowls from Sikyatki 718 CLXVII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi 722 CLXVIII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi 726 CLXIX. Arrowshaft smoothers, selenite, and symbolic corn from Sikyatki 728 CLXX. Corn grinder from Sikyatki 730 CLXXI. Stone implements from Palatki, Awatobi, and Sikyatki 732 CLXXII. Paint grinder, fetish, lignite, and kaolin disks from Sikyatki 734 CLXXIII. Pipes, bell, clay birds, and shells from Awatobi and Sikyatki 736 CLXXIV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki 738 CLXXV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki 738 FIGURE 245. Plan of cavate dwelling on Rio Verde 540 246. Casa Montezuma on Beaver creek 552 247. Ground plan of Palatki (Ruins I and II) 554 248. Ground plan of Honanki 559 249. The main ruin of Honanki 562 250. Structure of wall of Honanki 564 251. Stone implement from Honanki 571 252. Tinder tube from Honanki 572 253. Küküchomo 587 [Pg 525]254. Defensive wall on the East Mesa 588 255. Ground plan of San Bernardino de Awatobi 608 256. Structure of house wall of Awatobi 615 257. Alosaka shrine at Awatobi 620 258. Shrine at Awatobi 621 259. Shrine at Awatobi 621 260. Shrine at Awatobi 621 261. Clay bell from Awatobi 629 262. The acropolis of Sikyatki 644 263. War god shooting an animal (fragment of food bowl) 665 264. Mountain sheep 669 265. Mountain lion 670 266. Plumed serpent 672 267. Unknown reptile 674 268. Unknown reptile 675 269. Unknown reptile 676 270. Outline of plate CXXXV, b 678 271. Butterfly design on upper surface of plate CXXXV, b 679 272. Man-eagle 683 273. Pendent feather ornaments on a vase 690 274. Upper surface of vase with bird decoration 691 275. Kwataka eating an animal 692 276. Decoration on the bottom of plate CXLVI, f 694 277. Oblique parallel line decoration 706 278. Parallel lines fused at one point 706 279. Parallel lines with zigzag arrangement 706 280. Parallel lines connected by middle bar 707 281. Parallel lines of different width; serrate margin 707 282. Parallel lines of different width; median serrate 707 [...]... provinces.[11] Kinnazinde lies not far from Kintiel The ruins reported from Tonto Basin, of which little is known, may later be found to be connected with early migrations of those Hopi clans which claim southern origin From what I can judge by the present appearance of ruins just north of the Mogollon mountains, in a direct line between Tonto Basin and the present Tusayan towns, there is nothing to. .. I have supplied the missing links in the chain of ancient dwellings extending from the great towns of the Gila to the ruins west of the modern Tusayan towns If this line of ruins, continuous from Gila valley to Tusayan and beyond, be taken in connection with legends ascribing Casa Grande to the Hopi and those of certain Tusayan clans which tell of the homes of their ancestors in the south, a plausible... the Hopi, decimated by disease and harried by nomads, sent delegates to Prescott asking to be removed to Tonto Basin, and it is not improbable that in making this reasonable request they simply wished to return to a place which they associated with their ancestors, who had been driven out by the Apache Totonteac[12] is ordinarily thought to be the same as Tusayan, but it may have included some of the... was overthrown in prehistoric times, and at its destruction part of its people went to Awatobi Its culture was prehistoric The discovery of what these two ruins teach, by bringing prehistoric Tusayan culture down to the present time and comparing them with the ruins of Verde valley and southern Arizona, is of great archeological interest While engaged in preparing this report, having in fact written... pueblos The remaining types, when rightly interpreted, furnish evidence of no less important character Notwithstanding Mindeleff's excellent descriptions of the cavate dwellings of this region, already cited, I have thought it well to bring into prominence certain features which seem to me to indicate that this form of aboriginal dwelling was high in its development, showing considerable skill in its construction,... parallel lines 726 350 Triangles, squares, and terraces 726 351 Bifurcated rectangular design 727 352 Lines of life and triangles 727 353 Infolded triangles 727 354 Human hand 728 355 Animal paw, limb, and triangle 728 356 Kaolin disk 729 357 Mortuary prayer-stick 736 [Pg 527] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 By JESSE WALTER FEWKES INTRODUCTORY NOTE About the close of May, 1895, I was invited to. .. Smithsonian Institution, for the opportunity to study the ancient ruins of Tusayan Nothing had a greater influence on my final decision to abandon other congenial work and undertake this, than my profound respect for the late Dr G Brown Goode, who suggested the expedition to me and urged me to plan and undertake it JESSE WALTER FEWKES Washington, May, 1897 [Pg 529] PLAN OF THE EXPEDITION It seemed to me in. .. pueblos now in ruins west of Zuñi Having determined that the line of Verde ruins was continued into the Red-rock country, it was desirable to see how the latter compared with those nearer Tusayan This necessitated reexamination of many ruins in Verde valley, which was my aim during the most of June I followed this valley from the cavate dwellings near Squaw mountain past the great ruin in the neighborhood... "occupied by the ruins of stone houses, which were in some instances three stories in height They are evidently," he says, "the remains of a large town, as they occurred at intervals for an extent of eight or nine miles, and the ground was thickly strewn with fragments of pottery in all directions." In 1884 a portion of Colonel James Stevenson's expedition, under F D Bickford, examined the cliff houses in. .. points inaccessible, entrance to the majority of them can be effected by mounting the heaps of small stones forming the débris, which has fallen even to the bed of the river at various places, and by following a ledge which connects the line of entrances The easiest approach mounts a steep decline, not far from the promontory at the lower level of the line, which conducts to a ledge running along in . ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 BY JESSE WALTER FEWKES CONTENTS Page Introductory note 527 Plan of the expedition 529 Ruins in. 356. Kaolin disk 729 357. Mortuary prayer-stick 736 [Pg 527] ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895 By JESSE WALTER FEWKES INTRODUCTORY NOTE