Preface Contents Chapter] Introduction we(lp†0llasaiondidl c8 meh : Ll 12 13 14 1.5
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Compeient.esigtt SN sl1o2iố 60004 nh vâ Ẩ Âo v mg sex sđu Ptoblerd-Solying SKÚl - ssesssscoia DU UẲ Quản: kiểu: luyến s weg
Why Start with Transmission Lines First?
Review of Transient and Harmonic Analysis Techniques and the Use of Complex Variables sac: cszesixxf2ii>ax6sv EU Ví SẼ săi 8ö Addendum 1Đ Transientand Harmonic Analysis of Linear Šystems ‹ -.‹- 1A.I 1A.2 1A.3 1A4 1A.5 1A.6 1A.7 THHOQBEUHÔN, - sao rat [ ban v2 C18 4g a2 401202314720 3 30 u89 E 2E k3 Time Domain and Frequency Domain
SUATES AIG ARES «sua uđố bó h4 «suy sn acannon’ fa eee Gp WS Se ges Phasors and Frequency-Domain (Harmonic) Analysis
Use of Phasors in Circuit Analysis (in the Frequency Domain)
Demonstration of Circuit Analysis in the Frequency Domain
1A.6.1 Starting with the Time-Domain Form
1A.6.2 Starting with the Frequency-Domain Form
The Frequency Domain and the Laplace Transform _
Addendum1B The Mystery of/ and lImaginaryNumbers
Chapter2 Transmission Lines—Wave Equations TT NT el 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 df 2.8 29 2.10 2.11 212 TRRROCUCHGE 2 fiptalss ex wuslail idpped laaniend wehbe ĐẪn r2 pae302106144 Transmission Line Analysis (Theory)_
Circuit Theory Analysis of a Two-Conductor Controlled Geometry TL is sabes naw ds vaared dowomdwns SMa towne veces an eee BC NHDđồI, s‹a 42922584624 kbasifebel,deoEssMlsesecxessl Transmission Line Circuit Analysis Using the Distributed RLGC Model: vines cds medantiaren rawmmtensS ấu di rrbat ie Kka hn: Steady-State Harmonic Analysis: “|, nails ducide dhersaneisnaarer eu eas ZBL SOTO „a»sxem + /Ae30Ou 30 1Bausszmasasotratassila RE biếu, THNEIWNIB 2201xxx/)056ebsveansbik lễ sxsa2sessissksebsiie 3.63 Caseo[lLossless LLÍR =Úand =0): si: 246vvii c.a
Physical Implications of Solutions: 0, ổ, Đ, and eụ
Physical Implications of $olutions: ÿ Z„, V”, and V—
Physical Impllcalans 066 luönN6Ï” s:/¿ssïisvv-0011 10 6L ca sat Two Special Cases: The Infinite Line and the Matched Load Line
Standing Waves and Standing Wave Ratio
AA Standing Wave Rate (2 (cesses ls saan wis cas vane te 2.11.2 Standing Wave Maxima and Minima
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2.13 The Issues ofReflections and Standing Waves
28:2 MStfðÐSIDEINNES °66n0d000001 002227000) 000
2/015 Ñfmel']piWG 066781181 m mien
2.14 Combined Power and Signal Delivery Constraints
Addendum 2A DrivingPointlmpedance - cĂ con HHnHnHn ng ưu 2A.1 TL Driving Point Impedance and Input Impedance .,
Di Tom SPeclal Cases racer een gre er Ne ee ns sig ches Lis vee ve Addendum 2B Impedance Matching .ssssesseeseeseneeeeeeeseeerereensneseseeeneneaseeensneass OR How to, Achieve Matching $70.04 Walid lo cass 2B.2, 1-P1.1.MatchingiNebWorks 51110041 11190 0100 cu ch ca câi 283.1.Stubi MIAtehinb, de 30 bo 80M IÍ( VAO NHI cE TL cuc, 2B.4 The Quarter Wave Transformer as a Matching Network
2B.5 The Half Wave Transformer as a Matching Network
Addendum 2C The Frequency-Domain Bounce Diagram
Addendum2D TheTime-Domain Bounce Diagram _ -
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2D.2 Time-Domain Bounce Diagram for Lossless Lines and Resistive WISCOMUMUIMES re tee, freee SE is cas uw h ay qe pe aan pwn eo + 2D.3 Time-Domain Reflectometry and the Bounce Diagram
2D.4 Time-Domain Reflectometry for Ideal Step Waveform Excitations
2D.5 Time-Domain Reflectometry for Ideal Dirac-Delta Impulse Waveform Excitations Addendum 2E 0 thị tiIu[8 hit TT TỡổCốẽ.Ũ
PU tMmmehitdioil vẽ nha D5 006 n0 1 ee 2E.2.1 The Magnitude of the Reflection Coefficient (|T |) Scale
2E.2.2 The Phase Angle of the Reflection Coefficient (ZI") Scale 2E.2.3 Normalized Distance Moved Scale
2E.3 Transmission Line Trace on the Smith Chart 2E.3.1 Case of Lossless TL, a=0 2E.3.2 Case of Lossy TL, #0 2E.4 How Does the Smith Chart Work? PE Erle otanting wit A(z Ord OO A) VP nes be cnc pac ene es 2E.4.2 Starting with the I(zor đ) Phasor -
2E.4.3 Finding Ƒ'(z, or đ,) [and Z(z, or d,)] Knowing I’ (z, or d,)
D2171 070/11 sake AON LO eames
2E.4.4 Special Case (Lossless TL), a=0
2E.5 The Admittance Smith Chart 0e0cccccccccccececcccececcececues 2E.6 Smith Chart Features and Short Cuts
2E.7 Matching Using the Smith Chart
Chapter 2 Problems
Chapter 2 Summary 99 92090290900060009090090000060690000000000090900000000000000060609060666 Chapter3 Transition to Electrostatics
Trang 5Contents
Addendum 3A (oordinateŠystems ccẰ nh nhe nhe nền nhe g 94
3A.1 Introduction ccc nh nh nh nh nh nh nh hi khinh ng 94 3A.2_ The Cartesian Coordinate Šyšsfem -‹ + nen nen hen 94
3A.3 The Cylindrical Coordinate System -‹ + chì nnìn 97 3A.4 The Spherical Coordinate System -. ‹ -‹ che hnhn 99
3A.5 Relationships between Coordinate Šystems . - +: 101 3A.6 Vector EXpresSi0nS c con hen nen nen nh hen ng 101
Midendum3B Vedtor(alculusand Vector ldentities -: -<<-*+< ch hhhhhhhhhhtheenheeh 102
3B.1 Vector Defnition and Examples -:© -+ + nh 102
3B.2 Vector Representations in Coordinate Šystems ‹ + 103
3B.2.1 Vector Representation in a Cartesian Coordinate System 103 3B.2.2 Vector Representation for a General Form Vector - +.+- 104 3B.2.3 Vector Representation in Cylindrical Coordinates .- 104
3B.2.4 Vector Representation in Spherical Coordinates .-. -: 105
3B.3 Vector Operations cceseeeseeesereencntngersereneetentonsres 106
Addendum 3C 5patialDistributionsand Densities -++ *+++teeeretttnreeetreeree 108
3C.1 Static Distributions and Densities «0.0 see eee eect eee e tenn etnies 108 3C.2 Conversions between Static Density Expressions -‹‹ 109 3C.3 Dynamic Distributions and Densities + +++eeereereres sete ees 110 3C.4 Conversions between Dynamic Density Expressions - - - - - 111 Addendum30 Line,Surface,andVolume lntegrations - - -+=*+*****$ nh hhhthtteth 111
SDT THtreduction /:.⁄/2vx02(216<ccccczc tt nen 22569105990 08056 T9 SE 11
3D.2 Integrating Vector Quantities - + nen nh nen hen lll
3D.3 Integrating Scalar Quantities © sss sees eee ee esse seer tent ee sess 113 3D.4 Examples of Work and Energy Integratlons -.-‹-‹-‹-‹ 114
Chapter4 Electrostatic Fields: Electric Flux and 6auss law _ sale deealcasat seen
4.1 The Electric Charge .sseseeeetesenrenrensesesanennererencs 116 4.2 Charge Distributions and Charge Densities -‹ -‹©‹: 117
Â3 - Electric EluX ¿cv <c22/⁄⁄4962/900X6/XL NN Re nc nla class 118
4.4 Faradays Concentric Spheres Experiment ‹-‹‹‹‹ccccccị 120 4.5 Electric FluxDensity -cc că nen nh nhe nh nh nh th 121 4.6 Gauss’ Law: The Integral Form sess eee eect eee reese eee cease 122 4.7 Application of Gauss’ Law in the Integral Form: Electric Flux due to
Symmetrical Charge Distributions -‹-++-c+ +: 124
4.8 Gauss’ Law in the Point Form (Differential FOLM)) se 128
4.8.1 Point Form versus [ntegral Form - 128 4.8.2 Cartesian Coordinates Differential Form of Gauss Law 129 4.9 The Divergence Theorem 1 sss eerste tere rs tees ee ee este ta ees 132 4.10 Application of Gausỷ Law in the Point Form -‹-c‹ccccị 132
Addendum4A Application of the Integral Form of Gauss’ Law to Symmetrical Charge Distributions 135
4A.1 Electric Flux Distributions for Charges of Spherical Symmetries
(No Variations with or @) oss seeeeeee nent nent eerste eee et et ee es 135
4A.1.1 Case of Point Charge q Located at the Origin
(Notice, We Use q or AQ for Point Charge Notation) 137
4A.1.2 Case of Spherical Surface Charge Distribution with
Uniform pe |ceniot selon nal đm (c1 1536 eee es 138
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4A.1.3 Case of Spherical Shell Charge Distribution with p,
WVanyinpiwitnrOnly, 02 MovomMena IAL 6 139 4A.1.4 Case of Spherical Volume Charge Distribution with p,
Varying withtmOniyinioe Viaswoa all LAL cs 140
4A.2 Electric Flux Distributions for Charges of Cylindrical Symmetries
(NO Variationsiwithiipong)io.! manwisd vyldaneelsd 2M 6 ec 14] 4A.2.1 Case of an Infinite Line Charge Uniformly Stretched
CLOT DAL EARS 6 SS ee bó ốc 143
4A.2.2 Case of an Infinite Height Cylindrical Surface Charge
Distribution with Uniform p, (or Ø,) 144
44.2.3 Case of a Cylindrical Shell of Charge Distribution with
Infinite Height and p, Varying withp Only 145 4A.2.4 Case of “Full” Cylindrical Charge Distribution with
Infinite Height and p, Varying with p Only 146 4A.3 Electric Flux Distributions for Charges of Planar Symmetries
UNG WWaraOns WINX OUP) ii ssaicxeitvaronssansuo canssnetswseacs 147 44.3.1 Case of Planar Surface Charge Distribution with Constant Ps
(No Variations with x or y), with Infinite Extension in
Bothecdndty Coordinates’ 400) 79000 Bacco ccc 148 44.3.2 Case of Planar “Slab” of Charge Distribution with p, Varying
with z Only (No Variations with x or y), Again with
iantute mandy tensions, ice is ain seeder nsioW + +61 sata 150 44.4 Flux Density Distribution in Some Familiar Combinations of
3ymmetrical Charge Distributions 153 4A.4.1 Two Concentric Spherical Surfaces (Spherical Capacitor) 153 44.4.2 Two Coaxial Cylindrical Surfaces (Cylindrical Capacitor/
Coaxial Capacitor/Coaxial Transmission Line) 154 44.4.3 Two Parallel Planar Surfaces (Planar Capacitor/Parallel
Plateiapaciton is XAMI3.M119A13;2014143/06426x1asl3, „.Ỉ 3eigs¿ 155
eM Re cri eet ec canaaaus 156
Chapter 4 DI HAT 2 2 122cc v(56001/2 cn So's 'g coin ved View Geox oun van saw ewes 159
Chapter5 Electric Force, Field, Energy, and Potential Su nh: UG ae al Mới 2U cU OF cows 164
52/02 mlDniet To: xe teietansi A002 BA 164
S0 17117 170 7095) 0JNUỚ(C 166
5-4 Electric Field Evaluation Using the “Incrementation” Scheme 168 3.5 Electric Field due to Famous Examples of Charge Distributions 169
5.5.1 Case of Charges Distributed Uniformly in a Finite Length
Bey esh een ae cee saussnosnmsan si ¥ete 169 5.5.2 Case of Charges Distributed Uniformly in an Infinite
Benatingiraiphtl bined tenvel livpstai-aiidowiitenilngs Akmubne 172
26 Energy in a Systenmen Chargesiin iil, xy oi sooldevdefdesuesvnes eee iz
9.7 Examples of Energy ina SystemiofCharges : : - 175 5.7.1 Energy ina System of Point HAY DI ÍuifwarsavvLre te eee 175
a at Energy in Other Forms of Charge Distributions .+- 176
h €ctric Potential 177
Trang 7Contents 5.9 PotentialiGradient, cm cssaaes vec sas emlo cette vette: ¥ 0/7) 0° 179
5.10 Electric Potential Evaluation Using the “Incrementation’ Scheme 181
5.11 Conservative Nature of Electrostatic Potential 182
5.12 Energy Density in Electrostatic Fields - 183
Addendum 5A EFlectricField due to Famous Examples of Charge Distributions -.-. -: 185
5A.1 Charges Distributed Uniformly in a Circular Ring - 185
5A.2 Charges Distributed Uniformly in a Circular Disc - 187
5A.3 Alternative Integration Approaches to the Finite Disc Case .- 189
5A.4 Charges Distributed Uniformly in an Infinitely Extended Sheet of Charges (Figure 5A.6) .-cc che 191 5A.5 Important Remark .:cscseesatecesaeeereserecerncerecses 192 Addendum 5B _ Electric Potential (and Field) due to Famous Examples of Charge Distributions .+ 192
5B.1 Charges Distributed Uniformly in a Circular Ring - 192
5B.2 Charges Distributed Uniformly in a Circular Disc (Figure 5B.2) 193
5B.3 Electric Dipole (Field and Potential) - 194
Chapter 5 Problems_ - << nọ nh nh kÝ nh nh nh t 197 (hapter 5 §ummary _ -.‹-.‹‹ccccc nnnỲ nh nh nh hoc 203 (hapter6 Materials: Conductors and DielectriG v6 6244885558180 1007202 61 HIrOdUEHOD -+:iraxcso2atsmssehaeaEtsaas t9 20021070616 11011k 206 62-:GHdHGLOES:- '22211265/7156660571/8SS1EEÿNV LH TPE T119 011779 rt 207 6.2.1 Conductors under Static Conditions - 207
6.2.2 Conductors under Dynamic Conditions 207
6.3 Electric Currentand Current Densities - 208
6.4 The Continuity Equation . -< << 209 6.5 Conductivity and Resistance {nằee nhe 210 6.5.1 Power Dissipated due to Conductivity/Resistivity 211
6.5.2 Resistance and Conductance - 211
6.5.3 The Resistance as a Circuit Element - 212
6.6 Dielectrics (Insulators) and Polarization - 213
6.6.1 The Polarization Vector che 214 6.6.2 Energy in Dielectric Polarizatlon 217
6.7 CApACÍADC€ on nh nh nh nh ni kh nh nh ng 218 6.7.1 The Capacitance as a Circuit Element - 219
68 Boundary Conditions c ch nh he heo 224 6.8.1 Dielectric-Dielectric Interface - 224
6.8.2 Surface Charges at the Interface: Free and Bound (PolarizafOH): «(042x926 he Gieeerats impels 8 226 6.8.3 Conductor-Conductor Interface - 228
6.8.4 Conductor-Dielectric Interface -.- 229
Addendum6A Resistance Evaluafion - -c sen nh nh nh nh kh nh nh kh bu 230 6A.1 TResistanee Evaluation- - -‹.-.-7:/7775/02/001 05, 8962/2000 0-0 230 6A.1.1 Using Vand J for Resistance Evaluation [Equation (6.19)] [0.)20000 SARI SAB cicie eae 230 6A.1.2 Using AR for Resistance Evaluation [Equation (6A.1)] .- 230
6A.2 Coaxial Cable Transmission Line R and G, Parameters 232
6A.2.1 Conductance of TL Insulator, Gypp sess sees eee e eee eens 233
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Addendum 6B Capacitance Evaluation ssseseseseeeeeeeeseessseeneeeeeeseseeaneeeeessseeen eens
6blm@apacitancelevaluaviony AGAMA 2W094694.3181492 (HH
6B.1.1 Using Vand ự for Capacitance Evaluation
6B.1.2 Using AC for Capacitance Evaluation
6B.2 Examples of “Controlled Geometry” Capacitances
GB 2eanParalleliplate Capacitance: văi a2 22 vapicny anes vase
Addendum 6C Resistors and Capacitors as Œircuit Flements
6C.1 Resistance Circuit Relationships: Current, Voltage, Power, ShQ EHCTEVE câc 0 âi 0-8 0XELL).0 010/11 19109112 ck kv ken ese cece 6C.1.1 Current-Voltage Relationship
6C.1.2 1OWer jn Resistance/Conductance
6C.1.3 Resistances/Conductances in Series
6C.1.4 Resistances/Conductances in Parallel
6C.2_ Capacitance Circuit Relationships: Current, Voltage, Power, BS Me Ve creda icles n ac ead oii wars v ov able b'sos cipide wai vo esde 6 om 6C;2:1- - Current-Voltage Relationship - : :
O22 Bower M Capacitance o's as ois x qasisasinđ Peanemesi ôcu aves oe 6C.2.3 Energy Stored in Capacitance
K2 L1 C CHÚC CHIẾN c2 (2.2002 3222-0562 csvsss Si 0 0001110 ri uc ovoxosnv vi v2 5V, đ 11341219 n9 Trẻ mẽ ẽ -
Chapter 6 Summary CTP e meee eee eee reser ee ee ee seen eee EO ee eee e ene eeeeeeeeeereseers Chapter7 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations and Solution Methods _
NT 7 cha eee aig 7.2 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations 75a) ol NGNLEO era 0) 1150) delete al DI 7.4 Demonstration of Solving Poisson's ĐỊT HO v2 ils scadenastire wietosattia's wereceral 7.5 Solving Poisson's Equation for Nonsymmetrical Charge Distributions Addendum 7A The Method of Images S99 990906909600990000006906060069000000000000606060000000900096060600000066 E00 NHelailahidi le 3/21J942y 54a 2 - 7B.1 Introduction 7B.2 7B.3 Numerical Analysis of Electrostatic Problems _
Trang 9Contents
Chapter8 MagneticFields and Flux -. - 5< <<©+<+ „ 289
8.1 Introduction s+¿¿2 402224 //00941114/010221-1.11222142 2x1 ^: 92n0000 290 8.2 Amperes Law for Magnetic Force -. ‹‹‹- << 291 8.3 Magnetic Field Intensity and Magnetic Flux Density 292
8.4 Biot-SavariLAW con nh nh như kh nh nh nă 293 8.5 Magnetic Flux and Gauss’ Law for Magnetism - 294
8.6 Ampere§ Circuital LAW cc cănh nen hen nhe 295 8.7 Magnetic Field Evaluation Schemes - 296
8.8 Magnetic Field Evaluation Using the “Incrementation” Scheme ssissssss.sGotessbvg49s1810 82-400 siôn 7c ng 296 8.8.1 Case 1: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Length Thin Straight Current-Carrying Conductor (Figure 8.8) - 296
8.8.2 Case 2: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thin Straight Current-Carrying Conductor (Figure 8.8) 298
8.8.3 Case 3: Magnetic Field due to a Thin Circular Current-Carrying Conductor (Loop) (Figure 8.13) soe ae 300 8.8.4 Case 4: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Height Circular Solenoid (Figure 8.17) esse erence teen ee eee e eens 302 8.8.5 Case 5: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Height Circular Solenoid (Figure8.17) 6 See cece nee eee 303 8.9 Magnetic Field Evaluation Using Ampere’s Circuital Law Scheme + iacev Quan 5 SAN eee | Pe GRRE CO eiert eerie ete ate 303 8.10 Category A: Magnetic Field due to Infinite Length Axial/Coaxial Current Distributions with Cylindrical Symmetries (Figure 8.19) 304
8.10.1 Case al: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thin Straight Current-Carrying Conductor (Leftof Figure 8.19) :: ((( 2220002212 305 8.10.2 Case a2: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thick Straight Current-Carrying Conductor (Center Figure 8.19) seseeneeer erect eeeeeneeeeeaees 305 8.10.3 Case a3: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Coaxial Transmission Line (Right of Figure 8.19) 306
8.11 Category B: Magnetic Field due to Planar Current Distributions with Planar Smmetries - << Ÿ nhe 308 8.11.1 Case bl: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Extension Thin Current Sheet (Figure 8.21) cssqsigess sees sere eannmienen 308 8.12 Category C: Magnetic Field due to Toroidal and Solenoidal Current Distributions with Uniform Linear Current Densities .+ 309
8.12.1 Case cl: Magnetic Field due to a Toroid (Figure 8.23) 309
8.12.2 Case c2: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Height Solenoid (Discuss Shape of Cross Section) (Figure 8.25) + 311
8.13 Magnetostatic Diferential (Point) Forms_ 312
8.13.1 Point Form ofGaus$ Law in Magnetism 312
8.13.2 Point Form of Ampere§ Circuital Law 312
8.14 Stokes’ Theorem, ‹‹.‹‹⁄55ỐỐ309552 251112432 26162060 1V V0 314 8.15 Static Form of Maxwell§ Equations -++++ + 315
8.16 Scalarand Vector Magnetic Potential -+ - 315
8.16.1 Scalar Magnetic Potential -c+ chì 315 8.16.2 Vector Magnetic Potential -©+ +**+ 316
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Addendum 8A Analogieswith ElectrostaticQuantities 2+2 317
icField Evaluation Using the “Incrementation” Scheme 318
ae a nad 1: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Length Thin Straight Gitrtent: Careyiny|CONGUCIOL rere coc serene a cue st heacces vies es iis 318 8B.2 Case 2: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thin Straight @urrent- Carrying CONGUCIOE - 71 - e¿ — 319 8B.3 Case 3: Magnetic Field due to a Thin Circular Current-Carrying €ôriductfff.LLD0D)/2 9 neo cv cay peuarss sen ¬— 320 8B.4 Case 4: Magnetic Field due to a Segment of a Thin Circular Current-Carrying Conductor (Loop)_ 322
8B.5 Case 5: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Height Circular Solenoid 323
8B.6 Case 6: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Height Circular Solenoid 325
Addendum 8C Magnetic Field Evaluation Using Ampere’s CircuitalLawScheme 326
8C.1 Case 1: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thin Straight Gurrent= Carrying Conductor isc ssees hess cedseseeccececccccecceess 326 8C.2 Case 2: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Thick Straight Current Carving COndtcton gst Hộ (ah vă xâc con sa nang 327 8C.3 Case 3: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Length Coaxial 12mm Eb2n)0i18sâ4xaxaasaezzr 7 77a 329 8C.4 Case 4: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Extension Thin Current Sheet 330
8C.5 Case 5: Magnetic Field duetoaToroid 332
8C.6 Case 6: Magnetic Field due to an Infinite Height Solenoid 335
KiapterSiroblems areca MOGI tery 337 M2521 10 1 07 t8 10m0 1T 2T 343 Chapter 9 Magnetic Materials, Magnetic Circuits, and Inductance sevee 347 Poe ee Ốc 348 9.2 Magnetic Force and NÓ Ho ee eich so sence vnceescaccesesers 348 3.2.1 Ampere§ Law for MAROC EATER ot có, vabassasvuyv seo, 348 9.2.2 Magnetic Force on Moving Charge 349
9.2.3 Magnetic Force and Torque ona Current Loop 349
9.3 Energy Stored in ‘i aU lame ne leech es VỐ: 353 9.4 Magnetic Properties of TT ca ca 2i ế 356 etc en ese ee 356 “3⁄56: 3oEotilittoiftrueidbee mem: xusina "05 TESU Anh IS 356 3-43 Dipole Moments and Magnetization Vector 356
9.4.4 peter ee 358 nê 6 ga 00 00 Cy) 00707 358 9.4.6 Residual Magnetism (Permanent IMAP IIIS 123i od as dean oe 359 ge MagieticBoundary Conditions 7 All 360 9.5.1 Interface between Two Different Magnetic Materials 360
9.5.2 Interface between Two Nonmagnetic Materials (eg., P aramagnetic/Diamagnetic with Paramagnetic/Diamagnetic) 363
Trang 11Addendum 9Ơ Addendum 9B Addendum 9¢ Chapter 10 Contents 9.6 MagneticCirCUltS cc nh nen nh n nh 364
9.6.1 Magnetic Circuit Analysis Using the Electrical
Circuit AnaÌOBV - : :/22411 c1 nh nen nh nh ng 365 9.6.2 Magnetic Reluctance nen nhe 365 9.6.3 Examples of Magnetic Circuit Analysis Using the
Electrical Circuit AnaÌOgV, ‹ câc t(02/ÓAGL s2 22-2763 n 368 97 Selí-and Mutual Inductance - cằằằ e eens 371
9.7.1 Rlux-LiHKẩBG ‹- óc lì 25: S90 001 (422201252509 752 371
9.7.2 Self-and Mutual Indu€fance`ˆ.:.:‹¿(Á 22-14 -+ < 371
9.7.3 Inductance Relationship to Reluctance 373
9.7.4 Inductances as Circuit Elements - 374
9.7.5 Energy Stored in Inductance - + 374
Evaluation of Self-Inducfance .‹ «<< + se că Ỳ nh nhe 376 9A.1 Introduction’: <i jeer neceu aR SARE es eeu eee 376 9A.2 Inductance Evaluation Using Magnetic Reluctance 376
9A.3 Inductance Evaluation Using Magnetic Energy Storage - 377
94.4 Examples of Inductance Evaluation for Specifc Coil Confgurations -‹ ch nhì 378 9A.4.1 Example l: The Toroid -**‡‡cŸhẻ 378 9A.4.2 Example 2: The Infnite Solenoid -: - 380
9A.4.3 Example 3: The Inũnite Wire - 380
9A.4.4 Example 4: The Inñnite Coaxial Line - 382
9A.4.5 Example 5: The Magnetic Circuit with and without Air Gap că nen nh hệt 384 Evaluation of Mutual lnductance - - «<< nền he 385 9B.1 Mutual Inductance Evaluation Using Flux-Linkage 385
9B.2 Examples of Mutual Inductance Evaluation - - 386
9B.2.1 Example l: The Two-Coil Toroid -: 386
9B.2.2 Example 2: Two-Coil “Long” Solenoid - 387
9B.2.3 Example 3: Two-Coil Magnetic Circuit - 388
Magnetic Forces in Air Gaps: Magnetic Pull .ssssessesseserseceaseeuseeaesenssuees 388 OCT Introduction yi e oc can ose eats ch eain ens sate cables 0s peaeraniaraetetre 388 9C.2 Magnetic Forces in Air Gaps esse eee eee eee eee tee nee eee es 389 C3 MagneticLif c că Săn nh nh nh nh nh ha 390 Chapter 9 Problems _ ‹.-‹ c- cănh hen theo 393 (hapter 9 SummarY _ -. chen heo 402 Time-Varying Fields—faradays Law—Maxwells Equations 405
IS 01 5 406
10.2 Charge Trajectory in Magnetic Fields ‹ c-{<Ÿ: 406 103 ‘ Hall’ Effect ˆ :cccvccy2isssiaaxeees0 ca 407 104 Faraday’sLaw .cằ nen nề nh kh nh kh nh kh nh nh tự 410 105 Faraday§DiSk Ăn ve kh th n2 sen x46 412 10.6 An Example ofa Moving Conductor in a Time-Varying
Magnetic Fieldˆ 122.22260/04/0/0/08/56506 840 48888 414 10.7 The Electric Generator ch nh nh nh nh nh nh nă 416
10.8 The TransfOrmer ch nh nh nh nă 417
Trang 12XỈV Contents
10.9 Faraday’s Maxwells Equation -: -* ******* th hhh he
10.9i19/ Intepral EoFmf9 Í si 6t 6215451866 tă ch Ẩn min hă hình th nha 10.9.2 DiferentialForm -* rẻ nh nh th th h th nh nec
10.10 Revisiting Ampere’s Lw—The Displacement Current aca
10.11 Revisiting Field and Potential Formulas—The Retarde
tenuial 75 ẽ s1 3 ¬
10.12 Ta and Justifications for the Time-Varying Modifications of the Above Field and Potential Relationships
10.13 Summary of Maxwell’s Equations -+ sen Addendum 10A Inductanceunder Time-Varying (urrenfs - -=<* nen II Introduction .-. -:-.-‹ c se nh nh nh nh he 10A.2 Inductance under Dynamic Electrical Currents
10A.2.1 Current-Voltage Relationship -
10A.2.2 Inductancesin Series and Parallel
10A.2.3 Energy Stored and Power in Inductances
10A.2.4 Energy Stored in Magnetic Fields
Chapter 10 Problems_ con con ng He HH n mm Hi KỲ Chapter 10 SUmIMAYV) - ;‹.-‹-: 006500000711 62601066/08/ 205 3iền uUÍ Da & 4504 5/306:418:8:405'6/41606:408)8/8 Chapter11 Wave Propagation—Transmission Lines Revisited
MEL eM CCOGUICHON ae tren ie cyan A1 a0 pesi se: lA Mon sẽ
11.2 Maxwell's Equations and the Wave Equation
DỊ ĐỀ THDOELAHDE RETHATKSS T7 1o co 9h c0 ST na QUA con trông gi 6404 si8sse ii 4=-Solving the Wave Equation »-., aMerunat oun ty npiinwiayy of you )a9 11.5 Physical Insight into the Obtained Wave Equation Solution
11.5.1 Source-Free Case of a Lossless Medium (Periect Dielectric) *O1 Ah 2881 MƯA
11.5.2 Case of Source-Free Lossy Media o #0 (General Material Properties)
115.3 Special Cases(Nonmagnetic)
11.6 Physical Insight into the Obtained Solutions for Wave Propagation Parameters in Dielectrics and Conductors_
116.1 Plane Wavesina Good Dielectric
116.2 Uniform Plane Wavesina Good Conductor
117 Poynting Vector-Poynting Theorem
11.8 The Complex Poynting Theorem
112 The Complex Poynting Vector .,
THAD late Waves Power FlOW D2 2 2s 11.11 Plane Waves in Controlled-Geometry Transmission Lines .
11.11.1 Case of Coaxial Transmission Line
1111.2 PowerFlowinCoaxiallLines
22105 âui 00953 0U i< s - , ,
11.12 Electromagnetic Power Flows in Dielectric Media
11.12.2 Conductors Provide Guidance (and Confinement) .-
Addendum 11A Derivation of the Laplacian Form of the Wave Equation 11A.1 Introduction
11A.2 One-Dimension
Cee mers eeserenesccrcesecvesense®
Trang 13Addendum11B SkinFfectandShielding -:: -+++++*ttthtttttttttthhtttttnnttrce r7 470 11B.1 Skin Đepthwiez91272586/7007//00727/7227/7 114A 470
11B.2 - hieldingtissld5 15052859501 eh eames Aertel cau 470
Addendum11( SkinFffectin(oavialTransmissionLin@s -‹:‹+ -++++**+te te etttetsteese2 412 11C,L› Thtroduetidi 19401 20226 SRSDR minh ôn co chđn, 472 11C.2 High-Frequency Coaxial Line Parameters -+**rhhnhh 474 Addendum 11D Loss Tangent for Energy-Storage Media (Materials) and Devices -+-+-+*-+** 475 TID Itit6ltcHion -::/:2)//¡/4277720/7 500990910010 nh cảng căi 475 IID2 The Löes TângEHE .z:.:/252: 7565265262 0EBEOC-O0///1 477
(hapter 11 Problems . : ++ +-+++*tttttnhtttntttnttttht 0170017797 479
(hapter 11 Summar -‹ :::::++*+++tttttththhhtttttttttntrtgt1200117 483
(hapter12 Wave Polarization and Propagation in Multiple LayeT5 -+ ++ 487
l2I IntroductiOl .:-xse:-e-:2 22/2012 Sata oe Beto ai am 488 122 Wave Polarization .-sssessreenertrensnnaenseerecesssne see: 488 1221 Linear Polarization -++++*+trrhhhh nhe henng 488 12.2.2 Circular Polarization -. -+est th nh hhhhhhth ng 491 122.3 EllipticalPolarization -. -+:++++trtrrrrerrrrensc 491
12.2.4 Physical Insigiit” <x ewe cs veer seen eernneess esc Tin 495
12.3 Transmission and Reflection of Uniform Plane Waves in
MultlagerMedlA .-. e 2t nh nh 0/74 496
12.4 Transmission and Reflection of Uniform Plane Waves:
Normal Incidente: ssssiiseescssesrssssotteenelkeeslffTOTET DAI tiện 496
12.5 PhysicalInsight—Special Cases . :::-+:rrc ven teen, 499 12.5.1 The Case of Two Perfect Dielectrics (Figure 128) sa cố 499 12.5.2 The Case of Two Lossy Dielectrics (Figure 2Ñ) ốc 503
12.5.3 The Case of a Dielectric-Conductor Interface (Figure 12.12) 504
12.6 Reflection of Uniform Plane Waves: Normal Incidence on Multiple Layers 508 12.61 The Field Analysis Approach for Normal Incidence on
Multiple Layers (Figure 12.15) -:. -: -+-++r re nhì 508
12.7 Reflection of Uniform Plane Waves: Oblique Incidence . - 513
12.8 Total Refection—Critical Angle -. +++- se rhhe nen trnerrnc 514 12:9 Physical Insight :/256/2/222,.7/76/66///////007270 0 10 515 12.10 Analysis of Wave Reflection and Refraction for Oblique Incidence 516
12.10.1 Case of Oblique Incidence with Parallel Polarization - 516 12.10.2 Case of Oblique Incidence with Perpendicular Polarization 518 12,14 “The Brewster Angle zuii›22/42/626889/99k27575/ai/đ.422g 044g 521
12.12 Phyyíil Tinstghite“\ o, Maral DOLD GAR «ls saa 523 Addendum 12A Derivation of Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Normal Incidence on
Multiple Layers « sesserseseronnensneacnseneratsrencensanseceneessen sees tS 523
12A.1 Thelmpedance Approach ‹+:+cc tt hhtrhhtrntrrrse roi 523
12A.2 The Bounce Diagram Approach .-‹ ‹+cccsetthee se rersrseecse 525
Addendum 12B DerwationofSnell§LaW ‹ -:++++tcrỉhhhthttthhhttttttg20220010220011)) 527 12B.1 Wave Propagation Derivation of SnellS LAN „sa en 527
12B2 Graphical Derivation of Gnells LAW ‹.‹ s-‹-211 0 ee 528
Trang 14xvi Contents Addendum 12D Addendum 12E Chapter 13 Addendum 13A bi mile, , AES RN 532
ivation of Brewster Angle Expressions .+-+- were 0) đt 3 533
tự Brewster Angle for the Parallel Sasa : oniGase a (¿ Bh 12D.2_ Brewster Angle for the Perpendicular Polarizati | = The “Complex” Snell’ Law and the Mystery of the “Complex Angle of đi Bốn 12E.1 Oblique Incidence: ee oa 1 0 ce Dielectric Interface 7 775 va ÓC n 12E2 Low-Loss Approximations sha payee yt set spam cl "art th as 12E3 Numerical Demonstration : -:-:+::+++errtersrrrreeỉ Ae eMart se 539 Chapter 12 Problems -‹-:++++++*+*t+tnhttersteresee a (apteTnl2 SUMMAYs sxccssrenertecessonnednnaesceneeenneeer ssi ee i 90000000999099969999696 549 Waveguides 0000909990 0990966 00009%909009020990990690909696 = 13] IntrodUcipfdssssaeeielesossglDaeenoitesbsigð*ggglfn2fffunge ; 13.2 Unguided Propagation versus Guided Transmission .- =
133 WhyWaveguides? -‹cc ch nh nh hen hen 13.3.1 Typical Waveguide Configurations - - 551
13.4 Field Analysis of Guide Filling/Core Region 551
13.5 (Metallic) Rectangular Waveguides - 553
Io Gy MIOEs an 'CUtOH BTEHEIICISS .-ssessisipdsvrsvsiiawsirnsieo 556 2 2 mm nt 13.7 Propagation Modes: Case of w” ye > (= (5) | a (gi 01A1.0i10201010 EIENAYE AI, GAM A0018 000M1 14 ch Tí bâ k2 gău 556 2 2 13.8 Cutoff Modes: Case of we (2 {) | a COO SO rie IE meal | cre bo cue) anh 557
13.9 Physical Insight: The Guided Wavelength and Phase MMC 101 10021016 1N001 0 eeolt tran Tộc enigealin «dhs Laurens vows 559 13.10 Continuation ofthe Field Analysis 560
13.11 Wavweguidesand TEMModes 561
13.12 Transverse Electic (TE) Modes(E =0) 561
13.12.1 Example of TE Modes: TE,) Mode(m=landn=0) 562
L - Tranwerse Magnetic (TM) Modes (Ï, =() 563 13.13.1 Example of TM Modes: TM,, Mode (m=1 and n= TT 563 5412200120 lì TIM NINH 564 13.15 Active and Dominant Mode IMOOUMCAION GO coe vow nes oun 566 346 Wave Propagation: Power FIOW 567
13.16.1 Power Flow for the TE,) Dominant Mode 569
1.162 Time-Domain Derivation of the Power Flow Density for the
Dc imiianecie 569
13.163 A Physical View of Wave Propagation and Power Flow in
ae CES Q.20 0,2 TỰ GIỮH 00) 570
M wv Modal Dispersion and Waveguide Bandwidth — TL ave Equation Solution for Metallic R ectangul idac: anys Component of the Electric Field Phasor Mr ots ne nai
13A.] HHTOdUchpn „5 SHUN HH tt că TẠI sms nsssksysvyl 573
13A lạ : (Metallic) Rectangular Waveguides ‘3 Solution of the Generic W; TT 11 2 227727 010995'2xxsts ky or công s2 xc seo a
Trang 15Addendum 13B Addendum 13¢ Addendum 13D Addendum 13E Addendum 13F Addendum 13G Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Contents Phase and Group Velocities 382 1075935i2:27%74/72 578 12B1 PhâseVelöiy .ẽ.ẽẽ ẽ 578
15B2 GroupVeloety rene eee eee ee ree 579
13B.2.1 Alternate Definition and Derivation of the Group Velocity 580
13B.2.2 Physical Insight: Can the Phase Velocity Exceed the VelocityofLieit 7a cốc cố 581 Wave Equation Solution for Metallic Rectangular Waveguides: Continuation for flIHeldComponefifs- - ::.::⁄:ó226: e2 2i cu ee cere oo ee 582 13C Continuation ofthe Field Analysis 582
Field Maps for the TE,ạ and TM; Modes_ -.-.- 584
13D EildMapsforthe7TEuMode 584
13D.2 Eield MapsfortheTXI,Mode 587
Active and Dominant Mode ldentification_ - - - 588
13E.1 The Tabulation Approach for Mode Identifcation 588
13E.2 The Graphical Approach for Mode Identifcation 590
Physical Insight in Guided Wave Propagation_ 591
13E1 A Physical View of Wave Propagation and Power Flow in Waveguides 591
Metallic Rectangular Cavity Resonafors 593
13G.1 Introduction sine cusses: venus caus Se 0209020 2AE 593 13G2, Gavity Field Analysis wu 0 io.)s ade 1s ea Vee 594 13G.3 Applying Cavity Boundary Conditions and Cavity Resonance Frequeney gas ss wens ot aan cae eb Oo aie ee P6h nu 595
13G4 CAMIV TEMOIES ¡co 2e iz2261p66ipaylvf TT n 596 I3G5 Cavity 2orminantMode .:: :: šÔ Sẽ nẽn 598 13G6 ‘Cavity Resonator Quality Factor .: ee 600 136 Energy Stored in Cavity 2 dav cease vagee? oe eee 600 13G.6.2 Energy Dissipatedin Cavity 601
13G.6.3 CavityConduelorLosses .' 601
13G.6.4 ‘Cavity Dielectric Lossĩs - : : 2.: 603 Chapter'13 Problems: isiaie’s cacarararess sereiniee's sie-aiereisieis sie\ssaiain w arecainalainioas sistas eg oiemen ee eee 604 Chapter 13 Summary _ elaierslsisisieieisisls12/S]4)872715 7270 607 SymbolsandUHfS ‹ seeccessesaessesesosrazooleofl V0 0005 (onstantsandS[UnIHS .: 4222⁄/2222156a-s22xusr 0708.0619 Material Properties oss casas vies asics oieiee «sive sisias snicis vere meciioeenn Onl Vector Identities: acce.e sieie:nieaisre sieiais siaisis’e ojaielsinisie'eieielniele slofolateleletors\s crststesteriate O29 Summary of EM Relationships_ 627
Historical Review of EM Sdentists 631
lHẾN - ( 2226620062024 s16 10c 0easoexaos 6215020051010 0100042
Trang 16
Preface
Why Another EM Fields Book?
True, there are a number of electromagnetic (EM) fields books on the market for undergraduate engineering students I personally have used many of them in my classes as texts and as occasional references I liked some for their simple presentation and readability and others for their thorough analysis and comprehensive coverage However, whichever book I used, the students always had difficulty with the subject One reason is that many students lack adequate background preparation for the material (math and physics) Available textbooks and most professors do not take that into account in their presentation For this reason, this book is an attempt to address this issue and present the material with students’ realistic preparation in mind
In addition, this book pays attention to material that always falls in the cracks between the courses students take and that is vital to the comprehension of the overall picture The book is written for both readability and adequate material coverage It focuses on tackling three major issues that are typically encountered in teaching EM fields
First Issue
Let us face it: EM fields undergraduate education leaves the majority of the students with more questions than answers Their biggest question is “Why are we studying this material?” In a way, they are right If we do not tell them what Coulomb's law, Faraday’s experiment, or Maxwell's equations should mean to them, then this material is an unnecessary burden and a waste of their time Typically, all they get is a bunch of vector analysis
exercises and complicated integrations—another “math” course at best
The fact of the matter is that EM fields is pivotal to all aspects of electrical engineering (EE) That should be our theme when teaching undergraduates the topic It is not just a matter of showing some practical applications for electrostatics or wave propagation; we need to go far beyond We should show them how Maxwell’s equations provide the foundation for the topics of circuit theory, electronics, communications, power generation and transmission, microwaves, and antennas, just to name a few application areas Borrowing from the computer community, EM fields is like the machine language and the way we deal with these EE topics is like writing the code in a higher-level language
Second Issue
Teaching EM fields to undergraduates has the potential of arming them with “problem-solving” skills It is a fringe benefit that comes naturally with the topic, far beyond what comes through from other courses in their curricula This is manifested in the ability to take a physical problem through the steps of deriving a physically based model for which a mathematical model is then developed Next, we do the math analysis and obtain results for which we find relevant explanations for physical phenomena
Third Issue
The other point is that the majority of our students lack adequate background preparation for the material required for the study of EM fields (in both math and physics) The challenge is that the subject of EM fields requires good mastery of both math and physics skills, math being a coded language of expression of the physical phenomena and how things evolve It is just like language and culture; they are both critical to communication skills For successful communication, one needs a good appreciation of both the language of communication and the culture of the people communicated with Neither language nor culture can work well by themselves The same is the case for math and physics Some of our students (and professors) are more
skilled in one side and pay less attention to the other We need to be continually reminded that math is just an
Trang 17Preface
abstract language of expression (a coded one) and we must constantly Ee - the physical phenomena
and their implications as we go through the HT ma ai xả fac
ho ey eae no a teaching of the material The topic requires a holistic
= hence ˆ a and oe to ensure both student comprehension and appreciation of its importance ba i this nê we provide detailed explanations and always relate the si to the oe
We recognize the need to keep the physics involved in the entire Ped nae Bie a
model of a physical problem, in deciding the correct math analysis AC ; T : Tđn ae oe
solutions, and finally in interpreting (decoding) the mathematical results and translating ee " aon physical terms Unfortunately, most of our EM fields education does not give ae emp eee g
the physics insight and ignores the last and most important step in the process of translating the obtaine
i i sical phenomena
eee em to keep both the students and professors mindful of the physics aspects
of all topics Both will find many eye-opening conclusions as a result There will be many challenges, as most
of us are not accustomed to that But, at the end of the day, the benefit of achieving lasting comprehension is
worth much more than training to carry out procedures
EDN RIES ELT Book Plan
The plan is to allow maximum flexibility to enable a wide sector of the academic community to customize this
book to their curriculum needs The book chapters can be arranged in three blocks (see the book outline table
below); each block can be taught independently of the others, and as a result, the textbook can be customized by rearranging the blocks Each block will have an introductory section to transition the learners into the material presented in that block
There are three typical approaches to EM fields coverage, which I bel
Referring to the outline table shown below,
arrangement, are
ieve this book can serve very well the three approaches, and the corresponding proposed block coverage
* Early transmission line approach: Blocks A-B-C * Classical static-dynamic approach: Blocks B-(C/A) * Maxwell's equation approach: Blocks (C/A)-B
There are two other features of the book that add to the customization flexibility:
* “Chapter Learning Objectives” are provided at the beginnin
learner pick and choose relevant study material * Chapter material is presented with “
the chapter This allows the instruct these addenda to cover,
g of each chapter to help the instructor and
potentially secondary” material moved to addenda at the end of or and learner to decide which and how much of the material in
: This book contains ade
with the flexibility features
semester curricula, The fol] rt ae for a full-year (two-semester) EM fields program of study However, 111 a8 discussed above, the book can be used for both one-semester
Trang 19Mi Preface — One-Semester
Block | Topic Two-Semester Plan (All) Plan
Chapter 12: Wave Polarization and Propagation in Multiple Layers ⁄ A: Derivation of Reflection and Transmission Coefficients for Normal
Incidence on Multiple Layers B: Derivation of Snell’s Law
: C:Total Reflection: Physical Applications D: Derivation of Brewster Angle Expressions
E: The “Complex” Snell's Law and the Mystery of the “Complex” Angle of Refraction
Chapter 13:Waveguides ⁄
A: Wave Equation Solution for Metallic Rectangular Waveguides
B: Phase and Group Velocities ⁄
C: Wave Equation Solution for Metallic Rectangular Waveguides
h D:Field Maps for the TEp and TM; Modes
E: Active and Dominant Mode Identification F: Physical Insight in Guided Wave Propagation G: Metallic Rectangular Cavity Resonators Appendix A: Symbols and Units
Appendix B: Constants and SI Units
Appendix C: Material Properties
Appendix D: Vector Identities
Appendix E: Summary of EM Relationships
Appendix F: Historical Review of EM Scientists
Acknowledgments Ce ——
I am deeply indebted to my dear friend, colleague, Besieris He supported this effort through many dis
This project would not have been possible wit student Her invaluable contributions were instru
‘ Finally, I would like to acknowledge the supp
and office neighbor for more than 20 years, Dr Ioannis
cussions and thorough review of the manuscript
hout Dr Iman Salama, my co-author and former doctoral
mental in bringing this project to life
je ped me in many aspects of the production of this manuscript ort of all my dear friends and fo peg eee Ee
Sedki M Riad
Il figures in color, is available for
Trang 20ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Understand electromagnetic field principles, engineering techniques, and applications
This core introductory-level undergraduate textbook offers solid Coverage of the tundamentals of electromagnetic fields and waves Written by two electrical engi- neering experts and experienced educators, the book is designed to accommodate both one- and two-semester curricula Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: Funda- mentals of Engineering presents detailed explanations of the topic of EM fields in a holistic fashion that integrates the math and the physics of the material with students’ realistic preparation in mind You will learn about static and time-varying fields, wave
propagation and polarization, transmission lines and waveguides, and more
Coverage includes:
-_ An introduction to electromagnetic fields and waves
-_ Transmission lines and wave equations -_ Transition to electrostatics
-_ Electrostatic fields, electric flux, and Gauss’ law
© Electric force, field, energy, and potential _ © Materials: conductors and dielectrics dê rl * Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations
in Uniqueness theorem and graphical and numerical solutions
N
5 Magnetic materials, magnetic circuits, and inductance
-_ Time-varying fields and Faraday's law
Mâ » Wave propagation: plane waves
| nd b Wave polarization and propagation in multiple layers * Waveguides and cavity resonators
:-_ Historical review of EM sScientists
Sedki M Riad, Ph.D., P.E., is Professor Emeritus in The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech He has been a Fellow of IEEE since 1992 and has ac- cumulated a wealth of scholarship work in publication and research projects including patents He has been teaching EM courses for over 45 years