The effect of working environment, job characteristics, supervisors support on internship satisfaction

Logbook The choice to an internship Topic: The effect of working environment, job characteristics, supervisors' support on internship satisfaction Research aim: to study how the working environment, job characteristics, and supervisor's support affect internship satisfaction in the banking and finance industry Why did you choose this field to research? Choosing a suitable internship is very important for today's students This study will focus on how factors including working environment, job characteristics, and supervisor's support affect the training satisfaction of the student What are the problems in the field that you are choosing? As mentioned in an article written by Kilkon Ko (2012), many occupations in the job market make students confused about the most suitable workstation Besides, today, many students are unoriented for their future careers, and they just follow the trend in the market while they not have a certain level of understanding about that field This problem can become a downside for society when we cannot utilize the human resources efficiently, and the students will not enhance any skills that they have learned at school and cannot the jobs they expect Hence, by reading this research, undergraduate students can figure out how to choose a suitable job Research questions a How career growth prospects impact on internship satisfaction? b How acquired skills impact on internship satisfaction? c How mentorship of the company impact on internship to attract interns? Hypothesis development Independent variable: working environment, job characteristics, supervisors' support Dependent variable: The student's internship satisfies Alternative Hypothesis H1: There is a positive and significant impact of working environment on the intention of choosing an internship Null Hypothesis H0: There is no positive and significant impact of working environment on the purpose of selecting an internship Logbook LITERATURE REVIEWS Introduction The literature will give the readers insight and different dimensions about internship and internship satisfaction via previous researchers The origin of internship derived from medical education (Malborough, 1999) before this term is used commonly to refer the pre-work experiences According to the author, an internship is related to similar terms, including experiential learning, experiential education, or service learning Besides, an Internship is defined as a temporary occupation for undergraduates, and this position requires no commitment between employers and employees (Cuyper D et al., 2008) Additionally, Smits (2006) pointed out an internship was similar to an apprenticeship, while a Malaysian education institution referred to this term as industrial learning (Curtin University of Technology, 2006; International Islamic University Malaysia, 2012; Sirat & Nordin, 2006; Rahman A., 2012) Different people will have different perspectives about the term "internship." Internship satisfaction regards the level of how undergraduates like or dislike the internship and how they feel about different spheres of the job (Spector, 1977 cited in Klee, 2011) Internship satisfaction can bring many benefits to the students as they will have a positive and confident outlook toward their career path and their academic performance at the universities (Paulins, 2008) In 2018, research about the determinants of student satisfaction with internship programs in the hospitality industry pointed out that feedback, autonomy, university supervisor support, academic preparation, flexible working hours, student self-initiative, location, and skills variety are essential elements affecting internship satisfaction (Hussiena F & Lopa M., 2018) Another study on 310 business undergraduates showed that four main characteristics affect internship satisfaction: individual factors, university support, job characteristics, and organizational environment (Heng et al., 2011) The same result was shown in D'abate C et al.'s (2009) research Lord K et al (2011) revealed that the more intern's skills and task characteristics, the more likely it is that interns will find it satisfied The supervisor will be the one to help the intern and the company find dissatisfaction to find a better position for interns Work environment Many researchers (D'Abate et al., 2009; Moos, 1994; Nelson, 1994) found that characteristics of the organizational environment were good predictors of internship satisfaction The work environment in this study includes internship aspects such as career growth prospects and learning opportunities (D'Abate et al., 2009) According to this study, career development possibilities are how the internship program prepares students to join the professional world after graduation The degree to which site management is happy with the intern's learning, communication, and attitude during the internship is referred to as organizational satisfaction (Gupta & Burns, 2010; Jean et al., 2012) Many investigations (D'Abate et al., 2009; Moos, 1994; Nelson, 1994) discovered that organizational environment features were good predictors of internship satisfaction As several elements influence students' happiness after an internship (Wen, 2010), the findings of a study on the same issue in the hotel sector revealed that such qualities include the organizational environment or contribute to internship satisfaction (Hussien F., Lopa M., 2018) Job characteristics According to Chong and Yazdani (2020), work characteristics may be classified into three main dimensions: skill diversity, autonomy, and feedback Based on the various research, the job characteristics dimensions are generally found to significantly influence the behavior and psychological outcomes of employees in a Western context Brown and Peterson (1993) also reported that quality of feedback, variety of skills set, autonomy is associated with greater job satisfaction Because it will promote the quality of the work, job characteristics are connected to job satisfaction Job characteristics are also a good predictor of participants' job happiness and confidence in their careers (Ko, 2008) D'abate et al (2009) also indicated that work features (mainly skill diversity and feedback) are the most significant predictors of internship satisfaction Supervisors' support The supervisor's support is essential for interns since the supervisor represents the organization and displays the organization's dedication to concern for the intern's well-being (Chong & Yazdani, 2020) Support from supervisors may be divided into two categories: university support and company support The significance of competent supervision has been demonstrated in all internship circumstances Smayling and Miller (2012) discovered a stronger performance-satisfaction relationship when interns work for supervisors of the same gender According to Liu, Xu, and Weitz (2011), academic support has a tremendous impact on the student, including a favorable view of the industry they went for their internship as a prospective future profession According to Larkin et al (2000), supervisors' support is a crucial element influencing internship student happiness The supervisor's guidance of the entry-level accountant substantially impacts pupils' academic, personal growth, and appreciation prospects Research gap In general, these studies had shown the factors affecting student satisfaction with the internship, but there are still certain shortcomings Otherwise, Lopa and Mick's report (2018) focuses only on summer internships, the results may not be comprehensive, and supervisors' support aspects have not been added Moreover, there may be a lack of some sectors such as accounting and finance (Sambandam et al., 2011) This research paper was written to continue and expand on the limitations mentioned above Specifically, the three main factors, working environment, job characteristics, and the support of supervisors, will be analyzed more deeply and classified into small elements The factor related to the supervisors' approval, particularly the mentors who guide in internships or universities, will be added to ensure the comprehensiveness of the issue The relationship between the working environment (location, time of the training., etc.) and the satisfaction of the internship will be expanded Hypotheses development Many have defined internship satisfaction, but the most basic understanding is how a person feels about and the degree to which a person likes their job The concept is related to the emotional state of interns when they believe the work they are doing is valuable It can be based on positive or negative feelings about the work environment, job characteristics, and supervisors' support Work environment: According to Maaravi Y et al (2020), work environment characteristics positively relate to job satisfaction The work environment includes career growth prospects (D'Abate et al., 2009) Additionally, professional growth is how the internship program better prepares students to enter the work world after graduation (Okeiyi, Finley, & Postel, 1994; Tas, 1988) As a result, our hypothesis is: H1: Career growth prospects is positively related to internship satisfaction In hypothesis 1, the null hypothesis (H0) represents no positive and significant effect of the work environment on internship satisfaction Meanwhile, the alternative hypothesis (H1a and H1b) is the positive and significant impact of the work environment on internship satisfaction Job characteristics: The earlier literature argues for the similarity between work and internship characteristics (D'abate et al., 2009) and the centrality of job satisfaction as a superior result in the Job Characteristics Model (Loher et al., 1985) Loher et al (1985) and Thomas et al (2004) also found a positive relationship between skill variety and job satisfaction Our hypothesis is as follows: H2: Skill variety is positively related to internship satisfaction In hypothesis 2, the null hypothesis (H0) represents no positive and significant effect of job characteristics on internship satisfaction Meanwhile, the alternative hypothesis (H2) is the positive and significant impact of job characteristics on internship satisfaction Supervisors' support: Babin and Boles (1996) found that employees' perception of supervisory support reduced stress and increased job satisfaction Another study by Rothman (2003) pointed to company support contributing to job satisfaction Tarquin and Truscott (2006) showed us a relationship between pleasure and the supervisory relationship for intern students As a result, our third hypothesis is as follow: H3: Company support will be positively related to the intern satisfaction In hypothesis 3, the null hypothesis (H0) represents no positive and significant effect of supervisors' approval on internship satisfaction Meanwhile, the alternative hypothesis (H3a and H3b) is the positive and significant impact of supervisors' support on internship satisfaction RESEARCH STRATEGY The report will study the effect of working environment, job characteristics, supervisors' support on interns' satisfaction of banking and finance students in NEU The context of this case study is based on the reality that there are only a few types of research on the level of satisfaction and the criteria for the practical internship programs of the universities in Vietnam As NEU is one of the top university in Vietnam about finance (Huong T., 2021 many banks choose students here as interns As a result, banking and finance students in NEU will be chosen to represent students from other universities to conduct research on satisfaction after the internship The hypothesis in this study will be based on several previous literature results The prior theory is the influence of company support on international satisfaction in terms of academic support (Rothman, 2003) In a study written by Maini R et al (2021), the result shows that industry mentors' interaction has a potential role in implementing internships of hospitality students Based on this result, this study will give a more transparent relationship between these factors Therefore, this report will add more about the influence of company support The study will use qualitative and quantitative data to conduct the final result The data used in the study will be collected by interviewing and surveying participants The respondents will be students who received company support during the internship Therefore, the result is more reliable and comparable since the respondent went through the support This case study will make recommendations to help universities and employers know which factors allow them to attract well-educated students RESEARCH SAMPLING This research adopted a quantitative and qualitative research design Bases on the research strategy, interview and questionnaire was prepared The interview and questionnaire items were related to factors affecting internship satisfaction According to the research strategy, case study explores the relationship between supervisor' support and internship satisfaction Therefore, data collect based on interviews with students majoring in finance and banking at the NEU, who completed an internship The Interviewers used semistructured and in-depth interview to probe participants about the relationship between supervisors' support and internship satisfaction The interview will be online via zoom Results will be recorded and analyzed qualitatively The research selected sample size with 10 random students majoring in finance and banking from the National Economics University The research uses non-probability sampling methods, namely convenience sampling sampling methods provide convenience, easy access to information from students of the NEU The research strategy also has a survey method for quantitative analysis of the working environment and job characteristic, which is related to intern satisfaction The data collect based on questionnaires with students in finance and banking industry Survey will be done online via the website The questionnaire used self-administered questionnaire, about contained sections Section one assesses the factors related to the working environment affecting the satisfaction of the internship Section two evaluates the factors related to job characteristics affecting internship satisfaction Section three collects the data of the participants to check the fit of the survey The questions given will be in the form of closed questions and Likert scale, ranging from "dissatisfied" with number to "Satisfied" with number Results will be stored and analyzed quantitatively The interview method selects a sample size with 100 students who participated internship in banking and finance industry Because it is related to regression analysis, correlation and testing, so, the research applies the formula of sample size according to regression formula Sampling will use convenience and snowball sampling The advantage of these samplings is quicker and cause effective Data analysis in the research was performed in two steps The first is an exploratory factor analysis that is carried out to identify the main factors affecting intern satisfaction Second, regression analysis to examine the relationship between identified factors and internship satisfaction With ethical issue, my group will follow commitments: The participants have the option to join or leave the research at any time Before agreeing or declining to participate, participants are informed about the research’s purpose, benefit, risks, and funding The personal information of interviewees will be kept hidden due to the ethical problem and the personally identifiable data will be anonymous REFERENCES "The Impact of Internship in Public Organizations on University Students' Perceptions and Career Choice - Kilkon Ko, Dalvin Jit Kaur Sidhu, 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(Male or anh/chị gì? or Female) What is your Female) What is your (Nam hay Nữ) Anh/chị bao age? How long does age? How long does nhiêu tuổi? Kì thực tập Internship your internship your internship anh/chị kéo dài length last? last? khoảng Working Career Have you Have you bao lâu? Anh/chị environment growth participated in participated in làm công prospects other career- any future career- việc liên quan related work related đến nghề experience since internship? nghiệp tương lai Gender Personal information Age (Demographi c information) entering Wolfgram, M and Hora, M.T (2021) Qu, H et al (2021) Brooks, L et al (1995) chưa? college? On the five-point On the scale of Trên thang điểm scale, are you five, are you 5, anh/chị có ý willing to take a willing to take a định theo đuổi hotel industry banking and ngành tài career in future? finance industry ngân hàng career in future? tương lai On the three- On the scale of không? Trên thang điểm item scale, five, how much 5, anh/chị đánh you plan on you think your giá công việc making a career internship related thực tập as a sport to your future anh/chị liên manager? career in banking quan đến công Qu, H et al (202 Cunningham, G et al (2005) and finance? việc tương lai ngành tài ngân hàng nào? On the scale of On the scale of Trên thang điểm three, how much five, how you 5, anh/chị nghĩ you rate your think your việc thực tập internship internship will ảnh hưởng helped you affect your future đến realize whether career in banking nghiệp tương lai you would like to and finance? ngành tài pursue a future ngân career in the hàng particular field? anh/chị? On a 5-point On the scale of Trên thang điểm Likert scale, five, would you 5, anh/chị would you be be better sẵn sàng better prepared prepared to enter để bước vào to enter the work the banking ngành ngân world as a result industry as a hàng dựa vào of the result of the kết kỳ internship? On a 5-point internship? On the scale of thực tập chứ? Trên thang điểm Likert scale, five, would you 5, anh/chị có would you get a get a good nhận lời good reference reference from giới thiệu tốt từ from your main your main người hướng supervisor if you supervisor if you dẫn asked for one? asked for one? anh/chị D’abate, C.P., Youndt, M.A and Wenzel, K.E (2009) Hussien, F.M and La Lopa, M (2018) anh/chị yêu cầu On a three-item On the scale of không? Trên thang điểm Gupta, P., scale, you five, you think 5, anh/chị có Burns, D.J think students students who nghĩ and Schiferl, who have done have done sinh viên J.S (2010) internships are internships are thực tập có more likely to get more likely to get nhiều khả job offers? job offers in nhận lời banking and mời làm việc On a three-item finance? On the scale of không? Trên thang điểm scale, you five, you think 5, anh/chị có think the the internship nghĩ việc internship makes makes you feel thực tập giúp you feel more more confident in anh/chị tự tin confident in finding a future tìm finding a job job in banking công việc tương upon and finance? lai ngành graduation? tài ngân hàng khơng? Theme Career growth prospect Demographic information Pre-defined coding table Sub-theme Codes Description Sources