Comprehension and syntax docx

1 اﺪﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ Reading Comprehension through Syntax ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎردﯽﻧاﻮﺧور ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ "ﻮﺤﻧ" ﻒﻴﻟ ﺎﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳﺪﻤﺣا اﺮﺘﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﮐد 1385 ناﺮﻬﺗ ناﺮﻳا 2 ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ 3 لوا ﻞﺼﻓ :دﺎﻬﻧ 5 مود ﻞﺼﻓ :ﻞﻌﻓ 40 مﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ:لﻮﻌﻔﻣ 69 مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﺼﻓ :ﺪﻴﻗ 73 ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ :ﻪﻠﻤﺟ 106 ﻪﻤﻴﻤﺿ: تﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻا 155 ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ 165 3 اﺪﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ دراد دﻮﺟو نﺎﺑز رد ﯽﻠﺻا ترﺎﻬﻣ ود: ﯽﻧاﻮﺧور ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﯼراﺪﻴﻨﺷ و Receptive ﯼﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ رﺎﺘﻔﮔﯼﯼرﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ و . Creative ﯼﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧاﻮﺧور ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎرد ﯽهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺑز سرد زا فﺪهناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ زا ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺎﻧ ﯼﺮﻣا نﺎﺑز رﻮﺘﺳد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ نوﺪﺑ نﻮﺘﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎردﻣاﺮﮔ ﯼﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﺮ ﺖﺳا ﻩﺪﻳﺎﻓ ﯽﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ جرﺎﺧ ﻢه . اﺮﻳز و ﯼرﻮﺌﺗ ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ندﺮﮐ اﺪﻴﭘ ،ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﺮه رد ﯼﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﺻا رﺎﮐاﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﯽﻳو ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳا زا ﻢه نﺎﺑز رﻮﺘﺳد . ﺎﺗ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧا ﺮﻣاﺮﮔ ﺖﺷرد و ﺰﻳر تﺎﮑﻧ ﻦﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺖﺳا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺑ و راﺮﻓ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﺳﺮﻧ. Comprehension ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻗو ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎرد ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮐ زا ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﻌﺳ بﺎﺘﮐ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻳوﺪﺗ ردﻢﻳا ﻩدﺮﮐ عوﺮﺷ نﺁ اﺰﺟا و ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ار ﺚﺤﺑ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ دﻮﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ. ﺪﻳروﺎﻴﺑ دﺎﻴﺑ ﯽﺳرﺎﻓ نﺎﺑز رﻮﺘﺳد رد ار ﺮﻳز لاﻮﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﯽﻌﺳ ،عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ . ﺎﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻘﻣ بﺎﺘﮐ ﯼﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد تﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻا ﻦﻳا ﻒﻳرﺎﻌﺗﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻪﺴﻳ. ؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ Subject 1- دﺎﻬﻧ ؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻌﻓ ﺎﺑ auxiliary ﯽﮑﻤﮐ ﻞﻌﻓ قﺮﻓ ؟دراد ﯽﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﭼ Verb 2- ﻞﻌﻓ ؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ object 3- لﻮﻌﻔﻣ 4-د لﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ جﺎﻴﺘﺣا ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓا ﻪﭼ اﺪﻴﻧﺰﺑ لﺎﺜﻣ ؟ﺪﻧر. 5-؟ﺖﺳﺎﺠﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد ﺎهﺪﻴﻗ ﻞﺤﻣ؟دراد ﯽﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﭼ ﺪﻴﻗ 6-؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ قﺮﻓ ؟ﺖﺴﻴﭼ Clause ﻩراو ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ phrase 7- ترﺎﺒﻋ قﺮﻓ ﮎرد ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ مود نﺎﺑز ﯼﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻧاﺪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﻧﺁ تﻻاﻮﺳ ﻦﻳا حﺮﻃ زا فﺪهﻪﻧﺎهﺎﮔﺁ ﯼﻮﺤﻧ ﯼﺎهرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ زا ﺎﻣ ﺖﺳا ﯼردﺎﻣ نﺎﺑز رﻮﺘﺳد . ﻪﻠﻤﺟ اﺰﺟا: ا و ﻢﻴهد راﺮﻗ ﻩوﺮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ و ﻢﻴﻨﮐ ﯼﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺳد ار ﯽﻳا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺮه تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻢﻴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻣداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳتﺎﻤﻠﮐ دراﺪﻧ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ .زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻩوﺮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳا: ﺖﺳا. Noun ﻒﻟا-دﺎﻬﻧ :تﺎﻐﻟ ﮓﻨه ﺮﻓ رد ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺖﺳا .Verb ب-ﻞﻌﻓ : ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺖﺳا . Noun ج-لﻮﻌﻔﻣ : ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺖﺳا . Adverb د- ﺪﻴﻗ : ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﺲﻨﺟ لﻮﻌﻔﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻢه و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻢه ﻢﺳا ﯽﻨﻌﻳ. 4 ﺖﺳا ﻞﻌﻓ ،ﺎﻬهوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا رد ﻩوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ . ﺮﻈﻧ زا و ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﯼﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻞﻌﻓ دﺮﮐ ﺎﻋدا ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ رد دراد راﺮﻗ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا رد ﯼﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ . ار ﺎﻬﻧﺁ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯼﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ و ﺪﻴﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد تﺎﻐﻟ زا ﯽﺘﺴﻴﻟ ﺮﮔا ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﺪﻴهﺪﺑ ﻞﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﺪﻳراﺪﻧ .ﺪﻴﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ ار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺮﮔا نﻮﭼ تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﺒﺋﺎﺻ سﺪﺣ ﺪﻴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺑ ار ﻞﻌﻓ عﻮﻧ ﺮﮔا ﺎﻳ و ﺪﻳروﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑﺪﺪﻴﻧﺰﺑ سﺪﺣ ار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ اﺰﺟا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ دﻮﺟو ﺪﻴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻴﻧا . ،دازﺁ ﯼﺎﻬهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رد ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ نﺎﺑز ﯼاﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﺐﺘﮐ ﻪﻴﻠﮐ زا بﺎﺘﮐ ﻦﻳا شرﺎﮕﻧ رد ،ناﺮﻬﺗ مﺎﻴﭘ و ﯽﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ بﻼﻘﻧا زا رﻮﻧﺪﺷ ﻩدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﻮﻨﮐ ﺎﺗ ﯽﮕﻨهﺮﻓﺖﺳا ﻩ.ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺺﺧﻻﺎﺑ /ﺖﻳﺎﺳﺪﻨﺘﺴه ﯼﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﺮﻳز و ﯼاﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓدﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ : ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧا نﺎﺑز شزﻮﻣﺁ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﯼﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳاد و نﻮﺘﻣ ﯼاﺮﺑ: Rong-Chang Li & Bill Bailey.Free ESL Stories and Exercises. http://www.rong- chang.com/qa2 (1994 – 2006) ﯼﺮﻣاﺮﮔ تﺎﻨﻳﺮﻤﺗ ﯼاﺮﺑ: Krohn Robert. English Sentence Structure. USA The University of Michigan Press. 1971 ﯼﻮﺤﻧ ﯼﺎﻬﻣاﺮﮔﺎﻳد ﯼاﺮﺑ: Dobbs, Elizabeth. Syntax Analysis http://web.grinnell.edu/individuals/dobbs/drsyntax/ trans1.html (1998-2006) ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎرد ﯼﺎﻬﻣاﺮﮔﺎﻳد ﯼاﺮﺑ: Col, Jeananda. Graphic Organizers. http://www.EnchantedLearning.com (1998-2005) ﯽﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳﺪﻤﺣا اﺮﺘﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﮐد رﺎﻬﺑ1385 ﺗناﺮﻬ-ناﺮﻳا 5 لوا ﻞﺼﻓ د ﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ: دﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩداد نﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟار ﯼﺮﺒﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻤﺳا دﺎﻬﻧ . ، ﺮﻳز لاﻮﺳ باﻮﺟ"دﺎﻬﻧ "ﺖﺳا. John called the girl. WHO called? John=>subject The book was read. What was read? The book=>subject ﺮه ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻧ ﻩوﺮﮔ ردداد راﺮﻗ ار ﺮﻳز مﻼﻗا زا ﮏﻳ : *ﻢﺳا : Professor Miller 1- ﻞﺜﻣ صﺎﺧ ﻢﺳا coffee 2-مﺎﻋ ﻢﺳا ﺮﻴﻏ ﻞﺜﻣ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ : apples 3- ﻞﺜﻣ ﻊﻤﺟ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ مﺎﻋ ﻢﺳا : 4-ﺪﻳﺎﻴﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ فﺮﺣ ﮏﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺘﺣ ﻪﮐ دﺮﻔﻣ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ مﺎﻋ ﻢﺳا . ﻞﺜﻣ: The apple An apple My apple This apple He 5-ﻞﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﻤﺿ: The old 6-ﻢﺳا ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﺖﻔﺻ : *ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻢﺳا: The classroom is big. 1-ﻪﻴﻟا فﺎﻀﻣ و فﺎﻀﻣ : The big gir l eats a lot. 2-فﻮﺻﻮﻣ و ﺖﻔﺻ: The man in the blue dress came. 3-ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﮏﻳ ﺖﻔﺻ ﯽﺘﻗو فﻮﺻﻮﻣ و ﺖﻔﺻ : The man who is sitting there is my student. 4-ﺖﻔﺻﺖﺳا ﻩراو ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻪﮐ فﻮﺻﻮﻣ و : *ﻩراو ﻪﻠﻤﺟ: That they are good students is known to everybody. *ﯼرﺪﺼﻣ ترﺎﺒﻋ: To understand this lesson is difficult /Understanding this lesson is difficult. *بذﺎﮐ دﺎﻬﻧ: It is not difficult to study English. 6 ﺼﻓ ﻦﻳا ﯼﺎﻬﺘﻧا ردﺪﻴﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻞ: ﻒﻟا :ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ار ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﯼﻮﺤﻧ ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻣ و شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ و شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﺳا. ب :ﺪﻴﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ نﺎﮐرا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﯼور ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ار دﺮﻔﻣ ﻢﺳا و ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺳا. ج- فﻮﺻﻮﻣ و ﺖﻔﺻ –ﺪﻴهد قاﺮﺘﻓا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد ار ﻪﻴﻟا فﺎﻀﻣ و فﺎﻀﻣ. د-رد ار ﯽﻤﺳا ﻩراو ﻪﻠﻤﺟ و ﯽﻤﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺷ ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﯽﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨ. و-ﺪﻴﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ اﺮﻧﺁ عاﻮﻧا و ﺮﻴﻤﺿ . ز-ﺪﻴﻨﮐ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ و ﺐﮐﺮﻣ ﯼﺎه ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد ار دﺎﻬﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ . ح-ﺪﻴهد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد ار دﺎﻬﻧ ﺪﺣاو . 7 دﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻘﻧ رد ﻢﺳا :Uncountable nouns= mass nouns شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ و Count Nouns شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑز رددﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ و شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻩوﺮﮔ ود زا ﯽﮑﻳ رد ﯽﻤﺳا ﺮه ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧا ن . ﯽﻣﺎﺳا ﻼﺜﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ"و ﭻﮔ ،ﻩﺮﮐ ،نﺎﻧ ،ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ،تﻼﮑﺷ " ﻢﻳروﺎﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ترﻮﺼﺑ ار ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻢﻴهاﻮﺨﺑ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ وﺪﻨﺘﺴه شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﻴﻨﮐ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ار ﺖﮐﺎﭘ ﮏﻳ ،ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﮏﻳ ،ﻪﮑﺗ ﮏﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ . ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﺎﺳا ﻦﻳاﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻆﻔﺣ .ﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﮑﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ دﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ Almond دﻮﺨﻧ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ اراﺮﻧﺁ ﻢﻳرﺎﻤﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﻴﻧاﺪﺑ شرﺎﻤﺷ!ا مادﺎﺑ Pea ﺷ ﻢهﻤﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻟو دﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻩدﺮ . ﮏﻳ coffee ﻊﻤﺟ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﯽﻣﺎﺳا زا ﯽﻀﻌﺑﺑﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣ دﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺴ .ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﻪﻤﻠﮐ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ، ﺪﻴهاﻮﺨﺑ ﻩﻮﻬﻗ نﺎﺠﻨﻓ ود و ﺪﻴﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻧارﻮﺘﺳر رد ﺮﮔا ﯽﻟو ﺖﺳا شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا: Two coffee, please. ﺪﺷﺎﺑ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻤﺳا ﻪﮑﻨﻳاﺎﻳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺮﻴﺧ "ﻮﺤﻧ " ﺎﻳ"ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ "ﺮﺛا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺰﺟ ود ﯼور ﺮﺑ اﺮﻳز ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ دراد : ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ و ﻞﻌﻓ )ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻩرﺎﺷا ﺖﻔﺻ.( لوﺪﺟ رد1-1 تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ "ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ "ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﺳا ﻪﻄﺳاو ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩدروﺁ . دراد دﻮﺟو ﺖﺒﺜﻣ باﻮﺟ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺗﻻاﻮﺳ رد . Some * ٌWould you like some apples? Yes, please. : دور ﯽﻣ رﺎﮑﺑ ﻞﻋﺎﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ رد ﻢﺳا و ﯽﻟاﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ،ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ دراﻮﻣ رد . Many/Much** : ﺜﻣ تﻼﻤﺟ مﺎﻤﺗ ردﻟاﻮﺳ ،ﯽﻔﻨﻣ،ﺖﺒﯽدراد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ . a lot of/ lots of *** 8 لوﺪﺟ 1-1-ﺪﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ اﺰﺟا ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺗاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ و ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ : ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﺳا شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا Some* ﯽﻟاﻮﺳ و ﯼﺮﺒﺧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد ﯼراﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ Some apples grow here. ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺳا +ﻊﻤﺟ ﻞﻌﻓ Some milk is here. ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﮐ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا دﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ +دﺮﻔﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ Any ﭻﻴه ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ)ﯽﻔﻨﻣ و ﯽﻟاﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ رد( Do any apples grow here? ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺳا +ﻊﻤﺟ ﻞﻌﻓ Is any of the ink red? ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﮐ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا دﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ +دﺮﻔﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ **Many دﺎﻳز داﺪﻌﺗ Many apples grow here. ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑ. **Much دﺎﻳز رﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑ. Much milk is here. ***A lot of Lots of دﺎﻳز راﺪﻘﻣ A lot of apples grow. A lot of milk is here. =ﻢﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ A few = ﭻﻴه ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ few A few apples grow. ﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شر. =ﻢﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ A little = ﭻﻴه ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ little ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑ. A little milk is here. another Another apple grows. Another two apples are needed. ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺎﺑ. Other Other apples grow. ﺪﻳﺎﻴﺑ : Some /any ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔا Some other time- some other work The Other The other apples grow. The other apple grows. ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻢﺳا ﺎﺑ. 9 ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ1-1 :ﺪﻴهد مﺎﺠﻧا لﺪﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ار ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ: Model: Would you like an apple ? Teacher: Some bread Student: Would you like some bread ? 1- An orange 2-some orange juice 3-some coffee 4-a sandwich 5-some tomato juice 6-some soup 7-a hot dog 8-a banana 9-some tea 10-some sugar 11-an egg 12- Some fruit 13- Some milk ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ1-2ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺎﺑ ار ﯽﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ار ﺪﻴهد مﺎﺠﻧا : Model: He buys a house. Teacher: Apples Student: He buys some apples. 1- table 2- chairs 3- furniture 4- tomatoes 5- tomato soup 6- bananas 7- bread 8- cheese 9- book 10- books 11- soap 12- toothbrush 13- toothpaste 14- orange juice 15- coffee 16- milk 17- sandwich 18- butter 19- car 20- chalk ﻳرﻮﺒﺠﻣ ﻢﻳرﺎﻤﺸﺑ ار شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﯽﻣﺎﺳا ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﯼاﺮﺑﻢﻳﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﯽﻓﺮﻇ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﯼاﺮﺑ ﻢ . A cup of coffee A slice of bread A loaf of bread A piece of paper A bottle of ink A piece of chalk A bar of soap A kilo of butter A tube of toothpaste 10 ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ1-3:ﺪﻴهد مﺎﺠﻧا ار ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ: Model: That store sells pens . You can buy a pen there. Teacher: ink Student: That store sells ink.* You can buy a bottle of ink there. 1- apple 2- coffee 3- milk 4- banana 5- bread 6- orange 7- fruit 8- soap 9- apple 10- butter 11- tea 12- radio 13- chair 14- table 15- furniture 16- tomato 17- tomato juice 18- fruit * ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧا نﺎﺑز ردﻢﺳا ﻩوﺮﮔ ﯽﻋاﺰﺘﻧا ﺎﻳ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﺳا ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ سﻮﻤﻠﻣ و تاذ ﻢﺳا ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﺳا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻢﺳا ﺎﻳ . ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﻣاﺰﻟا نﺁ ﯼاﺮﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ فﺮﺣ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ .ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻣ بﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ تاذ ﻢﺳا ﻩوﺮﮔ ﻢﺳا ﯽﺳرﺎﻓ نﺎﺑز رد ﻪﮑﻴﺗرﻮﺻ رد. ﻦﻳﺮﻤﺗ1-4:ﺪﻴﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ : A few ترﺎﺒﻋ A small number ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ A little ترﺎﺒﻋ A small quantity ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ Many/A lot of ترﺎﺒﻋ A large number ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ Much/A lot of ترﺎﺒﻋ A large quantity ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ MODEL1: I need a small quantity of sugar. > I need a little sugar. MODEL2: I didn’t see a large number of students. > I didn’t see a lot of students. دﺮﺑ رﺎﮑﺑ ﻢه ار . Many ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ود لﺪﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ نﻮﭼ 1- They have a small quantity of money. 2- He has a small number of apples. 3- We don’t have a large number of classes today. 4- We need a large quantity of bread. 5- Do you drink a large quantity of milk? [...]... the music of Mozart 1 philosophy 11 architecture 2 Philosophy of Aristotle 12 architecture of Greece 3 History 13 Greek architecture 4 History of Thailand 14 English 5 Music 15 Japanese 6 music of Mexico 7 Mexican music 8 algebra 9 art 10 art of Netherlands :‫2-ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺒﻬﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ اﺷﺎرﻩ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives : ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ هﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺒﻬﻢ و ﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ اﺳﻤﯽ اﺷﺎرﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ)ﺟﺪول1-1( ﻣﺜﻞ... their tents near the river .‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 1-21 :ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‬ MODEL: Mary is leaving Teacher: John Student: John is leaving Does he have his books? 1- the students 5- My wife 2- John and Mary 6- Your father 3- Bill 7- You and I 4- The man 8- Your friend 20 ‫ﮔﺎهﯽ اوﻗﺎت ﺑﺠﺎﯼ ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮد ن ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ از ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ اﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ‬ ( ’S ) ، ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎدﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﻮم ﺷﺨﺺ‬ :‫’ ( ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻳﻢ.ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ هﺎﯼ... ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﯽ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ He studied with me She is standing beside you They are coming near us :‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ 1-62: ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬ MODEL: Did Mary learn the new words? Student: Yes, she learned them yesterday 1- Did you help his friend? 2- Did Mary study the lesson? 3- Did Paul listen to the radio? 4- Did the students repeat the new words? 5- Did Mr and Mrs Miller look at the painting? 32... John move the table and chairs? 8- Did Paul watch the television? 9- Did John pronounce the new words? 10- Did Mary answer the letters? 11- Did Mary visit Mr Allen? 12- Did Mrs Miller talk to Mary? :‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ1-72: در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯽ و ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ هﻤﺮاﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‬ MODEL: John is leaving Student: Does he have his luggage with him? 1- Mary is leaving 2- John and Mary are leaving... and Mary are leaving 3- Mr Miller is leaving 4- My friends are living 5- My brother is leaving 6- My sister is leaving 7- Mr and Mrs Miller are leaving 8- Mrs Ross is leaving 9- Mr Ross is leaving 10- My father is leaving 11- My parents are leaving 12- I am leaving 13- John and I are leaving :‫( ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻬﺎد ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﮑﺎر روﻧﺪ‬reflexive pronouns) ‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺳﻮم: ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮ اﻧﻌﮑﺎﺳﯽ‬ John bought a book... himself a book 1- Mary wrote a note to herself 2- George is going to buy a coat for himself 3- John made a sandwich for himself 4- Mary is going to bake a cake for herself 5- George is going to find a job for himself 6- George sent a package to himself 7- Bill cut a slice of bread for himself 8- Mr and Mrs Miller are going to build a house for themselves 9- John ordered a hamburger for himself 10- George... رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‬ MODEL: George bought a car Student: George bought a car himself 1- Mary told the story 2- John is going to make dinner 3- George made a sandwich 4- Mary is going to bake a cake 5- George is going to find a job 6- Mr and Mrs Miller are going to build a house 7- George went to the store 8- Alice wrote the letter 34 :‫ در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻬﺎد‬It /there ‫ ﺿﻤﺎﻳﺮﯼ هﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺪون اﺳﻢ... best‬‬ ‫‪The first‬‬ ‫‪The history of Iran‬‬ ‫.‪The west is known as developed countries‬‬ ‫.‪The Mississippi River is in the United States‬‬ ‫.‪The Dominican Republic is in Latin America‬‬ ‫.‪The Netherlands is in Europe‬‬ ‫در ﻣﻮارد زﻳﺮ اﺳﻢ هﻴﭻ ﻧﻮع ﺣﺮف ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﻴﺮد:‬ ‫1- ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻢ ﻏﺬا ‪Breakfast-lunch‬‬ ‫2- اﺳﻢ ﺑﺎزﯼ ‪Football/tennis‬‬ ‫3- ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﺧﺎص در ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺎص ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮاﯼ داﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮز ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ و... ﺧﻮاهﺪ ﻳﮑﯽ دﻳﮕﺮ )ﻣﺠﻠﻪ اﻳﯽ دﻳﮕﺮ( را ﻓﺮدا ﺑﺨﻮاﻧﺪ‬ 1 Mr Miller is writing a letter now 2 George is reading a book now 3 Tom is visiting a museum now 4 Bill is attending a concert now 5 Mr Ross is eating a sandwich now 6 Mr King is drinking a cup of coffee now 7 Mr Taylor is painting a picture now 8 John is studying a lesson in the grammar book now 9 George is learning a conversation now 10 Miss Ford is buying... اﺳﺎﻣﯽ در ﻣﺪل زﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‬Here /there ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ1-11 : ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻮد‬ MODEL: The exercises are easy.(there) Students: Those exercises are easy 1 The chairs are comfortable.(here) 2 The ideas are new and interesting.(here) 3 The students comes from Peru.(there) 4 The students come from Venezuela.(there) 5 The book has a green cover.(here) :‫4-ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﮑﯽ‬ Possessives(my-your-his-her-its-our-your-their) . Elizabeth. Syntax Analysis http://web.grinnell.edu/individuals/dobbs/drsyntax/ trans1.html (1998-2006) ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎرد ﯼﺎﻬﻣاﺮﮔﺎﻳد ﯼاﺮﺑ: Col, Jeananda. Graphic. 1 اﺪﺧ مﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ Reading Comprehension through Syntax ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﮎردﯽﻧاﻮﺧور ﯼﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ "ﻮﺤﻧ" ﻒﻴﻟ ﺎﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳﺪﻤﺣا