Genetic variability, heritability and expected selection gain of quantitative traits in F5 progenies of soybean biparental cross

VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS OUTLINE Genetic variability, heritability and expected selection gain of quantitative traits in F5 progenies of soybean biparental cross SUPERVISOR : Assoc Professor Dr Vu Dinh Hoa DEPARTMENT : Plant Genetics and Breeding STUDENT : Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang CLASS : Advanced Crop Science 57 STUDENT CODE : 575832 HANOI - 2016 TABLE OF CONTENT PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objective and requirement 1.2.1 Objective 1.2.2 Requirement PART 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Classification, origin, and distribution of soybean 2.2 World soybean production and Usage 2.3 Soybean production in Vietnam and usage PART 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Experimental Materials 3.2 Cultural practices 3.3 Data collection 3.3.1 Quality traits of soybean 3.3.2 Growth stages of soybean 3.3.3 Morphological characteristics of soybean 3.3.4 Yield and yield components 3.4 Analysis and treatment of data 3.4.1 Analysis coefficient of variation and heritability 3.4.2 Estimation of quantitatives traits PART 4: WORK PLAN PART 5: REFERENCE PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop cultivated worldwide for its high nutritional value such as protein content (35-40 %), oil content (15-20%) and as food for both human and feed for livestock Soybean originated in China, and spread to many countries such as Asia, United States, Brazil, India, Argentina, Europe Soybean is a leguminous crop that creates an environment as home to symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to ammonia for the growing plant to manufacture amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids This ability has proven to be beneficial to production soybean In the last decades, soybean breeding has developed a great number of new varieties that contribute to sustainable and profitable agriculture Higher yields, early maturity and valuable traits contribute to agricultural productivity in several agro-ecological regions in Vietnam Farmers grow over 190,000 hectares with an average grain yield of 1.5 tones/ha in 2010 Howver, facing with global climate change, soybean varieties must be targeted to specific geographic areas to suit local growing conditions such as soils, temperature, and rainfall are the primary factors controlling yield in soybean Thus soybean breeding is tailored to selecting high-yielding varieties that are adaptable to subotimal conditions Most characters of economic importance in soybean are quatitative traits, including yield, protein content, plant height and maturity The improvement of quantitative traits is effected by environment and breeding methods The methodologies for the selection of parents and crosses with a high genetic potential to produce superior populations now allow a more precise choice of potential parents in relation to quantitative traits (Gomes et al., 2004) The success of selection depends largely on genetic variability of the population under consideration If the heritability and coefficient of variation for the characters are high, then selection progress becomes easier and thus response to selection will be greater Being a self-fertilized crop, the inherent variability of soybean is very much circumscribed In most soybean breeding program, the genetic variability is created by conventinal method of hybridization Thus, the estimations of different genetic parameters such as genetic variation and heritability would provide information about the traits’ variability Furthermore, heritability of a quantitative trait is very important to the breeder, enabling the estimation of heritable portion of the total phenotypic variation, the choice of selection methods, and in determining the response to selection because it implies the extent of transmissibility of traits to the next generation Therefore, the estimation of genetic paramters of the segregating progenies derived from crosses is of great significance to direct the breeding process and selection gain through selecting most desirable genotypes 1.2 Objectives and requirements 1.2.1 Objectives - To estimate the manitude of genetic variability/heritability for quantitative traits of F5 generation of soybean populations and - To determine the genetic advance through selection from segregation progeny 1.2.2 Requirement - Evaluate some quantitative characters of soybean in Summer-Autumn season 2016 - Assess the growth and development of soybean in Summer-Autumn season 2016 PART 2: THE SITUATION OF SOYBEAN IN VIETNAM AND WORD 2.1 Classification, origin, and distribution of soybean Soybean is polyploid origin due to high chromosome number, it includes diploid and tetraploid nature ( 2n = 40 or 4n = 40 ) in the family Leguminousae, and the genus Glycine and, scientific name is Glycine max (L.) Merrill Many species are diverse in morphology, the number of chromosomes and grow in different climate and soil condition and have geographic distribution The soybean ( G.soja) is found throughout China, its distribution in China is most extensive, its diversity of types the richest, its number the largest Over 11 th century B.C., Chinese Emperor Sheng Nung wort Material Medica – the first record of soybean cultivation In that record, soybean were note as being valued for their medicinal purpose Soybeans were first cultivated in northern China From there, their uses spread into Japan, Korea Soybean have been an important source of food for over 4500 years ago Glycine max is found the first in the west by Swedish botanist During the first haft 20th century, China was the world’s largest soybean producer and exporter But in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, soybean production developed rapidly in USA, Brazil, Argentina The areas where soybeans are mainly grown range from cold temperate-climate regions (Northern U.S and Canada) to tropical regions (Indonesia) Temperatures between 22 and 35°C are prime for its growing season, and can affect its flowering dates 2.2 World soybean production and Usage During the last decades, World soybean production and usage of soybean is slightly fluctuated from 175.2 million metric tons in 2000 to 324.2 million metric tons in 2016 ( figure ) Today, most of the world’s soybeans are processed or crushed into soybean meal and oil (Ali 2010) It is estimated that 2% of soybean production is consumed by humans directly as food (Goldsmith 2008) Graph 1: World soybean production and Usage Soybean oil is used in cooking oil, bio-diesel fuel, so on Cooking oil made from soybeans is low in saturated fat and is used to help reduce fat and lower cholesterol in our diets Diesel fuel made from soybean oil is biodegradable, sulfur-free, does not produce explosive vapors and emits a much lower amount of pollutants 2.3 Soybean production in Vietnam and usage Vietnam’s soybean area has increased, production is very small Soybean production is around 160 – 250 thousand tonnes per year, and crop yields are low, between 1-1.5 metric tons/ha In Vietnam, most of soybean production is consumed as human consumption in the form of soy sauce, tofu products, and soymilk Only a small quantity of lower quality soybean is used for animal food Vietnam imports some soybeans for the livestock feed According to goverment, Vietnam imports approximately 200 - 800 thousand tons, mainly from USA, China Graph 2: Vietnam’s soybean imports (2009-2013) 2.4 Quantitative traits in soybean breeding Many important agricultural traits such as crop yield, and component of yields, so on These traits are controlled by multiple genes, each segregating according to Mendel's laws These traits can also be affected by the environment to varying degrees Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits results from segregation at multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL), the effects of which are modified by the internal and external environments (Ilan Paran and Dani Zamir, 2003) Gravois and Mc New (1993) reported that selection to increase yield through improvement of yield components would be most effective if the components were highly heritable This study will have been evaluated seed yield and its component, and selection of breeding adapt to climate environmemt, and create high yield PART 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Plant materials and cultural practices Thirty three F5 families soybean derived from the single cross of VI45032 × 4904, Will be arranged in a randomized copmplete block design with three replications Seeds of each F5 family and the parents will be sown in double row plots of 1.5 square meters Plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm Quantitative traits aree measured from 20 – 30 random individual plants of each plot were recorded, and depend on the number of seed from F4 generation The experiment will be conducted in 2016 Summer – Autumn season at the Experimental Field of the faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Fertilizer will be applied with 500 kg of organic fertilizer, 60 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 90 kg K2O on hectare basis Cultural practices such as irrigation, weeding and pest control will be done as needed 3.2 Data collection and analysis The follwing data will be taken for individual plants in each plot Trait Plant height Unit Stage cm 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest Stem diameter mm Length of internode cm Number of internode on internode the main stem Number of primary branch branches per plant Total number of pod pods per plant pod Number of 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest harvest Harvest Method of measurement + Measure from the top internode of cotyledons to the meristem of the main stem growth + Measuring at 5th, 6th internode on the main stem + Measuring at 5th, 6th, 7th internode on the main stem + Count number of internode on the main stem in stages: 2-3 leaf, flowering and harvest + Count number of primary branches on the main stem + Count total number of pods per plant + Count number of filled pods per plant filled pods per plant Number of oneseeded per plant Number of twoseeded per plant Number of three-seeded per plant Number of seed per plant 100 seed weight Grain yield per plant pod Harvest + Count number of one-seeded per plant pod Harvest + Count number of two-seeded per plant pod Harvest + Count number of threeseeded per plant seed Harvest gram Dry seed after harvest gram + Count number of seed per plant +Weigh samples/family, each sample has 100 seeds + harvest seed on five plants + Clean and weigh seed The data will be analyzed using Excel and IRRISTAT softwares The analysis of varience are presented in the table below: Source of variation DF Mean square Total rg - Replication r-1 F5 families g-1 MS2 σ2e + rσ2g Error (r – 1) x (g – 1) MS1 σ2e The component of variances will be computed as follow: - Genotypic variance among F5 families: σ2g = - Phenotypic variance: Where σ2e/r = environmental variance - Broad sense heritability Expected mean square H= σ2G / Plant selection will be based on simple indices which were are estimated by b i value and phenotype value Function of selection indices is: I = b1P1 + b2P2 + + bnPn Where: bi is the weight of particular component (seed yield, day of maturity, plant height, number of pod) , P is genotype value Expected selection gain (GA) will be calculated using the following formula: GA = iHσP where i = 2.06 (selection intensity of 5%), H = broad sense heritability and σP is the phenotypic deviation WORK PLAN Content Writing proposal Conduct field experiment Data collection and analysis Writing up the thesis 1st month X 2nd month X 3rd month 4th month 5th month X X X X X X X X 6th month 7th month X X X PART 5: REFERENCE Mark Dries, Ag Counselor, Nguyen Thi Huong, Ag.Specialist; Mike Ward, Ag Attaché (2015) Viet Nam oilseeds and products Annual 2015 Vu Dinh Hoa 2005 Giáo trình chọn giống trồng 3 T.J Bhor*, V.P Chimote and M.P Deshmukh (2014) Genetic analysis of yield and yield components in soybean Indian J Agric Res , 48 (6) 446-452, 2014 Gomes, R L F., N A Vello, J A De Azevedo Filho (2004) Genetic analysis of F6 and F6:7 soybean generations Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 4: 3542 Sudarić, A., M Vratarić, T Duvnjak (2003) Quantitative genetic analysis of yield components and grain yield for soybean cultivars Lukman Hakima, Suyamtob and Eman Paturohmana (2014) Genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advances of quatitative characters in F2 progenies of soybean crosses A.Karasu, M Oz1, A.T.Göksoy and Z.M.Turan (2009) Genotype by environment interactions, stability, and heritability of seed yield and certain agronmical traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] African Journal of Biotechnology Vol (4), pp 580-590, 18 February, 2009 Ha Noi, June 29th , 2016 SUPERVISOR STUDENT F Sp ro ut f ste a m m col i or F l o w e r c l i e s o l o r PGPG L S B - 300 330 1 L S B - 139 112 L S B 300 110 L 200 110 S B L S B - 200 110 1 L S B - 311 115 1 L S B - 212 226 L 200 110 S B L S B - 802 213 L S B - 300 110 4 L S B - 201 110 1 L 231 550 S B 1 L S B - 200 110 2 1 L S B - 300 110 2 L S B 1 - 100 110 2 L 001 101 S B L S B - 811 113 L S B - 102 115 L 613 111 S B 1 - L S B - 500 110 L S B - 101 110 L S B - 300 110 L 200 110 S B - L S B - 601 220 L S B - 502 330 L S B - 503 110 L 701 440 S B 3 L S B - 200 110 1 L S B - 441 770 3 L S B - 238 225 2 33.5 33.5 37.5 33.5 33.5 34.5 33.5 34 36.5 35.5 36.5 33.5 36.5 32.5 32.5 36.5 36.5 32.5 34 32.5 33.5 32 32.5 33.5 32.5 32 34 38 38 35 31.5 ... 5%), H = broad sense heritability and σP is the phenotypic deviation WORK PLAN Content Writing proposal Conduct field experiment Data collection and analysis Writing up the thesis 1st month X