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HANOI national university university of languages and International STUDIES Department of Post-graduate studies VƢƠNG THỊ KIM MINH DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIALS OF ENGLISH FOR TOURGUIDING PROGRAM AT HA LONG COLLEGE OF ART, CULTURE AND TOURISM XÂY DỰNG GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH DU LỊCH CHO KHOA DU LỊCH, TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG VĂN HÓA NGHỆ THUẬT VÀ DU LỊCH HẠ LONG M.A MINOR THESIS Field: Methodology Code: 60 14 10 Hanoi, 2009 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com HANOI national university university of languages and International STUDIES Department of Post-graduate studies VƢƠNG THỊ KIM MINH DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIALS OF ENGLISH FOR TOURGUIDING PROGRAM AT HA LONG COLLEGE OF ART, CULTURE AND TOURISM XÂY DỰNG GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH DU LỊCH CHO KHOA DU LỊCH, TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG VĂN HÓA NGHỆ THUẬT VÀ DU LỊCH HẠ LONG M.A MINOR THESIS Field: Methodology Code: 60 14 10 Supervisor: T ô Thị Thu Hƣơng, PhD Hanoi, 2009 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES v INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims of the study Research questions Methodology Scope of the study .3 Design of the study CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 An overview on ESP 1.2 An overview on meterial development 1.2.1 Notion on material 1.2.2 Types of materials 1.2.3 Basic principles for the material development 1.3 Framework for materials development 1.3.1 Material design model 1.3.2 Process of materials writing CHAPTER 2: NEED ANALYSIS 10 Introduction 10 2.1 Situation analysis 10 2.1.1 Training situation 10 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v 2.1.2 Teaching staff and methodology 11 2.1.3 Facilities 11 2.1.4 Existing curriculum and syllabuses 11 2.1.5 Students 12 2.2 Analysis on Tour guides’ opinion 12 2.2.1 The survey 12 2.2.2 Tour guides' opinions on the topics 13 2.2.3 Tour guides’ opinions about the task in a city tour 14 2.3 Analysis on teachers and students’ opinion 16 2.3.1 The survey 16 2.3.2 Opinions on skills which need improvement 17 2.3.3 Opinions on ways of skill practice 18 CHAPTER 3: COURSE BOOK CONTENT 21 3.1 General content 21 3.1.1 Topics 21 3.1.2 Tasks 22 3.1.3 Activities 22 3.2 The detail syllabus 23 3.3 A sample unit 30 CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCES APPENDIXES LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ESP: English for Specific Purposes EFL: English as Foreign Language EGP: English for General Purposes FOT: Faculty of Tourism HLC: Ha Long College of Art, Culture and Tourism LIST IF FIGURES AND TABLES Table 1.1: A materials design model Table 1.2: The process of materials writing Table 2.2: Favorable topics 13 Table 2.2: Tasks needed improvement 15 Table 2.3: Favorable information 15 Table 2.4: Places for lunch 16 Table 2.5: Teacher participants 17 Table 2.6: Student participants 17 Table 2.7: Skills needed improvement 17 Table 2.8: Teacher participants – skill practices 18 Table 2.9: Student participants – skill practices 19 Table 2.10: Practices of the task 20 Table 3.1: Material Topics 21 Table 3.2: Material Activities 22 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com INTRODUCTION Significance of the study Ha Long City appeals thousands of tourists, each year, to explore the typical and unique features of the Bay and some other landscapes with a rich cultural life and diverse tropical elements Ha Long, Quang Ninh is becoming a must-choose destination among lots of interesting locations in Vietnam because it promises a remarkebale tour with true experience of simple daily life of friendly local people Many strategic policies and planning have been developed to tap its tourism potential, as a result, tourism in Quang Ninh province is blooming to become an important national economic branch with the appearance of a wide range of hotels, resorts, types of entertainment and transportation Tourism facilities have been upgraded with a wide range of services including tour guiding, catering and accommodation services Developing at such a rapid speed, the tourism industry in the region requires a good working staff which is not only professional but also fluent in foreign language skills, especially English As an international language, English is becoming more and more popular and communicative in the world In the global integration, English is essential for all fields of economy, including tourism Tourism training is also paid much attention to English so as to provide an abundant resource of skilled, professional and well-English-speaking tourismrelated staff, especially tour guides Students of tourism faculties in all colleges and universities have to take English in their graduation exams However, the Ministry of Education and Training and Vietnam Administration of Tourism have not had a common curriculum of English for Tour Guiding to apply in all colleges and universities nationwide Some existing English curriculums for tourism are too general and not suitable for the tourism environment in Quang Ninth and the English level of students in Ha Long College of Arts, Culture and Tourism The Tourism Faculty of the College was established two years ago and had 20 students in the first year and 23 in the second year In order to enlarge the training scale and to meet the demand of the province, the Faculty of Tourism of Ha Long College of Arts, Culture and Tourism, sooner or later, must design an appropriate ESP curriculum for the college’s tourism students with some distinctive features to meet the needs of the province At present, students in Tourism faculty of Ha Long College are required to learn 150 periods (45-minute/period) of English at intermediate level in the first year Then they take three LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com courses of professional English for Tourism (ET) 1, and The syllabuses/materials for ET1 and ET2 have been written and in the process of evaluation These ET1 and ET2 are conducted in 300 periods and focus on tour guiding and tourism potentials in history, culture, regions, education and socio-economy of Vietnam and Quang Ninh However, to date, no research has been carried out to develop the syllabus/ materials for the ET3 course which is expected to last 100 periods and to contain necessary information on most popular sites in Ha Long city and its surroundings with suitable tasks to improve students’ skill in tour guiding It is really an urgent need to a research to put these ET3 ideas into practice Aims of the study The study aims at: investigating and analyzing the Faculty of Tourism students' needs for the course ET3; providing criteria and principles for the course design and material development; designing an appropriate framework for developing materials for the course CT3 and developing a sample unit with appropriate materials Research questions The study answers two questions: How to design ESP materials for the course ET3? What should be the ESP materials for the course ET3? In order to answer these questions, the study deals with the following sub-questions: For Research Question 1: What is the framework for ET3 material design? What are fundamental steps to follow? For Research Question 2: What is the situation of English teaching and learning at the Faculty of Tourism (FT)? What are the needs and the learning strategies of FT learners? What are the topics on which the materials should focus? What are suitable practice activities attached to the topics? Methodology The study used mixed methods Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used in this study This includes questionnaire survey, interviews, observation, and document analysis LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain ideas on knowledge areas needed for tour guides from students, teachers and some local travel agencies of good reputation Interviews were used during break times, in or after the lessons to obtain various useful suggestions on how to effectively design the syllabus Observations were made to find out the real current situation of teaching and learning English for Tourism at Ha Long College of Art, Culture and Tourism Analysis of related documents was done to verify the obtained information Scope of the study Due to the limitation of time and resources, the study is limited to design a new syllabus and the development of materials for the course ET3 which concentrates on "a city tour of Ha Long and its surroundings" This material is used specifically for the students of Tourism Faculty at Ha Long College of Arts, Culture and Tourism Design of the study The study includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography and appendices The Introduction part provides some general information about the study, consisting of the rationales, significance, aims, methodology, scope and structure of the study The three chapters present the main body of the study They are: Chapter 1, Literature Review provides an overview of ESP course design and material development Chapter 2, Need Analysis, deals with the current situation of ESP teaching and learning at HLC The needs of students are also analyzed Chapter 3, Material Development, discusses the design and content of the proposed materials for English for Tourism for the course ET3 The Conclusion summarizes the main points of the study and provides some pedagogical implications for development of materials for an ESP syllabus and offers some recommendations for further studies LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 AN OVERVIEW ON ESP ESP is a term standing for English for Special Purposes It is, however, not easy for most teachers and students of English to give out an appropriate definition of ESP Even great scholars of language field define ESP from various approaches Hutchison and Waters (1987:18-19): "English is not a particular kind of language or methodology, nor does it consist of a particular type of teaching material" They show that ESP is rooted from the need of learners identified in the question: "Why does the learner need to learn a foreign language?" Likewise, a learner will expose his "specific purpose " of his language learning, such as tourism, business, literature, As a result, ESP definition rises from the need analysis of the learner Robinson (1991:3) supports the idea that ESP is normally goal-directed and that English's courses develop from a need analysis, which aims to specify as closely as possible what exactly that students have to through the medium of English ESP should be put in comparison with GPE (General Purpose English) Widdowson (1983:6) highlights the distinction that "ESP has a training function which is aimed at the development of a "restricted competence", whereas GPE fulfils an educative function and is aimed at the development of "general capacity" This study will use these authors conception of ESP as they appropriately capture the essence of what it means in the specific context of English teaching and learning at Ha Long College 1.2 AN OVERVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT MATERIALS 1.2.1 Notions of material Brian Tomlison (1998:11) defines material in language learning as "anything which is used to help to teach language learners Material can be in the form of a textbook, a workbook, a cassette, a CD-ROM, a video, a photocopied handout, a newspaper, a paragraph written on the board: anything which presents or informs about the language being learned." In that vein, materials not conventionally limit to only textbooks and workbooks but they takes various types They can be printed or not, authentic or non-authentic, original or diversified, But in LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com whatever form they are, the most important function of the materials is instructing language learners Tomlinson (1998:2) also suggests that material development "refers to anything which is done by writers, teachers or learners to provide sources of language input and to exploit those sources in ways which maximize the likelihood of intake: in other words the supplying of information about and/or experience of the language in ways designed to promote language learning" In detail, material developers can such things as writing textbooks, telling stories, creating a handout or imitating an advertisements, ect which provide comprehensible input for an effective language acquisition 2 Criteria for good written materials Tom Hutchinson (1989:107) concentrates on seven “musts” as criteria to evaluate whether some written materials are good or not, some of which should be paid much attention as follows: - Materials must stimulate students to learn: in other words, it is in students’ interest so that it can boost their motivation in learning - Materials must contribute to organize the teaching and learning process: It must consist of a coherent string of units, in which a huge amount of knowledge is arranged in a scientific system - Materials must function in widening the basis of teacher training by introduce teachers to new techniques - Materials must provide correct and appropriate language use 1.2.3 Basic principles for material development According to Brian Tomlinson (1998:7-21), there are many principles for developing materials, among which the most basic are: - Materials should achieve impact through: novelty, variety, attractive presentation and appealing content - Materials should help learners to feel at ease to stimulate the learners' studying spirit - What is being taught should be perceived by the learners as relevant and useful - Materials should expose learners to language in authentic use - Materials should not rely too much on controlled practice LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 34 Their wedding was held ………… A at a center of a grotto B at the biggest island C the island at the center The "roof of heaven" is supported by …………… A the base B the largest stone C four big pillar Which images does not exist in the stone? A Sun B Flowers C Birds You can hear the sound of ………… made by the wind blowing through the stone A a beating drum B romantic flute C waving water Listen again and mark the sentences with True (T) or False (F) ……… The wedding of the Couple lasted in seven days and nights ……… There are images of scenes of human life in the stone of the grotto ……… On the south wall of the grotto, a group of fairies seems to be singing and dancing ……… There is a natural stream of water babbles throughout the year in the grotto ……… Two of three small ponds meander out of the grotto Interpret the second listening part into Vietnamese D speaking Mark the highlights about Ha Long Bay and introduce it to others A competition between two groups is encouraged LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 35 For example: - in the North-East region of Vietnam - having 1,969 islands Why is it the best place to visit? a Match the names with the pictures Do you know where they are? Loch Ness Lake Mount Fuji Great Wall Work in group of 4-6 students Imagine you work for a travel agency You are giving information about one of the following famous landscapes to your customers - Halong Bay, Vietnam LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 36 - Loch Ness Lake, Scotland (UK) a large, deep freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands 15.8 meters above sea level extending for approximately 37 km southwest of Inverness best known for the legendary Loch Ness Monster - Mount Fuji, Japan a part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park the highest mountain in Japan at 3,776 meters having an exceptionally symmetrical cone a dormant volcano that last erupted in 1707 surrounded by five lakes: Lake Kawaguchi, Lake Yamanaka, Lake Sai, Lake Motosu and Lake Shoji - Great Wall, China the only human work that would be visible to the human eye from the moon a centuries-long project, built since the 5th century stretching over approximately 6,700 km (4,160 miles) in total to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire mainly builtt from soil, stones, wood and later (in Ming dynasty) from bricks about of to million Chinese died when building the wall c Tell other students about the place you choose For example: I think Ha Long Bay is your best choice E Writing How to summarize a report or an article? - Have a quick look over the essay to answer the questions: What is the essay about? How many paragraphs are there? LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 37 - In each paragraph, find out the topic sentence which is often at the beginning or at the end of the paragraph However it is the fact that many paragraphs not have their own topic sentence Then it is your duty to get the main idea of all the paragraphs Look again at the passage of Ha Long Bay and answer the questions: - How many paragraphs are there in the passage? - Which paragraphs have the topic sentence? - Which paragraph should not mentioned in the summary? Summarize the reading text “Ha Long Bay” - THE END OF UNIT – Summary This chapter has proposed a general and a detailed syllabus including tasks and activities to obtain the objectives of each lesson The full rest of the materials will be finished in the near future and used for ET3 program in FOT, HLC LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 38 CONCLUSION Tourism in Quang Ninh province is blooming to become an important national economic branch with the appearance of a wide range of hotels, resorts, types of entertainment and transportation Developing at such a rapid speed, the tourism industry in the region requires a good working staff which is not only professional but also fluent in foreign language skills, especially English In order to enlarge the training scale and to meet the demand of the province, the Faculty of Tourism of Ha Long College of Arts, Culture and Tourism have designed a specialized English programme which consists of ET1, ET2 and ET3 The materials for ET1 and ET2 have been written and in the process of evaluation But no research has been so far carried out to develop the materials for the ET3 course which is expected to contain necessary information on most popular sites in Ha Long city and its surroundings It is really an urgent need to a research to put these ET3 ideas with suitable tasks to improve students’ skill in tour guiding into practice Summary of the study To build materials for the course ET3 – “a city tour of Ha Long city and surroundings”, I have tried to answer the two research questions “How to design ESP materials for the course ET3?” and “What should be the ESP materials for the course ET3?” Firstly, I have reviewed the related literature of ESP and the two aspects: material development and framework for materials development Later, by questionnaire survey, interview and observation, I collected data on various elements attached to my proposed materials The main results are as follow: Curriculum and syllabuses divided into general English and specialized English for Tourism The latter consists of ET1 and ET2 which focus on knowledge of Vietnam’s tourism potentials and its UNESCO Heritages It should be supplemented with details on tourism potentials in Quang Ninh LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 39 Students meet some certain requirements of English just from the first year During the second and the third year, they are familiar with doing assignments, projects and small research to search information Teachers have a good background They are enthusiastic and have a modern and effective approach to English teaching They also have experience in applied modern technology in teaching English Generally, both teachers and students in HLC are eager to start the new syllabus ET3 The topics chosen are: Ha Long Bay, International Resort of Tuan Chau, Bai Chay Beach, Trade Center of Ha Long, Cat Ba resort, Royal International Park, Yen Tu Cultural and Historical relics and foods in Ha Long The tasks are welcoming tourists, introducing, announcing ground rules, giving information, answering tourists’ questions, arranging lunch for tourists and solving problems The language skills in concentration of practice are listening, interpreting, reading and speaking The syllabus includes units, each of which reaches a certain learning target with particular reading, tasks and practice activities Implication for ET3 material design Designing ET3 materials should be in the light of those pedagogical implications: a The syllabus should be open and be a believable source of abundant information b The reading should be quoted of reborn from magazines like Heritage, Vietnam Discovery… or from Internet with clear source addresses c The materials should be modified to be appropriate with the students’ level and learning objectives d The materials adopt the learner-center approach Limitation of the study LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 40 Limitations are inevitable in this thesis First, time limitation resulted in a constraint of data collection from tour guides FOT was newly born, so that number of students is small, therefore only 90 students were invited into the survey Those conditions will make the results of analysis is somehow unbiased Secondly, I know that activities are not very diversified due to my limited experiences in materials development Suggestion for further study Regarding material development in FOT, HLC, there are some aspects that need further investigation, such as research to investigate students’ use and evaluation of the materials Moreover, other syllabuses also need to be improved or designed by other researches I really hoped that this thesis would make contribution to the progress of ESP training at FOT, HLC LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com I QUESTIONNAIRE For Working Tourguides I am designing a new specialized English material of tour guiding on "a city tour of Ha Long and surroundings" for the third-year students at Tourism faculty, Halong College of Art, Culture and Tourism I would like to have some information related to some important aspects of need analysis for this syllabus Your cooperation by completing all the following items is highly appreciated FAVORABLE STOPS DURING A TOUR OF HA LONG AND SURROUNDINGS Would you please rate the following stops due to their popularity? (number is the most popular) Ha Long Bay Trade center of Ha Long Tuan Chau resort Cua Ong temple Royal international park Tra Co resort Bai Chay beach 10 Cultural and historical Bai Tho mountain relics of Yen Tu Cai Lan port TOURGUIDE'S TASKS ON A CITY TOUR Arrange those required tasks of the tour guide in order of occurrence in a city tour? Please add more if any Welcome the tourists Arrange lunch for the tourists Introduce the tour Solve problems Announce ground rules (Others) Give information Answer the tourists' questions RELEVANT INFORMATION What information is usually given to the tourists? Or what they usually ask about? At Ha Long bay and Bai Chay beach: LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com II At parks and resorts (Royal park, Tuan Chau resort, Van Don resort, ): At historical sites (Bai Tho mountain, Yen Tu Pagoda, Cua Ong Temple, ): At other places of interest: STOPS FOR LUNCH Would you please rate the following places for tourists' lunch due to their popularity? (Number is the most popular) A local food restaurant A western restaurant A fast food restaurant A food stall on a boat A restaurant in the hotel (Other) A food stall on the street SPECIALITIES Please name most attractive local specialties to the tourists …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Your name: Your company: THANK YOU VERY MUCH! LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com III QUESTIONNAIRE For Teachers I am designing a new specialized English material of tour guiding on "a city tour of Ha Long and surroundings" for the third-year students at Tourism faculty, Halong College of Art, Culture and Tourism I would like to have some information related to some important aspects of need analysis for this syllabus Your cooperation by completing all the following items is highly appreciated SKILLS NEEDED IMPROVEMENT Would you please rate the following skills due to their effects on your students’ confidence? (Number is the one in which your students seem the most confident) Listening Writing Speaking Interpreting Reading TOURGUIDES' SKILLS PRACTICE Tick before activities you enjoy to improve your students' skills a Listening b Reading □ Gap filling □ Jigsaw reading □ Table completing □ Matching description with pictures □ Note taking □ Gap filling □ True - false stating □ Finding synonyms and antonyms □ Answering questions □ Guessing word's meaning □ Multiple choice □ True- false stating □ Diagram drawing □ Skimming/ scanning to answer questions □ Matching letters or pictures □ Re-arranging paragraph in a right order □ Practice words appearing in the text LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com IV c Speaking □ Presenting with visual aids □ Discussing in groups □ Role playing □ Game playing d Interpreting □ Interpreting sentence to sentence □ Interpreting some sentences □ Interpreting simultaneously TOURGUIDE'S TASKS ON A CITY TOUR These are the main tasks of tour guides How you want your students to be trained for them? Tasks by watching by reading by model about it practicing other Welcome the tourists Introduce the tour Announce ground rules Give information Answer the tourists' questions Arrange lunch for the tourists Solve problems Your name: THANK YOU VERY MUCH! LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com V QUESTIONNAIRE For Students I am designing a new specialized English material of tour guiding on "a city tour of Ha Long and surroundings" for the third-year students at Tourism faculty, Halong College of Art, Culture and Tourism I would like to have some information related to some important aspects of need analysis for this syllabus Your cooperation by completing all the following items is highly appreciated SKILLS NEEDED IMPROVEMENT Would you please rate the following skills due to their effects on your confidence (Number is the one in which you are the most confident) Listening Writing Speaking Interpreting Reading TOURGUIDES' SKILLS PRACTICE Tick before activities you enjoy to improve your tour guide skills a Listening b Reading □ Gap filling □ Jigsaw reading □ Table completing □ Matching description with pictures □ Note taking □ Gap filling □ True - false stating □ Finding synonyms and antonyms □ Answering questions □ Guessing word's meaning □ Multiple choice □ True- false stating □ Diagram drawing □ Skimming/ scanning to answer questions □ Matching letters or pictures □ Re-arranging paragraph in a right order □ Practice words appearing in the text LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VI c Speaking □ Presenting with visual aids □ Discussing in groups □ Role playing □ Game playing d Interpreting □ Interpreting sentence to sentence □ Interpreting some sentences □ Interpreting simultaneously TOURGUIDE'S TASKS ON A CITY TOUR These are the main tasks of tour guides How you want to be trained for them? Tasks by watching by reading model about it by other practicing Welcome the tourists Introduce the tour Announce ground rules Give information Answer the tourists' questions Arrange lunch for the tourists Solve problems Your name: Your class: THANK YOU VERY MUCH! LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VII TAPESCRIPT Part 1: Hey, look at the magnificent grotto in front of you! This recently discovered grotto is one of the most beautiful ones in Ha Long Bay Thien Cung is situated on the southwest side of the bay, km from the wharf outside of Ha Long City It is located in a small range of islands that resemble a throne embracing two superb grottoes at its core The way to Thien Cung is perilous, covered on both sides by thick forests After entering a narrow gate, the magnificent, 130m - long grotto opens up Part 2: According to a legend, a beautiful young lady named May caught the eye of the Dragon Prince and he fell in love with her They were betrothed and got married in the very center of the grotto All of the scenes of their wedding, which lasted for seven days and seven nights, have been seemingly fossilized in the grotto In the center, there are four large pillars supporting the "roof of heaven" From the base to the top, many strange images seem to exist in the stone, including birds, fish, flowers and even scenes of human life On the north wall of the grotto, a group of fairies seems to be singing and dancing in honor of the wedding Under the immeasurably high roof, stalactites form a natural stone curtain There is also the sound of a beating drum made by the wind blowing through the stone In the last chamber of the grotto, a natural stream of water babbles throughout the year Here there are three small ponds of clear water and one path meanders out of the grotto LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIII REFERENCES Cohen, C and Cooper R.L (1986), Language and tourism Annals of Tourism Research Vol 13, pp 533-363 Dudley-Evans, T and St John, M.J (1998), Developments in English for specific purposes: a multi-disciplinary approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1998) Flore, Z (1996), A Sociological and Sociolinguistic Portrait Indiana University Hutchinson, T and Waters, A (1090), English for specific purposes: A learning center approach, CUP Kennedy, C and Bolitho, R (1984), English for specific purposes London: Macmillan Krashen, S.D (1981), Communicative Language Teaching: An Introduction Cambridge University Press Nhai, Nguyen (2006), Building English Materials of Tourism at Tourism Faculty, Open University Robinson, P.C (1991), ESP today: A Practioner’s guide Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd Tomlinson, B (1998), Materials Development in Language Teaching, Cambridge University Press 10 Widdowson, H.G (1998), Communication and community the pragmatics of ESP, English for Specific Purposes Vol 17, pp 3-14 Websites: http://www.asian-efl-journal.com http://www.esp-world.com http://www.bettereflteacher.blogspot.com LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ... What is the situation of English teaching and learning at the Faculty of Tourism (FT)? What are the needs and the learning strategies of FT learners? What are the topics on which the materials. .. concentrates on "a city tour of Ha Long and its surroundings" This material is used specifically for the students of Tourism Faculty at Ha Long College of Arts, Culture and Tourism Design of the. .. lead the materials to the lack of "the final touch to the teacher and students" Therefore, they also appreciate the importance of the student use of materials and the step of material evaluation
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