INTRODUCTION
Rationale
For centuries, the press has always played an important role in transmitting information to the wide public, and in that way, it exerts considerable influence on the public, governments, and almost all other social entities Therefore, journalists always find ways to improve their articles The headline of a newspaper can be seen as the most important part of an article
In other words, it is a crucial part that attracts readers The headline is always the first thing that readers pay attention to when they want to read or buy a newspaper It serves as a guide for readers to decide whether to continue reading the whole article or move to another one Therefore, a headline needs to be titled carefully and creatively The more eye-catching and impressive a headline is, the more readers the newspaper attracts
There is no surprise that many newspapers are saturated with strategies to draw readers‟ attention Among those strategies is the use of puns
Although they may share certain similarities, puns tend to be unique forms and specific to each language Puns are also special forms of humor based on semantic ambiguity, polysemy, homophony, amongst others Speakers and writers use the similarities of sounds and meanings to create surprises in the listeners and readers‟ interpretation
Understanding puns is part of the process of language acquisition, so puns are part of charm that belongs to any language Learning to understand puns in a new language is both a cause and a consequence of language proficiency
However, even native speakers need to utilize a great deal of linguistic information and background knowledge to understand a pun Without adequate background knowledge and cultural understanding, readers or listeners are likely to encounter difficulty understanding puns in another language Likewise, Vietnamese learners who study English encounter many difficulties in comprehending puns, especially English puns in newspaper headlines Obviously, it is not simply the matter of vocabulary It is language and cultural understanding The unique characteristics of puns pose a great challenge to Vietnamese learners of English when they begin to read English newspapers
This is the reason why I decided to conduct the research “A contrastive analysis of English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines” My expectation is that this research will help Vietnamese learners of English comprehend the use of puns and distinguish the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines.
Aims of the study
In light of Contrastive Analysis, the study attempts to help readers and learners gain better knowledge about puns in general and puns in English and Vietnamese in particular In addition, from this research, readers or learners can have some reference to make their own interpretation of puns in English or Vietnamese newspaper headlines which they encounter in real life.
Research questions
The study is an attempt to analyze and contrast puns in English and Vietnamese newspaper headlines Therefore, the research seeks answers to the following questions:
- What are the similarities between puns in English newspaper headlines and their counterpart in Vietnamese in terms of punning method?
- What are the differences between puns in English newspaper headlines and their counterpart in Vietnamese in terms of punning method?
Scope of the study
Like all other linguistic phenomena, puns can be examined in different aspects Moreover, as a verbal product of human intelligence, it is very abundant and diverse So, surely there will be innumerable issues about punning to be discussed However, within the framework of an M.A thesis, the study cannot cover all aspects of puns but limits to some major linguistic features and types of English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines.
Methods of the study
The study is conducted as an attempt to understand more about the nature of puns which are used in English and Vietnamese newspaper headlines Given this nature of the study, comparative and contrastive methods will be used as the principal methods Besides, descriptive and analytical methods are also used to clarify data in the study.
Structure of the thesis
The thesis is structured in three parts:
In part I, the reasons for choosing the topic, the aims, the research questions, the research methods, the scope and the structure of the thesis are introduced Part II, which is the main part of the thesis, consists of three chapters
Chapter 1 is the Literature Review The methodology used in the study is presented in the second chapter It includes a description of data collection and data analysis procedures used in the study The findings of the study are presented in the third chapter
Part III provides the conclusion of the study, its limitations as well as suggestions for further research.
DEVELOPMENT
LITERATURE REVIEW
Puns have been a subject of studies by a lot of linguists in English as well as Vietnamese at different levels
Ling, X (2006) views puns from the angle of language function to analyze typical functions of puns in English advertisements He founds that the most distinctive functions in English advertisements are aesthetic function and vocative function Vocative function of puns refers to the language function that the readers may take actions to do as the text expects Aesthetic function refers to the language function that can create a sense of beauty among readers
Stelter, J (2011) in her study investigate hypotheses related to puns in English and German based on a bilingual corpus of 2400 jokes from published collections From testing these hypotheses, she points out distinctive features of puns in English and German While the former inclines puns that use linguistic phenomena and devices such as homophony, phrasemic ambiguity and syntactic ambiguity, the later depends on systemic ambiguities
For the pedagogical purpose, Lems, K (2013) pays much attention to the way of teaching English using puns in class With her fresh view, teaching and studying seem to be more interesting She believes that if students in a class can laugh together, they likely to learn better together, too
Giorgadze, M (2014) investigates deeply the linguistics features of pun and its classification From his study, the new classification is set up with three types of puns: lexical-semantic puns, structural-syntactic puns and structural-semantics puns
Monsefi, R., & Mahadi, T S T (2016) are interested in wordplay in English Online New Headlines They find that the most frequent wordplay in these headlines is that of tropes or more specifically metonymy
In Vietnamese, Lê Trung Hoa and Hồ Lê (2013) point out types of puns in Vietnamese with clearly explained examples Their work demonstrates the variety and diversity of puns in Vietnamese as well as the creativity of Vietnamese people in using puns
Trần Thị Thu Hiền (2011) conducts a study to examine word-playing methods used by manufacturers in their advertisements in English and Vietnamese
Despite their extensive use in many languages, up to now a contrastive analysis of English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines has not been taken into consideration in any studies For this reason, the thesis is carried out to investigate in-depth on this issue
1.2 Definitions of newspaper headline and its functions
In “The Language of Newspaper” (2002: 13), Reah stated that a newspaper headline is “a unique type of text that consists of a range of functions that specifically dictate its shape, content, and structure, and it operates within a range of restrictions that limit the freedom of the writer”
According to Ungerer (2000:48), “a headline describes the essence of a complicated news story in a few words It informs quickly and accurately and arouses the reader’s curiosity” In “Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary
Third Edition”, headline is defined as “the title of a newspaper article printed the title of an article It is a condensed form of writing and enables readers to know the whole content of the news in a few words
According to Conboy (2007), headlines serve three important functions
First, they provide a brief summary of the main news to the reader; hence, readers do not have to read the whole story to capture the point Secondly, newspaper headlines attract attention Headlines draw people‟s attention by various font sizes and vocabulary used Finally, they often provide an initial indicator of the content and style of the news value of the newspaper This is an important way for newspapers to appeal to the audience
Puns are a figure of speech commonly used in all languages The English punning tradition goes back a long time and the greatest punsters include William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde and Lewis Carroll Now, puns are still frequently used in English speaking countries in many genres such as riddles, jokes, humorous quotations, advertising slogans and newspaper headlines In Vietnam, punning has existed for a long time from old folk songs to modern written literature It actually enriches Vietnamese literature and culture by exploiting the potentials of language
Puns are defined in various ways In “Longman Dictionary of
American English” (2008: 825), pun is considered “an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings or of words with the same sound at different meanings”
Keith Brown and Jim Miller (2013: 366) claim that pun is “a play on words for humorous effect”
Wales (2001: 326) emphasizes that a pun is an ambiguity; specifically, a foreground lexical ambiguity It involves the use of a polysemous word to suggest two or more meanings; or the use of homonyms, i.e different words which look or sound the same but having different meanings The whole point of a pun, however, is the user‟s intent to produce a humorous or witty effect from the juxtaposition of meanings Thus puns commonly occur in jokes
Delabastita (1996:128) implies pun as “the general name for the various textual phenomena in which structural features of the language(s) used are exploited in order to bring about a communicatively significant confrontation of two (or more) linguistic structures with more or less similar forms or more or less different meaning”
Hoàng Phê and other Vietnamese scholars (2003: 172) assert that pun is the use of homophones, polysemy and so on in a language to create a specific effect in an utterance such as humor, criticism and others
From the above definitions, it can be concluded that pun is a figure of speech which intentionally uses some phenomena of a language based on meanings, sounds or structures to make an utterance produce at least two different readings Humorous or any other effects are created by puns depend on the ambiguities words entail
There is no consensus among scholars on the difference between wordplay and a pun Some scholars underline these two terminologies mostly interchangeable and synonymous terms (Delabastia, 1996) By contrast, Giorgadze, M (2014) claims that pun is one of the types of wordplay, whereas wordplay is classed as an umbrella term denoting all the subclasses
METHODOLOGY
To carry out the contrastive analysis with the purpose exploring the similar and different characteristics of punning methods used in English and Vietnamese newspaper headlines, many headlines from various newspapers are collected Many newspapers as well as articles were randomly selected in order to ensure the objectivity of the study and the diversity of the data is guaranteed The headlines were issued from 2006 to 2017 The headlines taken for analysis belong to various fields such as culture, politics, health, sports, etc
The number of English headlines reached a total of 100, which come from 51 English newspapers They are from both printed newspapers and online ones These newspapers are quite popular in English cultures For example, “The Sun” seems to be famous for their humor by using puns and actually it has been existed for a long time It is also considered one of the best sellers in United Kingdom
The Vietnamese counterparts are made up of 100 headlines from 31 printed and online newspapers There are much more newspaper headlines using puns in online sources than printed ones The reason is that may be the language found in Internet is more flexible In addition, the subjects each kind of papers gearing readers to products is different Online newspapers attract the young while printed ones are for adults or the old Therefore, it can be easier to find headlines using puns in online versions
This research first analyzed the punning methods used in English and Vietnamese newspaper headlines Then, general characters and differences and similarities were identified
At the start, the investigation began with a description of punning methods in English and then Vietnamese The analysis was based on the theoretical framework provided in the previous chapter
In the following step, the researcher synthesized all punning methods analyzed previously and did statistical computations on the percentage for each typical method of English and Vietnamese headlines Then, explanations as well as conclusions were given.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the results of the study will be discussed with relevant citations from puns in English and Vietnamese headlines The two research questions will be answered in turn
3.1 English and Vietnamese headlines using homonymic puns
Among the collected data, 14 English headlines and 5 Vietnamese headlines utilize this linguistic phenomenon Homonymic puns are one of the most common types of pun in both English and Vietnamese Usually, this type makes use of the homonymous relations between the words to provide a headline with at least two different interpretations Both English and Vietnamese languages are abundant in homonyms, which is a necessary condition to make homonymic puns One source of homonyms is phonetic changes As a result, words that were formally pronounced differently may develop identical sound forms and become homonyms “Night” and
“knight”, for example, were not homonyms in Old English as the initial “k” in the second word used to be pronounced However, “k” is dropped in modern sound form In Vietnamese, “lợi” - “profit” is sometimes replaced by “lời” - “profit”, which is homonymous with “lời” – “word” Borrowing is another source of homonyms A borrowed word may duplicate in form either a native word or another borrowing For instance, “rite”, “write” and “right” are homonyms, but “write” and “right” are of native origin, whereas “rite” is a Latin borrowing A couple of Vietnamese homonyms are “sút 1 ”- “to move suddenly or quickly in one direction” or to “kick a ball strongly to make it move fast in certain direction or at certain goal” and “sút 2 ” – “decline” The former is a borrowing of the English origin “shoot”, while the latter is native
Shortening is a further type of word building, which increases the number of homonyms “Fan” which means “enthusiastic admirer of some kind of sport or of an actor, singer, etc.” is a shortening form of “fanatic” It is homonymous with the word “fan” which means “a machine with blades that go round to create a current of air”
The examples below explain clearly the use of homonymic puns in several newspaper headlines
Example 1: “Ho!Ho!Ho Santa Spitz bears gifts for Lis’ folks” (New York Post- December 26, 2014)
On Christmas Eve, former New York governor Eliot Spitzer and his long-suffering wife Silda announced they were getting divorced The couple had been living apart for months, and days earlier the New York City tabloids had revealed Spitzer was "shacking up with" Lis Smith Smith had worked as communications director on Spitzer's failed comptroller bid and was currently New York City mayor-elect Bill de Blasio's spokesperson The new couple spent Christmas together Spitzer came to the Smiths‟ house for Christmas dinner He was caught red-handed when bringing many gifts for his new lover Lis Smith‟s parents On December 26, 2013, New York Post releases the article “Ho!Ho! Ho! Santa Spitz bears gifts for Lis’ folks” Spitzer is compared with Santa Claus bringing many presents and laughing “Ho! Ho!
Ho!” However, “Ho” is also a homonymous word Not only is it the sound of laughter but it also means “a female prostitute” The headline makes pun with the homonymous word “Ho” in order to criticize the former New York City Mayor, Eliot Spitzer for patronizing high-priced prostitutes
Example 2: “Big rig carrying fruit crashes on 210 Freeway, creates jam” (Los Angeles Time – May 20, 2013)
A large lorry overturned on the 210 Freeway, which causes traffic jam in the San Gabriel Valley Appearing in The Los Angles Time, the headline
“Big rig carrying fruit crashes on 210 Freeway, creates jam” creatively exploits the homonymous word “jam” to pun “Jam” means traffic congestion, but it also means a thick sweet substance made from fruit and sugar This is a very funny and witty way because the incident relates to the lorry carrying fruits
Example 3: “Lúa “điếc” và hội chứng “lãng tai” – (Tuoitre.vn April
The article is about the rice plants which grow near the highway and cannot enter their reproductive phase The reason comes from the light of the street lights affecting the usual development of rice plants The word “điếc” refers to a person unable to hear anything Besides, it also implies the unusual growth The irresponsibility of people in project management unit is strongly condemned
3.2 English and Vietnamese headlines using homophonic puns
While homophonic puns are used in 10 headlines in English, not any Vietnamese headline uses them It can be explained that the English spelling system does not maintain consistent correspondence to pronunciation, i.e the principle that one certain letter or letter combination represents only one sound Unlike phonogrammic spelling systems like Russian, Korean or Vietnamese, one English sound can be represented by different letters or letter combinations, and one letter or combination of letters can represent different sounds Therefore, it is not difficult to find two or even three English words having the same sound but different spellings
However, in the Vietnamese language, words that share the same spelling are normally pronounced the same (Xtankevich, 1982), i.e one sound is consistently represented by a certain letter or letters, with only a few exceptions Therefore, it is hard to find any Vietnamese words that sound the same but are spelt differently
The following examples give readers a closer look at homophones used to create puns in English newspaper headlines
Example 4: “The Son” (The Sun, July 22, 3013)
On July 22, 2013, The Sun newspaper made a pun in its name in honor the royal arrival The Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton, gave birth to the couple‟s first child, a son, on Monday afternoon at a London hospital
Therefore, The Sun newspaper adjusted its name into “The Son” “Sun” /sʌn/ and “son” /sʌn/ are homophones which are punned skillfully to refer to the gender of royal newborn baby
Example 5: “Broken Hart” (Aftonbladet, June 16, 2012)
On June 16, 2012, Swedish daily newspaper, Aftonbladet, takes an early swipe at the England team ahead of the Group D clash between the two sides on Friday night Aftonbladet mocked up a front page of the “Daily
Mirror” to reflect a crushing defeat for England at the hands of Erik Hamren's side They lead with the headline "Broken Hart" and picture England keeper
Joe Hart distraught after apparently conceding at least four goals The pun is based on the similar sound between the name of English goalkeeper “Joe
Hart” and the fixed expression “broken heart”
3.3 English and Vietnamese headlines using paronymic puns
My data count 66 English headlines using paronymic puns However, only 11 Vietnamese headlines use this type In three punning methods based on the level of similarity concerning sounds and spelling, paronymic puns predominate in numbers in the English language Actually, this type of pun is quite eye-catching and easy to raise readers‟ curiosity According to Lems, K
(2013), this is the hardest one in the three types because paronymic puns require making an association between two words that have nothing in common but similar sounds Fortunately, this study focuses on newspaper headlines, so images relating to events will be interesting tips that help readers find a relation between words easier
Example 6: “Shoe-cide attack” (Daily News, December 14, 2008)
CONCLUSION
Recapitulation
The use of puns in newspaper headlines is to attract the readers‟ attention and to give the readers the pleasure of understanding the puns
As stated previously, this research is an attempt to contrast the features of English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines in order to explore the similarities and differences between them The study focuses on two main objectives The first one is to point out the characteristics of each type of puns in general The second one is to find out their major similarities and differences
The research analyzes examples of both English and Vietnamese newspaper headlines to clarify typical features of punning methods such as homonymic, homophonic, paronymic, meaning transference-based and idioms-based puns Then, punning methods are compared in English and Vietnamese After comparing the data, some similarities and differences have been drawn out with specific explanations
The major findings of the study include the similarities and differences
As for the former, English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines have communicate purposes in common The aims of puns here are not only to produce humorous and amusing effects, but also make irony, satire and criticism For contrastive analysis concerns differences more than similarities, the study puts more focus on different points Vietnamese newspaper tends to use meaning transference-based and idiom-based puns in headlines while English use puns based on the similarity of sounds such as homophonic, homonymic and paronymic puns To express thoughts and feelings,
Vietnamese people tend to beat around the bush whereas English people are more direct or straightforward Besides, due to the irregular spelling rules, English has a distinctive type of pun, which are homophonic puns, compared to Vietnamese.
Limitations of the study
The study has some limitations that should be taken into consideration in future research The first limitation is the small number of headlines The second one is the limited adequate knowledge of the writer about explaining the causes leading to the differences between English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines.
Implications
The results of this study will be more meaningful if they are applied into the process of learning English in Vietnam Today, in Vietnam, a huge number of people learn English However, most of them ignore the importance of some special linguistic and cultural elements in the process of learning This leads to the fact that learners have difficulty in reading even communicating with English speaking people In addition, the lack of mentioned knowledge sometimes causes cultural shocks in certain communicative situations From this research, it can be said that newspaper headlines are a good source to increase the knowledge of English and Vietnamese language.
Suggestions for further studies
For the further research, there are many other aspects that need more investigations Among those aspects, the syntactic features of English and Vietnamese puns in newspaper headlines are worth studying in further research
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7 James, C (1980) Contrastive Analysis London: Longman
8 Lems, K (2011) Pun Work Helps English Learners Get the Joke The
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10 Longman Dictionary of American English (2008) 4 th ed United Kingdom: Pearson
11 Monsefi, R., & Mahadi, T S T (2016) Wordplay in English Online News Headlines Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(2203-
12 Oxford Learner's Pocket Dictionary (2003) China: Oxford University
13 Reah, D (2002) The Language of Newspapers 2nd ed London:
14 Richards, J.C and Schmidt, R (2010) Longman Dictionary of
Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4 th ed Great Britain:
15 Robert, L (1957) Linguistics Across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for
Language Teacher United States: University of Michigan Press
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17 Stelter, J (2011) To pun or no to pun? A contrastive study of paronomastic jokes in English and German Languages in Contrast, 11(1), 23-39
18 Ungerer, F (ed.) (2000) English Media Text Past and Present Language and Text Structure Amsterdam/ Philadenphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company
19 Wales, K (2001) A Dictionary of Stylistics 2rd ed Malaysia: Pearson
20 Yuan Chuandao (2005) English Pun and Its Classification Retrieved
November 24, 2009, from http://www.languageinindia.com/april2005/englishpun1.html
1 Lê Trung Hoa & Hồ Lê (2013) Thú chơi chữ Hổ Chí Minh: NXB Trẻ
2 Trần Thị Thu Hiền (2011) Nghệ thuật chơi chữ trong quảng cáo tiếng Việt và tiếng Anh Tạp chí Từ điển học & Bách khoa thư, 5(13), 42-49
3 Hoàng Phê (2003) Từ điển tiếng Việt Đà Nẵng: NXB Đà Nẵng
4 Xtankevich, N V (1982) Loại hình các ngôn ngữ Hà Nội: NXB Đại học và Trung học chuyên nghiệp
No Newspaper headlines Source Date
1 A breathe of fresh heir Courier Mail 23/07/2013
2 A Dutch of class Daily Mail 25/10/2014
3 Already it‟s “Flu” York City nypost.com 07/01/2013
4 Apple loses its core Daily News 25/08/2011
5 Are they taking the Michael
6 Bald Britney “Shears” walks out of rehab www.dailymail.co.uk 18/02/2007
7 Barack four more The Sun 7/11/2012
8 Big rig carrying fruit crashes on 210 Freeway, creates jam www.latimes.com 20/05/2013
9 Blank Friday: Talbot stymies Flyers again www.foxnews.com 26/11/2014
10 Blind Faith The Daily Telegraph 21/10/2014
11 Blood, sweat and cheers New York Post 29/06/2015
12 Bottle of Britain Daily Star 19/12/2014
13 Bride and Seek The Courier Mail 09/04/2015
16 Careless spliffer: George Michael in 'cannabis' arrest www.mirror.co.uk 27/02/2006
17 Come „n have a go if EU think you‟re hard enough
19 Crime Waive New York Post 30/12/2014
20 Crocs can kill The Sun 5/9/2007
21 Deleter of the free world New York Post 11/3/2015
22 Don‟t bank on Czechs www.theguardian.com 22/06/2004
Republicans Protest the Queen‟s 60 Years at Her Jubilee River Peageant
24 Drip drip hooray! The Sun 03/06/2012
25 Eiffel Shower Presure on cheating France to replay cup game
27 Everybody was kung fuel fighting
Geeks make £12billion in a day so much for the recession!
29 Fake me out Daily Mirror 17/03/2012
30 Farmer sues over 'otter devastation' www.itv.com 26/02/2013
31 Farmer‟s moo-ve into crime writing
32 Former potato chip factory burned to a crisp
34 From Russia with gloves: www.mirror.co.uk 18/10/2015
Cold and culture in Moscow
35 GaGa, you look offal www.thesun.co.uk 14/09/2010
37 Germans wurst at penalties The Sun 25/06/2010
38 Gerrard slip up reopens title race door
39 Getting Moore with less hattiesburgamerican.com 18/8/2014
41 Great Fall of China Daily Mail 25/08/2018
42 Here we throw Daily Star Sunday 26/6/2006
43 Ho!Ho!Ho Santa Spitz bears gifts for Lis‟folks
44 How cheat it is! New York Post 2/2/2015
45 How 'Swede' It Is The Players 11/10/2013
46 It had to be chew www.thesun.co.uk 20/06/2014
47 It‟s all Gun wrong! Arsene Wenger admits Arsenal are suffering with title jitters www.dailystar.co.uk 13/02/2014
48 It‟s business and it‟s fishy www.theguardian.com 09/09/2006
49 Jaw and Disorder New York Post 12/08/2015
50 Jobs-less The Examiner San Francisco 25/08/2011
51 Juan for the road The daily Telegraph 21/09/2013
52 Judge Cans Soda Ban The Wall Street Journal 11/03/2013
53 Just Lin Time: MSG, Time Warner End Standoff www.nbcnewyork.com 17/02/2012
54 Kenya believe it? Distance running no longer the only fertile ground www.africanvoiceonline.co.uk 28/8/2015
55 Kim and get us Daily Mirror 27/11/2012
56 Lords of the spring New York Post 9/2/2014
57 Luck of the jaw Daily News 19/08/2015
58 Luis Suarez has last laugh:
Too many people in England laughed at me http://www.itv.com/ 20/06/2014
After several near misses, Argentina have their 'new Maradona'
61 Mumps outbreak swells across Midwest abcnews.go.com 07/04/2016
62 Naming Private Ryan: MP outs Giggs as love-rat www.mirror.co.uk 01/04/2014
63 Nightmayor on Ford Street Toronto Sun 31/10/2013
64 NYC Soda Ban Goes Flat www.forbes.com 11/03/2013
65 Oh hail no Check out these photos from freak Philly-area storm www.delcotimes.com 22/05/2014
66 On their Wayne home Metro 20/6/2014
67 One hail of a storm The Daily Times 29/04/2011
68 Out of Luck in Thailand www.foreignaffairs.com 7/5/2014
69 Panda can‟t bear pal‟s beastly behaviour www.thesun.co.uk 2/11/2011
71 Rich Bitch www.newyorker.com 29/09/2008
72 Rout of Africa Daily Mirror 18/06/2010
74 Shoe-cide attack Daily News 15/12/2008
75 Sign on you crazy diamond The sun 28/06/2012
77 Snap on the wrist NT News 30/07/2011
Lineker‟s taking the pea www.thesun.co.uk 11/09/2013
79 Stores stocking up for Christmas shoppers - Readers' poll www.shropshirestar.com 15/09/2013
80 Swan Bake www.thesun.co.uk 04/02/2011
81 Tear we go Irish Daily Mirror 8/5/2013
82 Thatch the way to do it www.theguardian.com 09/08/2003
83 The £1bn hand of frog The Sun 19/09/2009
84 The Eggs Factor The Sun 09/06/2013
85 The hand of Clod Sunday Mirror 13/10/2010
86 The liar, the witch and the wardrobe
87 The lion sleeps tonight Philadelphia metro 23/1/2012
88 The Lionel King The Sun 30/05/2011
90 Their royal heilnesses The Sun 18/07/2015
91 “There will be hell toupeé” if Donald Trump sees this new campaign logo www.huffingtonpost.com 14/8/2015
92 There‟s snowtime like the present
93 This is your captain freaking New York Post 28/03/2012
94 Three Bites and you‟re out Money.cnn.com 27/06/2014
96 Van Gaal shows Dutch Courage www.skysports.com 6/7/2014
97 Waffle house pancaked Frederick News-post 4/1/2011
98 War and piece Daily News 11/11/2012
99 Weave done it! Roo heads winner with new hairdo www.thesun.co.uk 19/06/2012
100 You‟re Gunners get it www.thesun.co.uk 05/12/2014
No Newspaper headlines Source Date
1 "Cày bừa" suốt năm để 'chơi' Tết mấy ngày, đáng không?
2 "Cửa sổ tâm hồn" qua 100 năm biến đổi cực thú vị www.yan.vn 02/1/2017
3 "Sói biển" trên sóng bạc Hoàng Sa
4 “Bò tót” ra oai, CH Séc vượt khó
5 “Chép” miệt thị tuoitre.vn 8/10/2014
7 “Chỉnh huấn” cái a lô Tuoitre.vn 29/01/2010
8 “Cỗ xe tăng”Đức quá mạnh
9 “Đất lành chim đậu, nhưng chim chưa đậu đã nhậu hết cả chim”
10 “Mắt thần” xứ Thanh Dantri.com.vn 30/01/2017
11 “Mỡ để miệng mèo” mèo nào lại chê!!!
12 1001 kiểu lừa đảo mua bán online: Dở khóc dở cười vì kiểu "treo đầu dê bán thịt chó”
14 Ăn cơm nhà, lo tìm giấy tờ cho thiên hạ
15 Anh hùng rơm, tư duy “trẻ trâu” và sự chuyển… trách nhiệm
16 Báo điện tử giật tít câu view: Treo đầu dê còn bán gì thì tùy http://www.thongtincongnghe.com 21/6/2014
17 Bật cười với những màn
“giấu đầu hở chân” của trẻ
18 Bất thiện vì …nhàn cư Baoangiang.com 13/11/2016
19 Bí thư Thăng mong "quả đấm thép" lập nhiều chiến công ngay dịp Tết
21 Bộ Công Thương muốn định giá nhà máy 8000 tỉ
22 Bom nổ chậm Tuoitre24h.net 29/12/2014
23 Bóng chuyền: “Đại bàng” tung cánh hạ “Xe tăng”
24 Ca rao … ngâm tết Tuoitre.vn 08/02/2013
25 Các tập đoàn lớn Hàn Quốc sắp bị "sờ gáy" vì bê bối hối lộ
26 Cháy nhà mới ra …mặt quan
27 Chén chú chén anh dễ gặp tử thần
29 Chiếc loa phường cũng nên
30 Chiêm ngưỡng biệt thự của các "hồng nhan bạc triệu"
31 Chiêu “gắp lửa bỏ tay người” khiến chồng và bồ sợ xanh mặt
32 Chờ Bồ “xé” Áo Nông thôn ngày nay 18/06/2016
33 Chồng được voi đòi hai bà Trưng
34 Chưa an cư, làm sao lạc nghiệp
35 Chưa tròn 18 tuổi, cô nàng 'bắn' 7 thứ tiếng Khánh Vy đã trở thành MC dẫn bản tin thời sự quốc tế
36 Cờ bạc “nở rộ” dịp Tết Dantri.com.vn 29/1/2017
37 Cổ động viên MU nức lòng vì Schweinsteiger “nổ súng”
38 Có một Đà Nẵng “đất lành nhưng chim không đậu”
39 Còn …nói còn tát Vietgiaitri.com 5/12/2013
40 Công Phượng quyết “thông nòng” trận khai xuân
41 Công trình “cúng cụ” Tuoitre.vn 11/11/2012
42 Đà Nẵng: chợ hoa Tết
43 Đầu xuôi, đuôi không lọt Nld.com.vn 02/05/2012
44 Đề thi thử nghiệm môn Toán: Đã "quét" hết được toàn bộ chương trình
45 Đòi mãi lộ bằng củ sắn củ khoai
46 Đổi tiền mới Tết Đinh Dậu: Ngân hàng than khó,
47 ĐT Việt Nam thời hậu Công Vinh: Trui rèn
48 Đừng biến trạm thu phí thành chỗ “đục nước béo cò”
49 Đừng để sống kiểu “Vợ cả vợ hai, cả hai đều là vợ cả!”
50 Đút đầu vào rọ Tuoitre.vn 04/10/2013
51 Gắp lửa bỏ tay mình Phunuonline.com.vn 28/05/2015
52 Gậy ông đập lưng bà Tuoitre.vn 25/05/2010
53 Ghét nhau bít cả đường đi lối về
54 Giấu đầu lòi đuôi Tuoitre.vn 02/08/2009
55 Giữ xe ngày Tết thi nhau
“chặt chém” khách du xuân
56 Hàng Việt Nam chất lượng
57 Hậu sinh khả…ố Tuoitre.vn 06/07/2012
58 Hé lộ cơ chế “mở” cho cá cược đua ngựa, bóng đá
59 Hoa đào “cười”, người trồng lo
60 Hoàng thành Thăng Long 'mặc áo mới', nhà quản lý nói gì? thethaovanhoa.vn/ 16/01/2017
61 Hỡi những cô nàng Ưng
62 Khi “bộ phát thanh” bị rè Tuoitre.vn 26/09/2013
63 Khi kẻ cắp gặp 'bà già' cao tay
64 Khởi tố 9x lập facebook lừa tình, tiền rồi 'quất ngựa truy phong”
65 Khởi tố vụ án chủ tịch huyện ký cấp sổ đỏ cho
“đất ma”, dân "tan cửa nát nhà"!
66 Không chơi với nhà họ Hứa
67 Liệu thế hệ trẻ Việt Nam có vươn lên trở thành "con rồng" của châu Á và thế giới?
68 Lời chào cao hơn tính mạng
69 Lúa “điếc” và hôi chứng
70 Man City - Arsenal: Giậu đổ nhưng bìm khó leo
71 Mario Balotelli: Cháy nhà mới ra mặt …trộm
72 Một học sinh “gánh” 3 Dantri.com.vn 19/01/2017
74 Neymar dùng chiêu “mượn gió bẻ măng” với Barca
75 Nghề hổng ngon “ăn” Tuoitre.vn 04/11/2013
76 Người dân Thủ đô nườm nượp xuống phố "chở Tết" về nhà
77 Nhập khẩu ôtô có thể bị
78 Nhất cử, tam tứ tiện Thanhnien.vn 09/03/2007
80 Những chứng minh khoa học đoạt giải “lôben” quốc tế 2012
81 Những đề án giáo dục: bao giờ “đuôi chuột” bằng
82 Những người trẻ đón Tết theo lối sống "xanh"
83 Những nhà vệ sinh với thiết kế lạ lùng khiến bạn đỏ mặt không dám “giải quyết nỗi buồn”
„tan đàn xẻ nghé’ sau chiếc vé World Cup
85 Nữ hoàng UFC bị dọa
“dùng gậy bà đập lưng bà”
86 Ông Trump giễu nghị sĩ Dân chủ “nước mắt cá sấu” khi phản đối lệnh cấm nhập cảnh thethaovanhoa.vn/ 02/02/2017
87 Phú quý sinh…vợ nhỏ Afamily.vn 26/05/2011
88 Qui định vi hiến và chuyện
“cầm đèn chạy trước luật pháp”!
89 Ranh ngôn mùa World Cup Tuoitre.vn 10/07/2014
90 Sống cùng World Cup mà không "cụp"
91 Thần y Hơ Run: Chó treo, mèo suýt chết
92 Thêm một nơi có cảnh giáo viên “tắm bùn”
93 Thiếu nữ ăn mặc phản cảm đến chùa: Thánh không ăn
96 Tối kiến …né việc Tuoitre.vn 16/09/2014
97 TPHCM: Thưởng Tết giáo viên “lắng” hơn mọi năm
98 Trai nóng, gái nóng và nóng trong người
99 Trúng lớn mùa cá khoai đầu năm, ngư dân “hái” bạc triệu mỗi ngày
100 Usain Bolt có “cửa” đòi lại HCV Olympic bị tước mất
APPENDIX Table 1: List of English newspapers
No Name of newspaper No Name of newspaper
1 abcnews.go.com 27 The Daily Telegraph
2 Aftonbladet 28 The Examiner San Francisco
3 Chicago Sun-Times 29 The Plain Dealer
6 Daily Mirror 32 The Wall Street Journal
9 Daily Star Sunday 35 Travel Weekly
10 Daily Times 36 www.africanvoiceonline.co.uk
11 dailymail.co.uk 37 www.dailystar.co.uk
12 Fife Herald 38 www.delcotimes.com
13 Frederick News-post 39 www.forbes.com
14 hattiesburgamerican.com 40 www.foreignaffairs.com
15 Irish Daily Mirror 41 www.foxnews.com
16 jeffreyhill.typepad.com 42 www.huffingtonpost.com
18 Metro Herald 44 www.latimes.com
19 Money.cnn.com 45 www.mirror.co.uk
20 New York Post 46 www.nbcnewyork.com
21 NT News 47 www.newyorker.com
22 nypost.com 48 www.shropshirestar.com
23 Philadelphia metro 49 www.skysports.com
24 Sun Sport 50 www.theguardian.com
25 Sunday Mirror 51 www.thesun.co.uk