GlAO DUG PHAP LUAT CHO HOC SINH, SINH VIEN TRONG N H A TRUCING HIEN NAY TS, Nguyin KhSc Htjng T6M TAT Giio due phap ludt cho hpc sinh sinh vien Id mil Irong nhitng ndi dung cdy nghia ltd quan trpng loin hd chuang trtnh giio due Ddy Id mdt vdn di mangy nglua khoa hpc, gdn hen vdi chiiii lupc ngitdi cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta Do vdy, giio due phdp luit cho hoc sinh, sinh vien trtnig ede trudng phd thing, dqi hpc, eao thing va Irung hpe chuyen nghiip thing qua vice dtta nil dung vao chuang trinh giio due nhi trUdng cdn phdi dupc nghien cim mil each hi thdng, tht'tng qua nhiing phua phip khoa hpc de trii'n khai gido due ed hit'ui qiid, edn phdi neii hinh ddng bp qui trinh giio due ndy vdi sir kei hop giira giio due cita gia dinh vd xd hdt Tir khoa: Phip luit; giao due phip hiil; hiin tirrmg, ky ndng Ngiy nhin bai: 8/6/2012; Ngiy duyit ding bdi: 25/6/2012 D$t van de Phip luat la mpt hien tuong xa hOi i.ii gan gui va rat cin thiit voi cuOe sdng cua mdi eon ngudi Xa hOi cang hien dai thi yeu cau vi hiiu biit vi thuc hien phip luit cua ngudi cing cao bdi phip luat kh6ng chi li phucmg tien di Nha nudc quan ly cd hieu qui cac mit diti song xa hpi ma cdn la phuong lien thuc hien, bao ve quyen vi loi fch hpp phip cua nun c6ng din Ddi vdi cic cOng dan trc tudi, hiiu biet vi phap luat sdng \'a Iam \icc theo phap luit la le duong nhien va li yCu ciu cip bich cua ddi sdng xa hOi ddi vdi chit lupng nhin each Giao due phap luit eho hpe sinh, sinh vien li m6t nhflng nOi dung ed y nghia ri't quan trpng toan bO chuong trinh giao due Cing vdi nhitag kie'n thuc vi van hda, nhung kiin thic phap luit ma cic em ITnh h6i dupc qui trinh hoc lip d nha trudng se la mOl nhflng diiu kien co ban di dam bao cho su phat triin loan dien vi nhin cich thi he cong din tucmg lai cua dit nude Cung vdi viec tuyen truyin giao due phap luat, chuang Irinh giio due 44 TAP CHiTAM L? HOC, Sd (160), - 2012 phip luit nhi trudng cung dupc ddi mdi vi ndi dung, chupng trinh, hinh thic va phuang phip, gdp phin tao chi'l lupng giip due nhin cich ccn ngudi Tuy nhien, trpng mdt thdi gian dii, cdng tic tuySn truyin phap luat nhin din ndi chung vi giao due phip luit cho hpe sinh nhi trudng ndi rieng chua thit su dupc chi trpng ding mic Giic due phap luat cho hpe sinh, sinh vien trpng eic Iruitng li qui trinh hinh thdi quen, hanh vi tuin thi phip luit Day li mdt vin di mang y nghia khoa hpc, gin liin vdi chieii lupc ngudi cia Dang vi Nhi nude ta Do vay, giao due phip luit cho hpc sinh, sinh vien Irong cie trucmg phd thdng, dai hpc, cao ding vi trung hpe chuyen nghiep cin phai dupc nghien ciu mdt each he thd'ng, thdng qua nhung phupng phap khpa hpc di triin khai giio due cd hieu qui Di giio due phap luat cac nhi trudng dat hieu qua eao, cin phii tiin hanh ddng bd qui trinh giio due vdi sir kit hpp gifla giio due cia gia dinh va \a hdi Luc luong men, hpc sinh, sinh vien rit ddng dio, luc lupng cd vai trd quan trpng su nghiep cong nghiCp hda - hiSn dai hoi da't nudc Ben canh viee trang bi cho hpc sinh, sinh vien l i cdn ngdi d ghe nhi trudng - nhiing ngudi chi tuong lai cia dat nudc - nhflng In thic ein thiet tren cac ITnh vuc boat dpng thi viec cham lo giao due phip lual cho hp phii dupe dat mpt each nghiem tic Dac biet la mdt bd phan thie'u nien, hpe sinh ed Id'i sd'ng thie'u lanh manh, tinh trang vi pham phap luat cd chieu hudng tang len Nhung kit qui nghien ciu d pham vi khao sit tai thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, Ha Npi va cac tinh thinh trpng ci nudc nhirng nam gin day da eho thay su hieu biet phip luat eua thieu nien edn nhiiu han chi Nha trudng Viet Nam ed nhiem vu hinh d hoc sinh, sinh vien y thic tu giac, xu su theo nhflng chuan muc xa hdi nhit dinh, dd cd chuan muc phap luat Kien thic vi phap luat li mdt bd phin khdng thi thieu duoc cua hpc vin phd thdng 'f thic trach nhiem cung nhu hanh vi sd'ng vi lam viec theo hie'n phip va phap luit phii trd thinh Id'i sd'ng van minh cua ngudi xa hdi hien dai Do dd, di td chic tdt giao due phip luat cho hpc sinh, sinh vien d cac nha trucmg hien lai li mpt nhiem vu cang khd khan va phic tap He thdng cic tieu chf de trien khai thuc hien cong tie giao due phap lual xua't phat ehi ye'u t i thue trang xa hdi, t i viec nhan thic phap luat ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vien tren eP sd can c i vao nhung vin de quy dinii ehung cia phip luat, nhung van ban chi dao cua Dang va Nhi nudc ve hinh thuc, phuong phap giao due phip luat Cdng tic giao due phip luat khdng don thuan chi la giao due phap luat thdng qua bp mdn phap luat ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vien co ca'u mdn hoe, hpe trinb, hpe phan ma cdn dupc giio due qua cic hinh thie khac, cic hoat ddng ngoii gid len Idp dupe ci'u true chuong trinh chinh thdng, dupe dua vao ndi dung hpc vin eua giao due nha trudng vdi su tham gia khong nhung TAP CHl TAM Lf HOC, Sd (160), - 2012 4.') chi cua giio vien m i ci cic luc lupng cua toin xS hdi nhim gdp phin vio cdng tic giio due phip luit ndi chung GiSa ly luin vi thuc tiin giio due vSn cdn khoing cich vi miu thuin, mic di cdng tic giio due phip luit cic nhi,trudng vi hi thdng giio due da cd dupc nhttng ki't qui nhft djnh Tuy nhien, vin cdn nhflng khd khin co bin nhu: Ndi dung chuang trinh phip luit nhi trudng vin cdn nhiiu bft cip, thdng tin mdi chua cip nhit, hpc sinh chua dupc tie'p cin vdi nhflng quy djnh mdi cia phip luit (da dupc sia ddi, bd sung); sir han chi cua nhung md hinh td chi'rc giio due phip luft (tren ldp vi ngoii gid ldn Idp) d cic trudng dai hpc, cao dang, trung hpc chuyen nghiip vi cic trudng phd thdng vdi nhttng yiu kim vi chit lupng giio vien T i dd, da inh hudng xiu din chit lupng cdng tie giao due phip luft cho hoc sinh, sinh vien Mdt sd viin de cin (|iinn tAm vi gido due ph^p luAt cho hoc sinh, sinh vien Tiep can theo quan diim he thd'ng, vin di ning cao chit lucmg giao due phap luat cho hpc sinh, sinh vien khdng phai la nhiem vu riCng biet cua nginh giio due Tuy nhien, nginh giao due cin xic dinh rd chuc nang va nhiem vu, co chi ben irong vi ben ngoii vdi vai trd chu dao cua mpi boat ddng (giio due vi day hpc) vi ehi dap trpng nhiem vu djnh hudng mdi irudng xa hdi, kit hpp vdi cic luc lupng khic nhim giip due phip luft cho the he tre cd hieu qua Trong diiu kien nio thi he thdng giio due dd li cic dinh hudng, bien phip su pham vin gifl vai trd then chdt Xuit phat t i dac diim ddi tupng, die diim cua cdng lac giio due phip luat d ving phat tnen can c i diiu kiin giao due, cic bic hpc \a dac diim tSm ly hpc sinh, sinh vien cin hoan thien quy trinh giio due phip luft cho thi he men bit dau t i thii dd - xic cim - gui tri ddi vdi cic vSn di phip luat di giy dung niim tin, thii dd tich cue, liin dc quan trpng di lao lip hinh vi bin vung Viec hinh Ihanh \ an hda phip luat cho thi he tre phai duoc xac dinh la nhu ciu til yiu cia ci nhin, la dieu kien bat budc cua xa hdi ddi vdi ca thi eon ngudi gia nhip vio ehinh Ihi xa hdi Theo dii gi.io due phip luat la mdt pham tru rdng ldn la nhiem vu cua toin x.i hdi gia dinh va nhi trudng, dd vai trd dinh hudng din dil bdi cie ndi dung vi hinh thic giio due nha trucmg cd lim quan trpng dae biet Giao due phap luit cho thi he Ire cin phai dupe quan tam dac biet va la nhiem vu trpng yiu cua tpin xa hdi Ndi dung giio due phap luat phai trd thinh ndi dung hoe vin quan trpng cua giao due nha trudng xa hCii hien dai Chit lupng giao due phap luit cho hoc sinh, sinh viCn se gdp phin khing dinh mic dp chic chin cua ch.il lupng nhin each - sin phim cia giao due Pham ehft va nang lue cua ngudi duoc giio due se khdng dam bao dupc hieu qui va mic dd TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd (160), - 2012 tin ciy trudc ddi hdi khit khe cia thi trudng nhin luc niu ngudi khdng cd nang luc am hiiu phip luat vi khdng thuc thi td't pliip luft Trong xa hdi hien nay, ehft lupng ngudn nhan luc cua mdt qud'c gia phu thude vip su chuin bi toin dien cua nha trudng vi cic mat dao die, nhin each, trf tue, sic khoe, dd cd ndi dung giao due phip luft Mic hiiu biit, thii dd vi hinh vi chi'p hanh td't phap luft la mdt nhung yiu td co ban cia hpc sinh, sinh vien Ci'u true eua nang lue chip hanh td't phap luit gdm: hiiu biit vi phip luft vi giao due phap luat he thdng cac hoat ddng xa hdi; thii dd cia ngudi ddi vdi cac vin di phap luit va hinh vi vi pham phap luit; hinh vi va thdi quen thuc hien tdt cic quy djnh cia phip luft Su phat triin cua cic mic dd phu thudc chu yiu vao ndi dung va phuong phip giip due nhi trudng, dd vai trd tu giao due cia ea nhan li quyit dinh Nguyen nhin eo ban din din nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat eua nien va hpe sinh, sinh vien nhttng nam gin day phin ldn li thie'u hiiu biit kiin thie phap luft t i nhi trudng Phuang phap giao due phap luat nhi trudng cdn cing nhic va giio diiu, xa rdi cudc sd'ng mdi trudng xa hpi vdi nhung anh hudng xa'u da tie ddng manh hon so vdi tie dpng giio due nhi trudng dd'i vdi hpe sinh Hanh vi chap phap tfch cue hay khdng tfch cue cia nhing ngudi tre tudi khdng phu thupc hoan toin vao mic dp hiiu biit cao hay tha'p ve kie'n thie phap luat eung nhu hoc van chung ma cdn phu thudc chi ye'u vao cic ye'u td mdi trudng thuc thi phap luit He thdng cie bien phap giio due phap luat eho hpc sinh, sinh vien can tap trung vao cac van di: i) Thay dot tu ve giao due phap luat theo hudng mdi, dd gin chat giao due phap luat vdi giao due dao die, giao due tri tue qui trinh giao due nhan each, ii) Gdn gido due phdp ludt vd bdng gido due vdn hod (dd la thdng qua mdn hpe, thdng qua eae hoat ddng giao due, ddi mdi phucmg phap, coi dao tao va bdi dudng giao vien); iii) Gidi quyet vdn di gido due phdp ludt cho hpc sinh, sinh vien mpt cdch ddng bp, md hinh td chic va quan ly vdi sir phdi hpp chat che giua dia phuong vdi nha trudng, gitta nha trudng vdi gia dinh, giua gia dinh vdi dia phuang, giua thue tiin giao due vdi ehinh sich giao due De triin khai eae bien phip giao due phap lual cd hieu qua eho hpc sinh nha trucfng, cin cd cac dieu kiin co bin sau day: Cic giao vien phai thd'ng nha't quan diem chung vi giao due phap luat khdng phai chi la nhiem vu chuyen biet cia giao vien bd mdn giao due cdng dan ma la nhiem vu eua cac luc lupng giao due Tfnh ke hoach va kha nang hoach dinh cac chien lupc giao due cap trudng cd tam quan trpng dae biet viec trien khai cac ke hoach giao due Ddng thdi, kha nang phdi hpp giua nha trudng vdi eic phin xa hpi khac se TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (160), 7-2012 tao diiu kien thuin lpi di triin khai cdng tic giio due phip luit cd hieu qui Nhiim vu cua cic lire lupng giio diic mi dd, nhin td cO bin li luc lupng giio vien td chic thuc hiin giio due thdng qua cic mdn khoa hpc, thdng qua cic hoat ddng giio due nhim hinh thinh ning lire vi phim ehft nhin cich hpc sinh Djnh hudng co bin li giio due phip luit cho thi he tri phii dim bao nguyen tic vdng trdn ddng tim, ngiy cing md rdng pham vi vi dd'i tuong, phdi hpp chit che gitta cic luc lupng giio due vi tin dung triet di moi pham vi mdi trudng di giao due hpc sinh Di giip due phip luft cd hidu qui cho hpc sinh bic phd thdng cung nhu cac bic hpc khic, chie'n lupc giii quyit vin di niy li xiy dung, phit triin chuong trinh giio due phd ihdng theo hudng mdi: kiin tao cic mdn hpc thinh cdc linh vifc gido dtic nen tdng di thdng qua dd, ngudi giio vien chi ddng vi sing tao phat triin chuong Irinh giao due nhim dat dupc cac muc tieu giio due Chicii lupc niy se gdp phin giai quyit cic nhidm vu giio due nin tang cho hpc sinh vi cic mat dao die, tri tue, phip luft, mdi trudng, ky nang sdng cung nhu eic ITnh vuc quan Irpng khic Giao due phap luft cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn d Ihinh phd, dd thi phit triin can tinh din cdc yen td dtic trung, dd la' kha nang nhan thic cua hpc sinh vi cic vin di xa hdi rai nhanh; kinh nghiim sd'ng cia hpc sinh phpng phi; kha ning tiip nhan thdng tin mdi ri't tdi mdi trucmg xa hCii thuan Ipi nhung phic tap; eae tie ddng nudc vii ngoai nude din vdi hpc sinh t i nhiiu chiiu, vi nhihig inh hudng den vdi hpe sinh rai ddn ddp, da chieu vd phitc tqp Do \'ay, cie ndi dung vi phupng phip guio due phip luft o mdi Irudng niy cin coi Irong >eu to danh gia nang lire ban diu cia ddi tuong vi danh gia hieu qui cua cdng tic giio due phap luat d ndng luc hoqt ddng thuc tiin cua hp sau tdt nghiep Giao due phap luat cho Ihi he Ire d nudc ta dieu kiSn phat triin kinh te thi trudng Irong bdi canh giao luu va hdi nhip qudc Ic cin hudng din mdt muc dich ldn lao hem, dd li: hinh mdt nin vdn hod phdp luqt cho Ihi he tre, dat nin ling cho cdng cudc chuin bi ngudn nhin lire tiip ing cho sU phit triin bin vttng cua di't nudc Trien khai giio due phip luft din dd'i tupng hpe sinh, sinh viCn cing sdm cang tdt va phai bit ddu t i nhflng hanh vi cu thi cupc sd'ng cia chinh cie em Do dd, ndi dung chuong trinh giio due cin phai dupc bd sung eu the cac niu dung mdi \'a phuang phap giao due phi hpp vdi ting lia ludi Nhin thic vii luinh v'\ chip hinh phap luft cia hpc smh nude ta cdn rat yiu kem, mdt nhflng nguyen nhin sau xa la l i phia ngudi ldn nhflng ta'm guong cho hpe sinh ve mpi mat Do dd, dc ning eao hieu qui Na tang cudng uy lire cua he thdng phap luft, ciin x i Iy nghiem minh cie biiu hien hanh vi vi pham phip luit vi xiy dung mdi trudng giao due sing, thin thien Ben canh nhflng vin di da ndu Iren day thi ein khin truong xiy dung vi ban hanh ndi dung - chuang trinh giio due phap luft d li't ea cac bac hpc, cap hpc ttt 48 TAP CHi TAM Lt HOC, Sd (160), - 2012 mim non de'n sau dai hpc vdi ndi dung toin dien vi phuong phip giio due hien dai Ddng thdi, cii tiin manh me hon ndi dung vi chuang Irinh mdn hoc giao due cdng dan hien nhim khic phuc hien tupng: phin Idn hpc sinh cd kit qui mdn hpc niy dat yeu ciu trd len, nliimg bude khdi ldp hpe lai vi pham phap luft nhiiu (vf du nhu vi pham luft giao thdng dudng bd, dinh nhau,!.) Ddi mdi ndi dung - chuong trinh mdn hpc hoqt ddng gido due ngodi gid len Idp theo hudng bd sung, hoin thien cic ndi dung giio due phip luit cin thiit vao eic chu di boat ddng thing, Ihay thi cic chu di qua triu tupng, khdng thiit thuc ddi vdi hpc sinh nhil la hpc sinh trung hpe phd thdng, ddi tupng di vi pham phip luft nhft Irpng cac dd'i tupng d eic cip hpc khae Ddng Ihdi, cic van ban phip luat cd tfnh chit phd dung vdi mpi ngudi dan cin dupe xay dung ehi liit va cing It eae van bin dudi luat cing Id't nhim tao diiu kien td't hon cho cdng tic giio due phap luft, phd biin va thue thi phap luiit Ddi tupng tham gia xay dung cic van ban luat cin hdi tu diy du yeu ciu vi ndng life chuyin gia: cd kiin thic vi phip luft, cd trinh dd tham khao cac van ban luat nudc ngoai vi am hiiu thuc tiin cac Unh vuc hen quan Nha nude dinh hudng ddi vdi tit ca cac Unh vuc, dae biet li ITnh vuc thdng tin - truyin Ihdng cung vdi nganh giio due phii chung liing ndi giio due Khdng phd biin luyen truyin (dudi dang bao chf, phim anh, am nhac, ml thuat ) nhirng NCU id phan giao due, phin van hoi vi kfch ddng Id'i sd'ng ticn hudng thu, Id'i sd'ng eoi thudng phap luat "Thdng bio rdng rai vi ed di'u a'n din thi he tri vi eic vu viec vi pham phip luat di nha truiifng s i dung chinh thic cac thdng tin dd dua vao giang day di tang tfnh thue tiin Ky nang sdng giip biin kiin thic thinh nhiing hinh ddng cu thi, nhttng thdi quen lanh manh Nhiing ngudi cd ky nang sd'ng la nhimg ngudi biit lim eho minh vi ngudi khac cing hanh phuc Hp thudng thinh cdng hon cupc sdng, ludn yeu ddi vi lam chu eude sd'ng cua chfnh hp Ky nang sd'ng gdp phan thic day su phit triin ci nhan va xa hpi Cac ca nhan thiiu ky nang sdng la mdt nguyen nhan lam sinh nhiiu vin di xa hdi Ngudi ed ky nang sd'ng se thue hien nhung hanh vi mang tinh xa hdi Ii'eh cue, se giim bdt cac te nan xa hdi, gdp phin xay dung cic md'i quan he xa hpi td'l dep, lanh manh Hoat dpng giio due ngoii gid len Idp la mdt bd phan eua qua Irinh giio due loan dien Irong nha Irudng va cin dua vao chuong trinh giao due, la mot eon dudng quan trpng hinh Ihinh, phat Iriin nhan each hpe sinh, sinh vien gdp phin nang cap cha't lupng giio due loan dien Hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp cd uu thi vupt trdi so vdi hoat dpng giao due khac viec gin kit nha trudng vdi cudc sdng xa hpi, hudng eho hpc sinh tao lap nang lire thfch ing cao, biin qua trinh giao due thinh tu giio due, phat huy tinh tfch cue ehi dpng sang tao cao, hinh thinh ky nang sd'ng va la hinh trang thiet yiu di budc vao cudc sdng da dang vi ludn biin ddi Hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp cing cd vai TAP CHITAM LV HOC, Sd (160), - 2012 49 trd die biet quan trpng viSc ddi mdi giio due, dio tap nen nhihig ngudi dip ing vdi yeu ciu cua nin kinh t i tri thilc Giio due ky ning sd'ng vi boat ddng giio due ngoii gid ISn ldp bj chi phdi bdi nhiiu yiu td chu quan vi khich quan, niu cd dupc cic bien phip td chic hpp IJ, khic phuc duoc nhthig yiu Id bft cip, phit huy cic yiu td tieu cue thi hoat ddng dat kit qua cao Giio due ky ning sd'ng ngoii gid len ldp cflng li n