IAS 19 — EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Overview - IAS 19 outlines the accounting requirements for employee benefits, including short-term benefits (e.g wages and salaries, annual leave), post-employment benefits such as retirement benefits, other long-term benefits (e.g long service leave) and termination benefits - The standard establishes the principle that the cost of providing employee benefits should be recognized in the period in which the benefit is earned by the employee, rather than when it is paid or payable, and outlines how each category of employee benefits are measured, providing detailed guidance in particular about post-employment benefits Objective of IAS 19 - To prescribe the accounting and disclosure for employee benefits (that is, all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees) - The principle underlying all of the detailed requirements of the Standard is that the cost of providing employee benefits should be recognized in the period in which the benefit is earned by the employee, rather than when it is paid or payable Scope IAS 19 applies to (among other kinds of employee benefits): - wages and salaries - compensated absences (paid vacation and sick leave) - profit sharing plans - bonuses - medical and life insurance benefits during employment - housing benefits - free or subsidized goods or services given to employees - pension benefits - post-employment medical and life insurance benefits - long-service or sabbatical leave - 'jubilee' benefits - deferred compensation programmes - termination benefits Basic principle of IAS 19 - The cost of providing employee benefits should be recognized in the period in which the benefit is earned by the employee, rather than when it is paid or payable Short-term employee benefits - For short-term employee benefits (those payable within 12 months after service is rendered, such as wages, paid vacation and sick leave, bonuses, and non-monetary benefits such as medical care and housing), the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in respect of service rendered by employees in a period should be recognized in that period - The expected cost of short-term compensated absences should be recognized as the employees render service that increases their entitlement or, in the case of non-accumulating absences, when the absences occur Profit-sharing and bonus payments - The entity should recognize the expected cost of profit-sharing and bonus payments when, and only when, it has a legal or constructive obligation to make such payments as a result of past events and a reliable estimate of the expected cost can be made Types of post-employment benefit plans The accounting treatment for a post-employment benefit plan will be determined according to whether the plan is a defined contribution or a defined benefit plan: Defined contribution plan - the entity pays fixed contributions into a fund but has no legal or constructive obligation to make further payments if the fund does not have sufficient assets to pay all of the employees' entitlements to post-employment benefits - the cost to be recognized in the period is the contribution payable in exchange for service rendered by employees during the period If contributions to a defined contribution plan not fall due within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the service, they should be discounted to their present value Defined benefit plan - a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan These would include - - both formal plans and those informal practices that create a constructive obligation to the entity's employees the amount recognized in the balance sheet should be the present value of the defined benefit obligation (that is, the present value of expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods), as adjusted for unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized past service cost, and reduced by the fair value of plan assets at the balance sheet date The present value of the defined benefit obligation should be determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method The rate used to discount estimated cash flows should be determined by reference to market yields at the balance sheet date on high quality corporate bonds Note: - - - IAS 19 specifies that if the accumulated unrecognized actuarial gains and losses exceed 10% of the greater of the defined benefit obligation or the fair value of plan assets, a portion of that net gain or loss is required to be recognized immediately as income or expense The portion recognized is the excess divided by the expected average remaining working lives of the participating employees Actuarial gains and losses that not breach the 10% limits described above (the 'corridor') need not be recognized - although the entity may choose to so In December 2004, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 19 to allow the option of recognizing actuarial gains and losses in full in the period in which they occur, outside profit or loss, in a statement of comprehensive income Past service cost - is the term used to describe the change in the obligation for employee service in prior periods, arising as a result of changes to plan arrangements in the current period - may be either positive (where benefits are introduced or improved) or negative (where existing benefits are reduced) - should be recognized immediately to the extent that it relates to former employees or to active employees already vested Otherwise, it should be amortized on a straight-line basis over the average period until the amended benefits become vested Plan curtailments or settlements - Gains or losses resulting from curtailments or settlements of a plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs - Curtailments are reductions in scope of employees covered or in benefits - If the calculation of the balance sheet amount as set out above results in an asset, the amount recognised should be limited to the net total of unrecognised actuarial losses and past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan Note: - The IASB issued the final 'asset ceiling' amendment to IAS 19 in May 2002 The amendment prevents the recognition of gains solely as a result of deferral of actuarial losses or past service cost, and prohibits the recognition of losses solely as a result of deferral of actuarial gains The charge to income recognized in a period in respect of a defined benefit plan will be made up of the following components: - current service cost (the actuarial estimate of benefits earned by employee service in the period) - interest cost (the increase in the present value of the obligation as a result of moving one period closer to settlement) - expected return on plan assets * - actuarial gains and losses, to the extent recognized - past service cost, to the extent recognized - the effect of any plan curtailments or settlements *The return on plan assets is interest, dividends and other revenue derived from the plan assets, together with realized and unrealized gains or losses on the plan assets, less any costs of administering the plan (other than those included in the actuarial assumptions used to measure the defined benefit obligation) and less any tax payable by the plan itself Other long-term benefits - IAS 19 requires a simplified application of the model described above for other long-term employee benefits This method differs from the accounting required for post-employment benefits in that: • actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately and no 'corridor' is applied; and • all past service costs are recognized immediately Termination benefits - IAS 19 specifies that amounts payable should be recognized when, and only when, the entity is demonstrably committed to either: • terminate the employment of an employee or group of employees before the normal retirement date; or • provide termination benefits as a result of an offer made in order to encourage voluntary redundancy Note: - The entity will be demonstrably committed to a termination when, and only when, it has a detailed formal plan for the termination and is without realistic possibility of withdrawal Where termination benefits fall due after more than 12 months after the balance sheet date, they should be discounted Overview of changes introduced by IAS 19 Employee Benefits (as amended in 2011) - Require recognition of changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) including immediate recognition of - Introduce enhanced disclosures about defined benefit plans - Modify accounting for termination benefits, including distinguishing benefits provided in exchange for servi - Clarification of miscellaneous issues, including the classification of employee benefits, current estimates of - Incorporate other matters submitted to the IFRS Interpretations Committee - Applicable on a modified retrospective basis to annual periods beginning on or after January 2013, with ea ... long-term benefits - IAS 19 requires a simplified application of the model described above for other long-term employee benefits This method differs from the accounting required for post-employment benefits. .. withdrawal Where termination benefits fall due after more than 12 months after the balance sheet date, they should be discounted Overview of changes introduced by IAS 19 Employee Benefits (as amended... Termination benefits - IAS 19 specifies that amounts payable should be recognized when, and only when, the entity is demonstrably committed to either: • terminate the employment of an employee or