Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development” Principles of functioning of technological module for danger estimation of combined electromagnetic field Alexander Soshnikov a, Ivan Migalyov a, Eugene Titov a,* a Polzunov Altai state technical university, Barnaul, pr-t Lenina 46, 656038, Russian Federation Abstract The article describes the principles of functioning of the technological module, whom purpose is the estimation of danger level of combined electromagnetic field influence on a human organism The technological module is combined from the hardware and the software parts The hardware part is an array of electromagnetic parameter detectors; the software part is a modeling software based on OpenEMS The technological module creates so-called danger images of electromagnetic environment The results shows practical applicability of the technological module for the stated purpose © 2016The TheAuthors Authors Published by Elsevier © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Urbanisation as aresponsibility Prerequisite of forthe Sustainable Development Prerequisite for Sustainable Development Keywords: electromagnetic environment; electromagnetic field modeling; electromagnetic danger image Introduction Technogenic electromagnetic radiation is the significant factor of danger for human organism today [1–15] There is a wide list of various electromagnetic radiation sources Conducted research shows the possibility that the maximal permissible levels of some of the electromagnetic field parameters may be exceeded in scope of individual frequencies due to operation of: electrical equipment, electrical shields, power and light wiring, energy saving lamps etc., and also IT equipment and home appliances That is the reason why there is a need to consider * Corresponding author E-mail address: 888tev888@mail.ru 1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.815 1028 Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 multiple simultaneous electromagnetic radiation sources when estimating the danger level of an electromagnetic field The focus of our results is to solve the problem of estimating the danger of staying in the zone of electromagnetic radiation, while considering zones where multiple electromagnetic radiation sources are simultaneously operating (on possibly multiple frequencies) The ultimate result of the research is a reasonable development of the measures to reduce the risk of staying in the electromagnetic radiation zone based on the new principles of multi-frequency control of electromagnetic field Experimental section The developed technological module is a multi-functional complex of software and hardware It is designed for integrated estimation of electromagnetic radiation danger, and provides a facility for automated experimental data collection The software and hardware complex consists of the sensors detectors block (currently supporting a range of modern electromagnetic field detectors: P3-41, BE-meter AT-004, P3-50, MTM-01, and ST-01); a set of hardware adapters (to connect the detectors to PC) and the PC equipped with a set of specialized programs developed specially for the technological module The device connection scheme is presented on Fig Fig Scheme of the measurement devices connections to PC The technological module software supports either automatic data retrieval from measurement devices or manual data entry from the keyboard (for the devices not connectable directly to PC such as P3-50) The data flow scheme is presented on Fig Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 1029 Fig Experimental data processing scheme One of the basic variants of the technological module (with P3-41 device connected while measuring electric field on 30 kHz frequency) is presented on Fig Fig Electric field measured by P3-41 and displayed on the connected notebook display The functioning of the technological module is based on the following principles x The digital model of the studied room (including all the electromagnetic radiation sources) is produced based on the geometric parameters of the facility, and the relative positions of the electromagnetic radiation sources Every source is modeled as a 3D box 1030 Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 x Every controlled parameter of the electromagnetic field (electric and magnetic field values for low frequencies, and also the values of the Poynting vector for higher frequencies) is measured on every of the standartized diapasons (0 Hz / static fields, 50 Hz, 30 Hz – 330 GHz), including subdiapasons (30 kHz – MHz, MHz – 30 MHz, 30 MHz – 50 MHz, 50 MHz – 300 MHz) and possibly higher frequencies (based on the main electromagnetic radiation source frequencies; e.g 2450 MHz for microwave ovens) The field parameters is measured on the standard distance from every face of every electromagnetic radiation source in question; the standard distance should be determined by local sanitary rules and norms for every case The main data collected on this stage is the maximal value of every measured parameter for every accessible face of every electromagnetic radiation source in the room x For every frequency analyzed, prepare a computer model of the whole room, to derive the so-called electromagnetic field image for the whole room on this frequency AppCSXCAD program [16] used to prepare 3D model allows to select electromagnetic properties of the objects in the room Every electromagnetic radiation source and communication line in the room should be registered as a solid metal object See Fig for the sample of 3D room model Fig 3D model of a studied room with electromagnetic radiation sources: – LCD display, – table, – PC system block, – notebook, – electric heating device, – table, – notebook power adapter AppCSXCAD program is not capable of direct connection of the experimental data (i.e measured field parameters on the studied frequency) to a 3D model Although there is a technological module component designed for that purpose A functional scheme of the component is presented on Fig Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 Fig Functional scheme of a model preparation process The result of the model preparation stage is a file on OpenEMS format that contains both the 3D room model and an experimental data on the current frequency An individual combined model is prepared for every measured frequency To evaluate the state of the electromagnetic environment, electromagnetic field modeling is performed using finite-difference in time domain (FDTD) method [17–19] The core of the method is the partition of the studied space onto pieces of simple form (e.g cubic mesh) and further modeling of electromagnetic signal propagation through these pieces according to the well-known Maxwell laws [18] The technological module uses the open-source OpenEMS modeling library [20] to perform the calculations It helps to effectively determine the field parameters of the studied room OpenEMS software library is written in a C++ language, and may be integrated with either MATLAB or GNU Octave modeling environments The technological module includes a subroutine written in GNU Octave to invoke OpenEMS routines OpenEMS requires the following inputs to perform the modeling stage: x 3-dimensional model of the room; x known disposition of electromagnetic radiation sources; x frequency of the electromagnetic field; x known boundary condition types Results and discussion Every of the generated electromagnetic field spatial images is used to prepare the so-called electromagnetic field danger image It is achieve by transforming the axe of the electromagnetic parameter (e.g electric field, magnetic field, Poynting vector value) to the so-called allowed staying time (determined according to the local sanitary norms) axis in every image node The resulting electromagnetic danger image (see Fig 6) is a colored image, where the color of every pixel means a value of the allowed staying time The time scale is usually drawn to right of the image The scale helps to visually identify the danger zones of the room When evaluating the electromagnetic field danger inside of the industrial rooms, so-called cylindrical danger image may be used The main difference between the point and cylindrical picture is the projection method used to prepare the picture Every pixel of the cylindrical picture accounts the parameters of the electromagnetic field inside of the cylindrical zone (with some predetermined radius based on the industrial requirements) around the pixel It helps to better consider the working zones of the personnel inside of the industrial room The sample cylindrical picture of the room is presented on Fig 1031 1032 Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 Fig Point image of electromagnetic field danger Fig Cylindrical image of electromagnetic field danger So-called complex danger image can be combined from the simple danger pictures produced for every individual frequency or an electromagnetic field parameter Analysis of the complex case involving multiple electromagnetic radiation sources operating on different frequencies is a complex task that can have multiple solutions Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 One solution of combining the multiple danger pictures is so-called amplification model The amplification model expects the complex danger to increase when combining multiple simple danger images The resulting danger level in the zones where multiple danger sources are present is amplified according to the model; see Fig Fig Principle of amplification of the danger level combined from multiple danger sources For industrial conditions, the resulting intersection zone itself may generate the derivative cylinder danger image Conclusion The produced technological module allows to control the danger levels in the electromagnetic environments that include multiple electromagnetic radiation sources For the room zones with no intersections between dangers of multiple frequencies, common sanitary rules may be used (e.g common calculation of the personnel stay time) For the zones with intersections of multiple frequencies, a complex danger combining algorithm should be used; one perspective model for that is the danger amplification model The resulting danger images with refined personnel stay time with the zones of complex electromagnetic radiation influence are used to derive the protection measures for personnel with respect to frequency diapason for every frequency in the studied room References [1] What are the dangers of electromagnetic radiation and how to protect yourself from EMR? (2009) Information on http://neitronik.su/index/09 [2] N N Grachev, L O Myrova, Protection from dangerous radiation, Publishing house Binom Knowledge laboratory, Moscow, 2005 [3] I.I Davydov, Biological effects, regulation and protection from electromagnetic radiation, Computer-technology.1 (2004) 3-9 [4] A A Bagaev, A I Bagaev, L V Kulikova, Electrotechnology – Alt state technical University of I I Polzunov, Alt state agrarian Univ – Barnaul, Publishing house of Altai state agrarian University, Barnaul, 2006 [5] V.P Oleinik, Bases of interaction of physical fields with biological objects, Kharkiv aviation in-t, 2006 [6] Electromagnetic fields and public health (world health organization) Information on http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs322/ru/ [7] A A Soshnikov, E V Titov, Ensuring of electromagnetic safety of technological processes of agriculture, Vestnik of ASAU 2(112) (2014) 124 - 128 [8] E V Titov, L N Nurbaturova, J A Ovechkina, Modern methods of risk assessment of magnetic field, Biotechnosphere 6(42) (2015) – 10 [9] E V Titov, Evaluation of the electromagnetic environment on objects of agriculture, Polzunovskii Vestnik (2012) 75 - 77 [10] E V Titov, Analysis of the dangers of electromagnetic radiation in space, Vestnik of ASAU 12(98) (2012) 94 – 97 [11] A.N Stozharov Electromagnetic pollution Information on http://www.fund-intent.ru/Document/Show/4039 [12] R G Minullin, V I Nazarenko, E Y Zykov, and others, Methodological aspects of monitoring of electromagnetic fields in inhabited areas, Hygiene and sanitation (1995) 25-27 [13] P A Gluhoedov, Electromagnetic radiation – EMR Information on http://bonlife.com.ua/index.php/islucheniya/9-emi8 [14] V A Devenco, The influence of electromagnetic radiation Information on http://zaschita.yoga-kiev.com/str_10.htm [15] I V Orzelski, Electromagnetic radiation Information on http://www.fostac.ch/de/docs/fostac_studie_elektrosmog_igor_orzelsky_russisch.pdf [16] T Liebig, AppCSXCAD – Minimal GUI Application using the QCSXCAD library Information on https://github.com/thliebig/AppCSXCAD [17] A N Bogolyubov, I A Butkarev, Y S Dementieva, Numerical simulation of two-dimensional photonic crystals, Journal of Radioelectronics 11 (2006) – 21 1033 1034 Alexander Soshnikov et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1027 – 1034 [18] I E Migalyov Practical application of the FDTD method – Polzunovskii Vestnik – Barnaul, 2012 – #4 – S 33 – 35 [19] A V Deinega Numerical modeling and computer design of the optical properties of nanostructured materials: Dissertation of candidate of physical and mathematical sciences – Moscow, 2010 – 157 p [20] Liebig T OpenEMS - open electromagnetic field solver General; Theoretical Electrical Engineering (ATE) University of Duisburg-Essen – http://openEMS.de