physical health indicators improve prediction of cardiovascular and all cause mortality among middle aged and older people a national population based study

www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN received: 29 June 2016 accepted: 05 December 2016 Published: 12 January 2017 Physical Health Indicators Improve Prediction of Cardiovascular and All-cause Mortality among MiddleAged and Older People: a National Population-based Study Wei-Ju Lee1,2,3, Li-Ning Peng1,2,4, Shu-Ti Chiou2,5 & Liang-Kung Chen1,4 The effectiveness of established methods for stratifying cardiovascular risk, for example, the Framingham risk score (FRS), may be improved by adding extra variables This study evaluated the potential benefits of adding physical health indicators (handgrip strength, walking speed, and peak expiratory flow) to the FRS in predicting cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by using a nationwide population-based cohort study data During median follow-up of 4.1 years, 67 of 911 study subjects had died In Cox regression analysis, all additional physical health indicators, except walking speed, significantly predicted cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P