modeling generalized interline power flow controller gipfc using 48 pulse voltage source converters

+Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters Amir Ghorbani a,∗ , Seyed Yaser Ebrahimi b , Morteza Ghorbani c Q1 a Department of Electrical Engineering, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran Department of Electrical Engineering, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hidaj, Iran Department of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran b c Received 31 January 2015; received in revised form October 2016; accepted 10 January 2017 Abstract 17 Generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) is one of the voltage-source controller (VSC)-based flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers that can independently regulate the power-flow over each transmission line of a multiline system This paper presents the modeling and performance analysis of GIPFC based on 48-pulsed voltage-source converters This paper deals with a cascaded multilevel converter model, which is a 48-pulse (three levels) voltage source converter The voltage source converter described in this paper is a harmonic neutralized, 48-pulse GTO converter The GIPFC controller is based on d-q orthogonal coordinates The algorithm is verified using simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment Comparisons between unified power flow controller (UPFC) and GIPFC are also included © 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V on behalf of Electronics Research Institute (ERI) This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 18 Keywords: Generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC); Voltage source converter (VCS); 48-pulse GTO converter 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 Q2 22 23 24 25 26 27 Introduction Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) technology has enabled new opportunities in dynamic control of voltage, impedance, and phase-angle of high voltage transmission lines FACTS devices which are used for power control can be divided into two different categories The first category includes the devices which utilize converters with thyristors and impedances to control the power (e.g SVC, TCSC and etc.) The second category includes the devices which utilize switching power supplies to build a controllable static synchronous voltage source (e.g STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC) GIPFC is a new FACTS device which belongs to the second category All FACTS devices are only able to control the parameters of one single transmission line For instance UPFC is only capable to ∗ Corresponding author E-mail address: ghorbani a@abhariau.ac.ir (A Ghorbani) Peer review under the responsibility of Electronics Research Institute (ERI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 2314-7172/© 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V on behalf of Electronics Research Institute (ERI) This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig GIPFC model Table FACTS achieved by different configurations of switches in Fig Case number 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 State of switches FACTS S1 S2 S3 Close Close Open Close Open Close Close Close Open Open Close Open Close Close Open GIPFC UPFC + SSSC1 IPFC + STATCOM UPFC + SSSC2 STATCOM + SSSC1 + SSSC2 control the transmitting active and reactive power of its own transmission line This is not desired in ring networks For example, when UPFC increases the transmitting power of its own line, transmitting power of other line diminishes which is not desired GIPFC is used to solve this problem It is capable to control several transmission lines simultaneously which eliminates the defect of UPFC GIPFC has a shunt converter (STATCOM) which is linked to a number of series converters (SSSC) via DC link Each of series converters is located in a separate transmission line General structure of GIPFC is displayed in Fig and it has been assumed that there are two transmission lines If all the switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed the result will be a GIPFC Flexibility in configuration is another advantage of GIPFC Table lists the different operating modes which results with different switch settings Convertible and multi-purpose controllers are introduced with utilizing UPFC to increase transmission line performance (Huang et al., 2000; Bian et al., 1996) This type of controllers, employing voltage source converters can be used to for voltage control, impedance compensation or angle compensation separately They can also connect to a common DC link to utilize extensive capabilities of transmission power control (Fig 1) It can be seen from the figure that GIPFC is composed of two static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) and one shunt static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) When S1 is open, STATCOM will be used for voltage or reactive power control (Sen, 1999) Two combined SSSC with a common DC link leads to an Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) The output voltage for one of the SSSCs has controllable magnitude and phase The other SSSC is used for active power control This combination can be used to control active power in multi-line systems, transferring load between high loaded and low loaded lines (Gyugyi et al., 1998) First multi-line controller was IPFC which has been analyzed later (Jianhong et al., 2002; Diez-Valencia et al., 2002; Wei et al., 2004; Sun et al., 2008), investigates generalized UPFC in which major factor model of GUPFC was used for stability analysis One of the things that increases total cost of FACTS devices in power systems is using filter beside them Injected harmonics by FACTS devices are high because of using voltage source converters in them So it is obligatory to use different filters in addition To solve this problem, nowadays 48 pulses converters have been proposed which reduce injected harmonics and there is no need to filters In Hingorani and Gyugyi (2000) and El-Moursi and Sharaf (2005) the performance of SSSS and STATCOM using these 48 pulses converters have been surveyed It is the first time that a 48 pulses converter has been considered for GIPFC and subsequently an appropriate controller for it has been proposed in this paper In Vasquez-Arnez and Zanetta (2008), an analytic method has been proposed to study power transfer Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig The model system 60 control using GIPFC This analytic method is used to verify simulation results in this paper Modeling results indicate that GIPFC can control transmitting power of several lines independently so that power swings in one line not affect other lines Also the results of GIPFC have been compared with UPFC results to highlight the plus points of GIPFC Finally, harmonic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of 48 pulses converter in GIPFC Results proved that these converters by means of appropriate controllers remarkably reduce harmonics 61 GIPFC analysis 56 57 58 59 62 63 64 Q3 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 Q4 The system studied is shown in Fig The parameters are assumed to be the same for both lines Using steady state model based on d-q equations makes it easier to model ideal voltage sources So, d-q coordinating equations are used in this paper Current and voltage equations are as follows (Vasquez-Arnez and Zanetta, 2008): I¯ = I¯1o + I¯1c (1) o c In above equation I¯ represents the current for line without compensation I¯ : represents the current for line that comes from V1C compensator Transmission lines resistance is supposed to be negligible for simplicity Suppose XL1 = XL11 + XL12 and XL2 = XL21 + XL22 , so we have: o I¯ = V1q − V2q V 1d − V2d −j XL1 XL1 (2) Similarly we have: V¯ 1c c I¯ = = jXL1 V1cq V 1cd −j XL1 XL1 (3) Substituting Eqs (3) and (2) in Eq (1), active and reactive power can be extracted as following: P = P1o + V2d V1cq V1cd − V 2q XL1 XL1 73 Q1 = Qo1 V1cq V1cd + V2q + V 2d XL1 XL1 (4) Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 74 75 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Qo1 and P1o are reactive and active power when there is no compensation We can repeat the same calculations for the second line The only difference is presence of Ish which comes from STATCOM: V2cq XL2 V o − 2cd = I22q XL2 o + V2cq = I22d XL2 V o + 2cd = I22q XL2 o + I21d = I22d I21q 76 I22d I22q 77 78 79 80 81 XL22 Ishd XL2 XL22 + Ishq XL2 XL21 − Ishd XL2 XL21 − Ishq XL2 + (5) So, d-q voltages of STATCOM bus or V¯ 21 is: V 21d = V1d + XL21 I21q ; V 21q = V1q − XL21 I 21d The power for SSSC1 (series converter) is: Pse1 = V1cd I1d + V1cq I1q (7) Similarly, the power for SSSC2 is: 82 Pse2 = V2cd I22d + V2cq I22q 83 Substituting Eq (5) in Eq (8) we have: 84 Pse2 = V2cd I22d + V2cq I22q − 85 For the parallel compensator we have: 86 Psh = V21d Ishd + V22q Ishq 87 88 89 90 91 Q5 92 (8) XL21 (V2cd Ishd + V2cq Ishq ) XL2 94 95 96 97 Q6 98 (9) (10) Substituting Eqs (5) and (6) in Eq (9) we have: P sh = Ishd V1d + XL21 I o22q − XL21 V2cd XL2 + Ishq V1q + XL21 I o22d − XL21 V2cq XL2 (11) Neglecting inverter losses, it can be said that the parallel converter supplies the power for both series converters: P sh = P se1 + P se2 (12) Substituting Eqs (1), (7), (9) and (11) in Eq (12) we have: o o o o (V1cd I1d + V1cq I1q ) + (V2cd I22d + V2cq I22q ) − Ishd (V1d + XL21 I o22q − Ishq (V1q − XL21 I o22d = d 93 (6) b (13) b In other words: d − bIshd − aIshq = (14) The reactive power absorbed or supplied by STATCOM for controlling V21 is: Qsh = (V21q Ishd − V21d Ishq ) (15) Substituting Eqs (5) and (6) in Eq (15) we have: k1 (Ishd )2 + (k2 V2cq − a)Ishd + k1 (Ishq )2 −(k2 V2cd − b)Ishq + c = (16) Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig P–Q curve for SSSC1 99 100 101 In which: k1 = XL21 XL22 /XL2 , k = XL21 /XL2 and c = Qsh Using Eqs (14) and (16), parameters Ishd and Ishq can be obtained: 102 AIshd + BIshd + C = 103 In which A, B and C are as follows: A = k1 + 104 106 107 b B = k2 (V2cq + V2cd ) − a C= 105 b a d a k1 (17) a3 + 2bdk1 + ab2 a2 (18) d ac − k2 V2cd + b + a d The currents can be obtained using Eqs (14) and (18) Using the currents, active and reactive powers at the receiver can be derived as follows: V2q V2d P2 = P2o + (V2cq − XL21 Ishd ) − (V2cd − XL21 Ishq ) XL2 XL2 (19) V2q V2d (V2cq − XL21 Ishd ) + (V2cd + XL21 Ishq ) Q2 = Qo2 + XL2 XL2 109 P o2 and Qo2 are active and reactive powers of second line when there is no compensation In the next section GIPFC operational analysis for difference operating modes is presented which is based on P–Q curve analysis 110 2.1 GIPFC operational analysis 108 111 112 113 114 115 116 To analyze GIPFC capability in controlling active and reactive power, P–Q curve is used The curve represents active and reactive power at the receiving end for different values of output voltage degrees varying from to 360◦ Fig shows P–Q curve for different values of V1c considering V2c = 0.15 p.u Inside the shown circles with P1o and Qo1 as the centers are the controllable regions of series converter SSSC1 The radius is proportional to amount of the voltage injected by SSSC1 Fig shows the second line controllable region by SSSC2 V1c = 0.2 p.u, angle = 15◦ and δ = 30◦ It can be observed from the figure that the curves are not circles in this case It is because of STATCOM, which Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig P–Q curve for SSSC2 Fig SSSC2 P–Q curve for different load angles 125 is expected referring to Eq (19) The reason is that the existence of STATCOM in UPFC produces shunt currents (Ishd and Ishq ) which their effect on active and reactive powers have been provided in Eq (19) These two current components (Ishd and Ishq ) cause the equations to be transformed to elliptic equations By plotting the equations as it can be seen, P–Q curve turns to elliptical shape P1o and Qo1 are not at the center either for this case Changing system load angle will change P0 and Q0 values and as a result SSSC1 controllable area centred at P0 and Q0 will shift as well I can be realized from Eq (4) that line-1 is independent of line The P–Q area remains the same for all load angle values However, P–Q region for line-2 will not be elliptical anymore for higher values of load angle Fig shows the SSSC2 P–Q curve for different values of load angle (V1c = 0.2 p.u, angle = 15◦ and V2c = 0.15 p.u) 126 2.2 Comparing GIPFC with UPFC and IPFC 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 127 128 129 Series converter SSSC1 is not utilized for UPFC Fig shows UPFC and GIPFC P–Q comparison with V1c = 0.2 p.u, V2c = 0.15 p.u and angle = 15◦ in case of GIPFC It can be seen that the area remains the same and only it shifts in the P–Q curve Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig P–Q curve comparison between UPFC and GIPFC Fig P–Q curve comparison between IPFC and GIPFC 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 IPFC usually contains multiple series compensators which are connected to each other in their DC terminals Two SSSCs are considered for IPFC in this study In this configuration besides series reactive compensation, each converter can be used to supply active power from transmission line into its common DC link (Hingorani and Gyugyi, 2000) For IPFC, the shunt part of GIPFC (STATCOM) is not in use which means Qsh = and Ish = It is also supposed that the SSSC1 independently controls its output voltage magnitude and phase values SSSC2 supply the active power for SSSC1; as a result Vc2q is controlled independently and Vc2d depends on Vc1 which is defined in Eq (13) Fig shows the obtained results Controllable region of line one is similar to the case GIPFC is in the loop However, controllable region of second line is much more limited the case GIPFC is in the loop In fact this is one of the most important advantages of GIPFC over IPFC Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig GIPFC controller 139 GIPFC controller 161 GIPFC superior operational performance is mainly due to its unique ability to inject a series compensation AC voltage factor with an arbitrary amount of amplitude and phase while sending command for both systems even with a different voltage level Shunt converter operates in a way that tries to absorb a controlled current Ish and inject it to the line Ishd factor will be provided automatically by forcing active power at series converter Since the other current factor, Ishq , is reactive, it can be adjusted to any reference value within the converter’s controllable limits Series and shunt converter controller is shown in Fig QRef and PRef are selected by an external controller (i.e operator) Having these two values and Vd and Vq factors of V22 , appropriate values for IqRef and IdRef will be obtained The obtained parameters are compared with the measured values from the line (Id and Iq ) and after proper amplification it is used to calculate angle and amplitude of the series converter output voltage The controller for SSSC2 is exactly the same with the one for SSSC1 A voltage limiter is used at the series compensator output to consider practical constraints which can be either from the system properties or limitations imposed by the devices (Khederzadeh and Ghorbani, 2012; Ghorbani et al., 2016) Using up to 24-pulse converters at high power FACTS devices without an AC filter can produce higher level harmonics which are not acceptable most of the times Usually, for 24-pulse converters a high pass filter set to 23rd and 25th harmonics at the transformers side is used Using 48-pulse converters (four 12-pulse converters) can be another option A system of transformers for 24-pulse converters which have 7.5◦ difference in phase angle is used 48-pulse converter can be used without any AC filter at high power high voltage applications In this type of converters the output voltage includes harmonics from 48n ± (47, 49, 95, 97 and ) order with amplitude of 1/48n ± times of the base harmonic The configuration of the 48-pulse converter implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment is shown in Fig It is shown in Fig 10 how the half-cycle output of 48-pulse converter is created from sum of the outputs of four 12-pulse converter The output for 48 and 24 pulse converters (VAN ) and their FFT analysis are shown in Fig 11 It can be seen from Fig 11 that the THD value for 48-pulse is half of that one for 24-pulse 162 Simulation results 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 163 164 165 166 Fig shows the modeled system The modeled STATCOM has 200 MVA nominal power to make it able to provide the power needed by each series converter (100 MVA) 48-pulse VSCs are used to simulate series and parallel converters The angle difference between the two systems is equal to δ = 30o Simulation results for different operating modes are presented in the following Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig 48 pulse VSC setup in MATLAB/Simulink environment 167 4.1 GIPFC simulation results 177 In this operating mode all three converters are used and the GIPFC is in its full operating state Simulation results are presented in Figs 12–18 Active power at the receiving end of lines and are shown in Figs 12 and 14 respectively PRef , PRef and measured active power by the GIPFC are shown in Figs 13 and 15 It can be observed the outputs closely follow the referenced inputs It can be concluded that the transferred power can be controlled in a wide range for both lines The measured voltage at STATCOM installation point (V22 ) is shown in Fig 16 STATCOM independently regulates V22 by injecting reactive power STATCOM also should be able to supply the active power for both series converters which is shown in Fig 17 48-pulse shunt converter’s (STATCOM) output and V22 , Iash are shown in Fig 18 More phase difference between Iash and converter voltage leads to more injected active power by STATCOM It can also be mentioned that STATCOM is injecting reactive power to the system since the converter output voltage is greater than V22 178 4.2 UPFC 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 179 180 181 182 In this state, SSSC1 is not utilized Power control is similar to GIPFC state with the difference that in this case first line remains uncompensated Simulation results are shown in Figs 19 and 20 for this case It can be seen from Fig 20 that the transferred power at the first line has been decreased while it is regulated to a fixed value in GIPFC case It should be noted that we already showed that even the transferred power of the first line can be increased using GIPFC Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 10 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig 10 Output of 48 pulse converter Fig 11 Output of the converter with its FFT analysis (a) 24 pulse, (b) 48 pulse Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx 11 Fig 12 Active power at line Fig 13 Reference signal for SSSC1 and the measured active power Fig 14 Active power at line Fig 15 Reference signal for SSSC2 together with measured active power 183 184 185 186 187 188 4.3 Comparing analytic and simulation results In this section analytic results are compared to the simulation results Figs 21 and 22 show P–Q curves for UPFC and SSSC1 containing both analytic and simulated results, respectively It can be seen that the analytic results are very similar to the simulated results For example the injected reactive and active powers in GIPFC mode are shown for SSSC1 in Fig 23(a) and (b) Combining these two figures and converting them to P–Q representation will result in the same curve shown in Fig 21 Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 12 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig 16 V 22 and STATCOM Vref Fig 17 STATCOM active power together with sum of series converters active power Fig 18 STATCOM 48-pulse converter output together with Iash Fig 19 Active power at line Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx 13 Fig 20 Active power at line Fig 21 Analytic P–Q curve for different values of injected voltage by UPFC compared to simulation results Fig 22 Analytic P–Q curve for different values of injected voltage by SSSC1 compared to simulation results 189 190 191 192 Conclusions Controlling transferring power of a transmission line by UPFC in ring networks, changes the transferring power of adjacent lines GIPFC configuration is used to control transferring power of two or more lines simultaneously It is capable to control the lines independently without any effect on other lines GIPFC provides an opportunity to reduce Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 14 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Fig 23 Reactive (a) and active (b) power control at the receiving end using UPFC part of GIPFC 201 transferring power of a line during over load and transferring it via other lines This paper explains how GIPFC works and for the first time 48 pulses converters are used and the relevant controller has been provided GIPFC performance in different operating modes has been investigated in this paper GIPFC is tolerant against the faults which occur in a specific part of the controller i.e the GIPFC will still continue its operation in case that a fault occurs in one of its components It has also shown that using 48-pulse converters in GIPFC design there is no need to install additional AC filters Flexibility and wide range of operation makes GIPFC ideal for future works Impact of using GIPFC on transient stability, voltage stability and so on can be considered as future works The output for 48 and 24 pulse converters and their FFT analysis are shown in this paper It can be observed from results that the THD value for 48-pulse is half of that one for 24-pulse 202 References 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 Huang, Z., et al., 2000 Application of unified power flow controller in inter-connected power systems—modeling, interface, control strategy and study case IEEE Trans Power Syst 15 (May (2)), 817–824 Bian, J., Ramey, D.G., Nelson, R.J., Edris, A., 1996 A study of equipment sizes and constraints for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) In: Proc IEEE/Power Eng Soc Transm Distrib Conf., Los Angeles, CA, pp 332–338 Sen, K.K., 1999 STATCOM-STATic synchronous COMpensator: theory, modeling, and application, 99WM706 In: Proceedings of IEEEIPES Winter Meeting, New York Gyugyi, L., Sen, K.K., Schauder, C.D., 1998 Interline power flow controller concept: a new approach to power flow management in transmission systems IEEE Trans Power Deliv 14 (July (3)), 1115–1123 Jianhong, C., Lie, T.T., Vilathgamuwa, D.M., 2002 Basic control of Interline power flow controller Proc IEEE Power Eng Soc., Winter Meeting vol 1, 521–525 Diez-Valencia, V., Annakkage, U.D., Gole, A.M., Demchenko, P., Jacobson, D., 2002 Interline power flow controller (IPFC) steady state operation Proc IEEE Can Conf Electrical and Computer Engineering vol 1, 280–284 Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 +Model JESIT 147 1–15 ARTICLE IN PRESS A Ghorbani et al / Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology xxx (2017) xxx–xxx 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 15 Wei, X., Chow, J.H., Fardanesh, B., Edris, A.-A., 2004 A dispatch strategy for an Interline power flow controller operating at rated capacity In: Proc Power Systems Conf Expo., New York, October 10–13 Sun, L., Mei, S., Lu, Q., Ma, J., 2003 Application of GUPFC in China’s Sichuan power grid—modeling, control strategy and case study July 13–17 In: Proc IEEE Power Eng Soc General Meeting, vol 1, pp 175–181 Hingorani, N.G., Gyugyi, L., 2000 Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ El-Moursi, M.S., Sharaf, A.M., 2005 Novel controllers for the 48-Pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for voltage regulation and reactive power compensation IEEE Trans Power Syst 20 (November (4)), 1985–1997 Vasquez-Arnez, R Leon, Zanetta Jr., Luiz Cera, 2008 A novel approach for modeling the steady-state VSC-based multiline FACTS controllers and their operational constraints IEEE Trans Power Deliv 23 (January (1)) Khederzadeh, M., Ghorbani, A., 2012 Impact of VSC-based multiline FACTS controllers on distance protection of transmission lines IEEE Trans Power Deliv 27 (January (1)), 32–39 Ghorbani, A., Soleymani, S., Mozafari, B., 2016 A PMU-based LOE protection of synchronous generator in the presence of GIPFC IEEE Trans Power Deliv 31 (April (2)), 551–558 Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power-flow controller (GIPFC) using 48-pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002 ... can be increased using GIPFC Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power- flow controller (GIPFC) using 48- pulse voltage source converters J Electr... proposed to study power transfer Please cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power- flow controller (GIPFC) using 48- pulse voltage source converters J... cite this article in press as: Ghorbani, A., et al., Modeling generalized interline power- flow controller (GIPFC) using 48- pulse voltage source converters J Electr Syst Inform Technol (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.01.002