1. Trang chủ
  2. » Giáo án - Bài giảng

managing multiple ecosystem services for landscape conservation a green infrastructure in lombardy region

7 0 0

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Nội dung

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 – 2303 :RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86 0DQDJLQJ0XOWLSOH(FRV\VWHP6HUYLFHVIRU/DQGVFDSH &RQVHUYDWLRQ$*UHHQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHLQ/RPEDUG\5HJLRQ $QGUHD$UFLGLDFRQRD6LOYLD5RQFKLD 6WHIDQR6DODWDE a Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, via Bonardi 3, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy b Politecnico di Torino, Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, viale Mattioli 39, 10125 Torino, Italy $EVWUDFW 7KHVSDWLDODVVHVVPHQWRI(FRV\VWHP¶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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:HFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHODQGVFDSHVSDWLDOSODQQLQJJUHHQLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVPXOWLIXQFWLRQDOLW\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ 2QHRIWKHPDMRUEHQHILWRI(FRV\VWHP6HUYLFHV (6 DQDO\VLVDQGPDSSLQJLVWKHSRVVLELOLW\WRLQWHJUDWHODQGVFDSH   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:VLOYLDURQFKL#SROLPLLW 1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.831 2298 Andrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 –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³DVWUDWHJLFDOO\SODQQHGQHWZRUN RIKLJKTXDOLW\QDWXUDODQGVHPLQDWXUDODUHDVZLWKRWKHUHQYLURQPHQWDOIHDWXUHVZKLFKLVGHVLJQHGDQGPDQDJHGWR GHOLYHU D ZLGH UDQJH RI (6 DQG SURWHFW ELRGLYHUVLW\ LQ ERWK UXUDO DQG XUEDQ VHWWLQJV´ >@ 0RUH VSHFLILFDOO\ WKH SODQQHG(XURSHDQ6WUDWHJ\DLPWRVXSSRUW7DUJHWRIWKH(8ELRGLYHUVLW\VWUDWHJ\WR>@ZKLFKHVWDEOLVKWKDW ³%\  HFRV\VWHPV DQG WKHLU VHUYLFHV DUH PDLQWDLQHG DQG HQKDQFHG E\ HVWDEOLVKLQJ JUHHQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG UHVWRULQJDWOHDVWRIGHJUDGHGHFRV\VWHPV´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ndrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 – 2303 2299 ODQGVFDSH  /HJLVODWLYH GHFUHH   7KH 5HJLRQDO 7HUULWRULDO 3ODQ LV FRPSRVHG E\ D VSHFLILF VLGH ZKLFK LV GHGLFDWHG WR ODQGVFDSH SUHVFULSWLRQV 6XFK SDUW LV FDOOHG ³5HJLRQDO /DQGVFDSH 3ODQ´ 335 ±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³(QYLURQPHQWHQHUJ\ DQGVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW´RI/RPEDUG\5HJLRQWRHVWDEOLVKDWHFKQLFDOSDUWQHUVKLSVXSSRUWLQJWKHQHZ/DQGVFDSH 3ODQ $PRQJ 3ODQ¶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ƒ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³KROLVWLFDSSURDFK´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apping the overall ecological quality using the Habitat Quality model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¶VRXWSXW2QFHHDFK LQSXWLVSUHSDUHGWKHPRGHOUXQDSSO\LQJD³SHUSL[HO´HTXDWLRQZKLFKJHQHUDWHVDUHODWLYHYDOXHRIWKHKDELWDWUDQJLQJ IURPWR 6SHFLILFDOO\WKHLQSXWVDUH x x 7KHFXUUHQW/DQG8VH/DQG&RYHU /8/& ,QWKHFDVHRI/RPEDUG\UHJLRQWKHVHOHFWHG/8/&ZDV³'86$)± 'HVWLQD]LRQHG¶8VRGHL6XROL$JULFROLH)RUHVWDOL´PDGHE\(56$)LQDQGEDVHGRQ&RULQH/DQG&RYHU FODVVLILFDWLRQV\VWHP7KHUDVWHUUHVROXWLRQZDV PHWHUVXVLQJWKHWKLUGOHYHORIOHJHQG 7KUHDWV DVVLJQLQJ WKH PD[LPXP GLVWDQFH RYHU ZKLFK HDFK WKUHDW DIIHFWV +DELWDWV H[SUHVVHG LQ NLORPHWUHV D ZHLJKWHGLPSDFWRIHDFKWKUHDWRQ+DELWDWVH[SUHVVHGZLWKDWWKHKLJKHVWWRDWWKHORZHVWDQGILQDOO\WKH GHFD\RIWKUHDW 2300 Andrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 – 2303 7DEOH7KUHDWVXVHGDVLQSXWIRU+4,Q9(67PRGHO 7KUHDW ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH KLJKZD\VURDGVUDLOZD\V  $QWKURSLVHGDUHDV 8UEDQL]HGDUHDVSURGXFWLYHDUHDVGXPSVFRQVWUXFWLRQVLWHVXUEDQJUHHQ DUHDV   x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x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he Recreation and tourism model &XOWXUDO(6DUHGHILQHGDV³QRQǦPDWHULDOEHQHILWVWKDWSHRSOHREWDLQIURPHFRV\VWHPVWKURXJKVSLULWXDOHQULFKPHQW FRJQLWLYHGHYHORSPHQWUHIOHFWLRQUHFUHDWLRQDQGDHVWKHWLFH[SHULHQFH´>@7KLVEHQHILWVUDQJHVIURPRSSRUWXQLWLHV IRUWRXULVPDQGUHFUHDWLRQDODFWLYLWLHVDSSUHFLDWLRQRIQDWXUDOVFHQHU\VHQVHRISODFHDQGEHORQJLQJHGXFDWLRQDQG VFLHQFHWRLQVSLUDWLRQIRUFXOWXUHDUWDQGGHVLJQ0RVWRIWKHUHFUHDWLRQVHUYLFHVDUH³QDWXUHEDVHG´PHDQLQJWKDW WKHVHVHUYLFHVDUHJHQHUDWHGE\LQWHUDFWLRQVRUDSSUHFLDWLRQRIWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW7KH,Q9(67UHFUHDWLRQPRGHO XVHVLQIRUPDWLRQRQYLVLWDWLRQUDWHVDQGWUDYHOOHURULJLQVZRUOGZLGHSURYLGHGE\)OLFNURQOLQHVRFLDOPHGLD>@7KH PRGHOH[WUDFWVWKHJHRUHIHUHQFHGSKRWRVXSORDGHGLQWRWKH)OLFNUZHEVLWHDQGILQDOO\LWHVWLPDWHVWKHDYHUDJHDQQXDO SKRWRǦXVHUǦGD\V 38' DVDSUR[\IRUYLVLWDWLRQUDWH7KHWRROSHUIRUPVDOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQUHODWLQJWKHDUUDQJHPHQW RISUHGLFWRUYDULDEOHVLQHDFKFHOOWRXVHUǦGD\VDFURVVDOOFHOOV7KHGDWDUHTXLUHGDUHWKH$UHDRI,QWHUHVW $2, ZKLFK LVWKHJHRJUDSKLFVKDSHRIWKHVWXG\DUHD /RPEDUG\5HJLRQ DQGWKHFHOOVL]HUHVROXWLRQFHOODQGDGGLWLRQDOJOREDO GDWDVHWVDVVRXUFHRIEHWWHUGDWDZKHQWKHVHDUHQRWDYDLODEOHDWORFDOVFDOH3RSXODWLRQIURP5LGJH1DWLRQDO/DERUDWRU\ /DQG6FDQ   2SHQ 6WUHHW 0DS   IHDWXUHV 3URWHFWHG $UHDV IURP 81(3:&0& :RUOG 'DWD %DVH RQ 3URWHFWHG$UHDV  /8/&IRUP(6$*ORE&RYHU  7KHRXWSXWPDSVVKRZSDWWHUQVRIUHFUHDWLRQDOXVHLQ /RPEDUG\UHJLRQ VHH)LJULJKW  4.3 The Anthropic heritage 7KHDERYHPHQWLRQHGPRGHOVZHUHLQWHJUDWHGZLWKWKHFRQVWLWXWLYHHOHPHQWVRIDQWKURSLFODQGVFDSHFRPSRVHGE\WKH FDWDORJXHRIWKH&RGHRIFXOWXUDOKHULWDJHDQGODQGVFDSH /HJLVODWLYHGHFUHH (DFKHOHPHQWVRIDQWKURSLF Andrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 – 2303 2301 ODQGVFDSHZHUHHYDOXDWHGZLWKDVFRUHWKDWUDQJHVIURPWRXVLQJWKHGHJUHHRIFRQVWUDLQW UHSRUWHGLQ7DEOH DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\DSDWWHUQRI³GHQVLW\´RIVXFKSUHVFULSWLRQZDVRXWOLQHGXVLQJWKH.HUQHOGHQVLW\IXQFWLRQRI$UF*,6     )LJ/RPEDUG\UHJLRQ OHIW WKH+DELWDW4XDOLW\RXWSXWGHYHORSHGZLWK,Q9(67VRIWZDUH ULJKW WKH5HFUHDWLRQVFHQDULRRXWSXWGHYHORSHG ZLWK,Q9(67VRIWZDUH 7KHRXWSXWVKRZZKHUHWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIDQWKURSLFODQGVFDSH¶VHOHPHQWVLVKLJKHUFRQVLGHULQJWKHYDOXHDVVLJQHG 7KHKLJKHUYDOXHLVGLVWULEXWHGLQWKHSULPDU\KLOOVFORVHWRWKHODNHDQGLQWKH$SHQQLQHVUHJLRQFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\ YLQH\DUGDQGSDUWLFXODUJHRPRUSKRORJLFDOFRQGLWLRQDQGILQDOO\LQWKHYDOOH\IORRURI6RQGULRSURYLQFHZKHUHWKH ULYHU$GGDWKHUHJLRQDOSDUNVDQGWKHKLVWRULFDODQGDUFKLWHFWXUDOHOHPHQWVVWUXFWXUHWKHHQWLUHDUHD VHH)LJOHIW      )LJ/RPEDUG\UHJLRQ OHIW .HUQHOGHQVLW\HVWLPDWLRQRI$QWKURSLF/DQGVFDSHHOHPHQWV ULJKW 0XOWLSOH(62YHUOD\ 5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQV 5.1 A multiple overlapping analysis for the definition of the Regional Green Infrastructure 2QFH WKH PRGHOV ZKHUH SUHSDUHG LW ZDV XVHG D PXOWLSOH RYHUODSSLQJ DQDO\VLV EHWZHHQ WKHP 7KH OD\HUV ZHUH KRPRJHQLVHGWUDQVIRUPLQJWKHUDVWHUILOHLQYHFWRUILOHDQGWKHUHVXOWVZHUHILQDOO\FRPELQHG7KHRSHUDWLRQIRUD VSDWLDOSDWWHUQRI(6ZDVPDGHXVLQJ$UF*,6LQWHUVHFWWRRODQGDIWHUWKHVXPRIHDFKVLQJOHYDOXHZDVQRUPDOL]HG WRRXWOLQHDQHTXDOGLVWULEXWLRQIURPWR7KHWRWDOYDOXHVDUHFODVVLILHGLQUDWHVXVLQJWKH-HQNVDOJRULWKPDQG 2302 Andrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 –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|QHQ,QWHJUDWLQJHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVLQWRHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWDVVHVVPHQW$Q DQDO\WLF±GHOLEHUDWLYHDSSURDFK(QYLURQ,PSDFW$VVHVV5HY  ±GRLMHLDU Andrea Arcidiacono et al / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2297 – 2303 >@ 03RWVFKLQ5+DLQHV@ -$KHUQ6&LOOLHUV-1LHPHOl7KHFRQFHSWRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVLQDGDSWLYHXUEDQSODQQLQJDQGGHVLJQ$IUDPHZRUNIRUVXSSRUWLQJ LQQRYDWLRQ/DQGVF8UEDQ3ODQ  ±GRLMODQGXUESODQ >@ 1.DELVFK(FRV\VWHPVHUYLFHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGJRYHUQDQFHFKDOOHQJHVLQXUEDQJUHHQVSDFHSODQQLQJ²7KHFDVHRI%HUOLQ*HUPDQ\ /DQG8VH3ROLF\  ±GRLMODQGXVHSRO >@ (3ULPPHU()XUPDQ2SHUDWLRQDOLVLQJHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHDSSURDFKHVIRUJRYHUQDQFH'RPHDVXULQJPDSSLQJDQGYDOXLQJLQWHJUDWH VHFWRUVSHFLILFNQRZOHGJHV\VWHPV"(FRV\VW6HUY  ±GRLMHFRVHU >@ 0$UWPDQQ,QVWLWXWLRQDOHIILFLHQF\RIXUEDQVRLOVHDOLQJPDQDJHPHQW±)URPUDLVLQJDZDUHQHVVWREHWWHULPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIVXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQWLQ*HUPDQ\/DQGVF8UEDQ3ODQ  ±GRLMODQGXUESODQ >@ 5+DQVHQ1)UDQW]HVNDNL70F3KHDUVRQ(5DOO1.DELVFK$.DF]RURZVNDHWDO7KHXSWDNHRIWKHHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVFRQFHSWLQ SODQQLQJGLVFRXUVHVRI(XURSHDQDQG$PHULFDQFLWLHV(FRV\VW6HUY  ±GRLMHFRVHU >@ -/DQJHPH\HU(*yPH]%DJJHWKXQ'+DDVH66FKHXHU7(OPTYLVW%ULGJLQJWKHJDSEHWZHHQHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHDVVHVVPHQWVDQGODQG XVHSODQQLQJWKURXJK0XOWL&ULWHULD'HFLVLRQ$QDO\VLV 0&'$ (QYLURQ6FL3ROLF\  GRLMHQYVFL >@ 1'HQGRQFNHU+.HXQH6-DFREV(*yPH]%DJJHWKXQ(FRV\VWHP6HUYLFHV(OVHYLHUGRL% >@%2VWUR/&KHVWQXW$VVHVVLQJWKHKHDOWKEHQHILWVRIUHGXFLQJSDUWLFXODWHPDWWHUDLUSROOXWLRQLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV(QYLURQ5HV   ±GRLHQUV >@(*yPH]%DJJHWKXQ'1%DUWRQ&ODVVLI\LQJDQGYDOXLQJHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVIRUXUEDQSODQQLQJ(FRO(FRQ  ± GRLMHFROHFRQ >@$0F%UDWQH\'-)LHOG$.RFK7KHGLPHQVLRQVRIVRLOVHFXULW\*HRGHUPD  ±GRLMJHRGHUPD >@1'&URVVPDQ%$%U\DQ'.LQJ,QWHJUDWLRQRIODQGVFDSHVFDOHDQGVLWHVFDOHPHWULFVIRUSULRULWLVLQJLQYHVWPHQWVLQQDWXUDOFDSLWDOLQ WK:RUOG,0$&6&RQJU02'6,0,QW&RQJU0RGHO6LPXO,QWHUIDFLQJ0RGHO6LPXOZLWK0DWK&RPSXW6FL3URFSS ± >@61DXPDQQ05D\PHQW31RODQ70)RUHVW6*LOO*,QIUDVWUXFWXUHHWDO'HVLJQLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGFRVWHOHPHQWVRI*UHHQ ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHSURMHFWV)LQDO5HSRUW   >@-0DUWLQH]$OLHU*0XQGD-2¶1HLOO:HDNFRPSDUDELOLW\RIYDOXHVDVDIRXQGDWLRQIRUHFRORJLFDOHFRQRPLFV(FRO(FRQ  ± GRL6   >@(XURSHDQ&RPLVVLRQ%XLOGLQJD*UHHQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHIRU(XURSH  GRL >@(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ2XUOLIHLQVXUDQFHRXUQDWXUDOFDSLWDODQ(8ELRGLYHUVLW\VWUDWHJ\WR&RPPXQLFDWLRQIURPWKH&RPPLVVLRQWR WKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWWKH&RXQFLOWKH(FRQRPLFDQG6RFLDO&RPPLWWHHDQGWKH&RPPLWWHHRIWKH5HJLRQV   >@(&RPPLVVLRQ7KH0XOWLIXQFWLRQDOLW\RI*UHHQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH6FL(QYLURQ3ROLF\  ± >@-0DHV%(JRK/:LOOHPHQ&/LTXHWH39LKHUYDDUD-36FKlJQHUHWDO0DSSLQJHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVIRUSROLF\VXSSRUWDQGGHFLVLRQ PDNLQJLQWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ(FRV\VW6HUY  ±GRLMHFRVHU >@$$%DWDE\DO-5.DKQ592¶1HLOO2QWKHVFDUFLW\YDOXHRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV-(QYLURQ(FRQ0DQDJH  ± GRL6   >@101HOVRQD:ULJKW5*/RZU\10XWULH:KHUHLVWKH7KHRUHWLFDO%DVLVIRU8QGHUVWDQGLQJDQG0HDVXULQJWKH(QYLURQPHQWIRU 3K\VLFDO$FWLYLW\"(QYLURQ+HDOWK,QVLJKWV  ± >@.0$&KDQ056KDZ'5&DPHURQ(&8QGHUZRRG*&'DLO\&RQVHUYDWLRQSODQQLQJIRUHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHV3/R6%LRO   ±GRLMRXUQDOSELR >@51DLGRRD%DOPIRUG5&RVWDQ]D%)LVKHU5(*UHHQ%/HKQHUHWDO*OREDOPDSSLQJRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQ SULRULWLHV3URF1DWO$FDG6FL86$  ±GRLSQDV >@(1HOVRQ'(QQDDQD\6:ROQ\12OZHUR'3HQQLQJWRQ*0HQGR]DHWDO,Q9(67%HWD8VHU¶V*XLGHௗ,QWHJUDWHG9DOXDWLRQ RI(FRV\VWHP6HUYLFHVDQG7UDGHRIIV >@('LQHUVWHLQ*3RZHOO'2OVRQ(:LNUDPDQD\DNH5$EHOO(8QGHUZRRGHWDO$ZRUNERRNIRUFRQGXFWLQJELRORJLFDODVVHVVPHQWV DQGGHYHORSLQJELRGLYHUVLW\YLVLRQVIRUHFRUHJLRQEDVHGFRQVHUYDWLRQ3DUW,ௗWHUUHVWULDOHFRUHJLRQV3URJUDP   >@9,QJHJQROL(*LJOLR/DQGVFDSHELRGLYHUVLW\FKDQJHVLQIRUHVWYHJHWDWLRQDQGWKHFDVHVWXG\RIWKH/DYD]^p`3DVV 7UHQWLQR,WDO\ $QQX 'L%RW  ± >@0LOOHQQLXP(FRV\VWHP$VVHVVPHQW(FRV\VWHPVDQGKXPDQZHOOEHLQJGRLDQQDOV >@6D:RRG$'*XHUU\-06LOYHU0/DFD\R8VLQJVRFLDOPHGLDWRTXDQWLI\QDWXUHEDVHGWRXULVPDQGUHFUHDWLRQ6FL5HS   GRLVUHS >@5'HIULHV$+DQVHQ%/7XUQHU55HLG-/LX5'HIULHVHWDO/DQG8VH&KDQJH$URXQG3URWHFWHG$UHDVௗ0DQDJHPHQW7R%DODQFH +XPDQ1HHGVDQG(FRORJLFDO)XQFWLRQ  ± >@'D-RQHV$-+DQVHQ.%O\.'RKHUW\-39HUVFKX\O-,3DXJKHWDO0RQLWRULQJODQGXVHDQGFRYHUDURXQGSDUNV$FRQFHSWXDO DSSURDFK5HPRWH6HQV(QYLURQ  ±GRLMUVH >@,3DORPR%0DUWtQ/ySH]3=RUULOOD0LUDV'*DUFtD'HO$PR&0RQWHV'HOLEHUDWLYHPDSSLQJRIHFRV\VWHPVHUYLFHVZLWKLQDQG DURXQG'RxDQD1DWLRQDO3DUN 6:6SDLQ LQUHODWLRQWRODQGXVHFKDQJH5HJ(QYLURQ&KDQJ  ±GRLV  2303

Ngày đăng: 04/12/2022, 15:05

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN