cambridge - english pronunciation in use (advanced) (2007)

                                              i                                 Consonant clusters                        Stress in words and phrases                                                       Stressed and unstressed syllables                  F oreign words        Features of fl uent speech                               Organising information in conversation                                 Intonation in telling. asking and answering                                                        Intonation in managing conversation                                                                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include: ad' mire - ' admirable ' medicine - me' dicinal pre ' fer - ' preferable ' agriculture - agri ' cultural Note that before the suffixes -ious, -ulous, -orous and -eous main stress usually comes in the syllable before the suffix: ' industry - i n ' d ustrious... people)? English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) 29 a c 1 ce l e rate a n d ac 1 ce l e l rati o n Suffixes and word stress (2) :;lts J A5 1 I n words with the following suffixes, main stress i s usually o n the syllable immediately before the suffix: -ial, -ic, -ion, -ive, and -ity For example: ' atmosphere - , atmos ' pheric ' instinct - i n ' stinctive d i ' verse - d i ' versity ' editor - edi '... ngerous In other words, the suffix changes the stressed syllable Compare: ' commerce and: com' mercial ,1\46 Suffixes which don't usually change the stress pattern in the root word include -able, -age, -al (but see Unit 12 for -ial), -er, -ful, -less, -ness, -ous and -fy For example: ' comfort - ' comfortable ' amplify - ' amplifier ' foolish - ' foolishness per' cent - per' centage re ' gret - re '... it is unstressed and /di :-/ and /ri :-/ if it has secondary stress Compare: de' gra de /dr-/ but: , decom ' pose /di :-/ re ' c \ a i lll /n-/ but: , recon ' sider /ri :-/ A few words with de- and re- prefixes are usually pronounced with an unstressed I-r-I in the prefix when they are used as a verb and a stressed I-i:-I in the prefix when they are used as a noun Compare: , = · Interest is li kely to decrease... avoid adding an extra vowel at the beginning of the word For example: saying 'estop' for 'stop' or saying 'escream' for 'scream' You can find more practice of consonant clusters at the beginning of words in Section E2 English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) Section B Pronunciation of words and phrases Exercises 7.1 A2� You w i l l hear som e short defi n itions After each d efi n ition, press 'pause',... di:kri:s/) in interest mj 1 - """':::::; 1 A66 Some words beginning re- have the same spelling but a different stress and meaning depending on whether re- means 'again' or not Compare: � & 34 recover recount reform remark resort resign l, ri : ' kAvdl (= cover again) I, ri : ' kaunt l ( = count again) l, ri : ' L1 : 1ll1 ( = form again) l, ri : ' mu : kl ( = mark again) I, ri : ' s ;) : t l ( = sort again)... ( = sort again) I, ri : ' saml (= sign again) In ' kA vgl ( = get well) In ' kaontl (= describe) In ' f J : ml (= improve) In ' m u : kl ( =comment) In ' ZJ : t l ( = turn to) In ' zaml (= give up a job) Note : When re- means 'aga in' , the words a re someti mes spelt with a hyphen, e.g re-cover, re-cou nt English Pronunciation i n Use (Advanced) Section B Pronunciation of words and phrases Exercises... changes in pronunciation that take place in fast speech when compared with slow, careful speech These include linking sounds, leaving out sounds and changing sounds These changes are looked at in more detail in Units 26 to 3 1 4Speech isbroken up into units often with a pause between them Within these speech units, words are 7 linked together smoothly (For more on speech units, see Unit 32.) In fast... 'conversation' versions a 'we-ak' +ornt It I uj ;)IJ I'I.O- +- Iju:1> Oll- +- l EXAMPLE couldn' giVe me a !if( could 2 I he asked 3 Do you been to her for mind see the movmg you smce best .        Intonation in telling. asking and answering      .        Organising information in conversation       